Medical grounds for suspending the professional licence of physicians and dentists by Regional Medical Councils between 1990 and 2014. / Przyczyny zdrowotne zawieszenia prawa wykonywania zawodu przez okregowe rady lekarskie w latach 1990­2014.

OBJECTIVES: The professions of physician and dentist are associated with multiple health risks. The aim of this study was to identify the medical conditions that caused limitation or suspension of the professional license of Polish physicians and dentists, and to assess their return to professional activities. METHODS: We analyzed documentation of Regional Medical Registers concerning the procedure for suspending medical licences or limiting certain medical activities, and decisions of Regional Medical Councils in 1990-2014. RESULTS: The data on 65 decisions suspending the professional license, 8 decisions limiting the license and 1 revoking the right to practice have been obtained from 8 Councils. The most frequent cause of limiting or suspending the professional license was drug and alcohol dependence (54.1%). There was no correlation between the underlying medical condition and gender or profession (physician/dentist). Among doctors aged 42-57 and 58-67 whose licence had been suspended or limited, more than 60% suffered from substance use disorder (SUD). In the group of doctors aged 41 and younger, no such case was found. Among doctors older than 67, addiction was the cause of 37.5% of decisions suspending or limiting the professional license. In no case the medical condition causing limitation or suspension of the licence was an occupational disease. SUD was more frequent in surgical than nonsurgical specialties (76.5% vs. 46.9%, p < 0.05). The doctors suffering from addictions were more likely to return to their practice (57.5%) than those suffering from other illnesses (20.5%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The most common medical ground for limiting or suspending the professional licence was substance abuse. Number of decisions suspending or limiting the licence is relatively small and indicates a need for more efficient procedures for identification of doctors and dentists incapable of practicing due to health problems and assessment of the capacity to practice in the case of individuals who do not undertake treatment themselves and therefore are unable to assure sufficient quality of care to their patients. Moreover, although few decisions were issued, there is a need for an active addiction prevention, particularly among surgical specialists.

[Professional misconduct in obstetrics and gynecology in light of the Supreme Medical Court between 2002-2012]. / Przewinienie zawodowe w poloznictwie i ginekologii w swietle orzecznictwa Naczelnego Sadu Lekarskiego z lat 2002-2012.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to present and analyze the verdicts of the Supreme Medical Court concerning professional misconduct among obstetrics and gynecology specialists between 2002-2012. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Verdicts of the Supreme Medical Court from 84 cases concerning obstetrics and gynecology speciallsts, passed between 2002-20 12, were analyzed. The following categories were used to classify the types of professional misconduct: decisive erro, error in the performance of a medical procedure, organizational errol error of professional judgment, criminal offence, and unethical behavior. RESULTS: The largest group among the accused professionals were doctors working in private offices and on-call doctors in urban and district hospitals. The most frequent type of professional malpractice was decisive error and the most frequent type of case were obstetric labor complications. The analysis also showed a correlation between the type of case and the sentence in the Supreme Medical Court. CONCLUSIONS: A respective jurisdiction approach may be observed in the Supreme Medical Court ruling against cases concerning professional misconduct which are also criminal offences (i.e., illegal abortion, working under the influence). The most frequent types of professional misconduct should determine areas for professional training of obstetrics and gynecology specialists.

Population genetics of 30 INDELs in populations of Poland and Taiwan.

The Investigator DIPplex(®) kit (Qiagen) contain components for the simultaneous amplification and analysis of 30 biallelic autosomal INDELs and amelogenin. The objective of this study was to estimate the diversity of the 30 markers in Polish (N P = 122) and Taiwanese (N T = 126) population samples and to evaluate their usefulness in forensic genetics. All amplicon lengths were shorter than 160 base pairs. The DIPplex genotype distributions showed no significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg rule expectations (Bonferroni corrected) except for DLH39 in the Taiwanese population. Among the Poles and the Taiwanese the mean observed heterozygosity values are 0.4385 and 0.4079, and the combined matching probability values are 7.98 × 10(-14) and 1.22 × 10(-11), respectively. The investigated marker set has been confirmed as a potential extension to standard short tandem repeat-based kits or a separate informative system for individual identification and kinship analysis. Eight INDELs have been selected as possible ancestry informative single-nucleotide polymorphisms for further analyses.

[Morphology and diagnostics of mechanisms of chest bone fractures and their use in analyzing forensic medicine results]. / Morfologia i diagnostyka mechanizmów zlaman kosci klatki piersiowej -- wykorzystanie w opiniowaniu sadowo-lekarskim.

The study presents the analysis of 343 available protocols of autopsy results. In the reviewed material, the authors noted that of 343 autopsies performed in 2005, in 92 cases, rib fractures were present. The study reviews the articles on the morphology and determination of the mechanism of rib fracturing. The authors describe the majority of factors that influence the type of fracture, as well as the current views on the possibility of applying the knowledge of morphology and mechanisms of rib fracturing in opinionating in traffic accidents, injuries inflicted to victims of assault and battery, in interpreting autopsy findings in victims of falls from high altitude or crushing by heavy objects, as well as in differentiating between primary and secondary injuries, and also identifying fractures occurring during resuscitation. Fractures in children are presented separately. The authors also analyze the issue of establishing the sequence of fractures.

[Paternity exclusion tests in the Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Medical Sciences in Poznan]. / Wykluczenia ojcostwa w swietle badan Katedry i Zakladu Medycyny Sadowej Akademii Medycznej w Poznaniu.

The study comprises the analysis of expert's hemogenetic reports carried out in the Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Medical Sciences in Poznan, in the years 1980-2004 and associated with paternity determination or exclusion. In the analyzed period, the authors established 1064 cases of paternity exclusion in serological tests, 97 paternity exclusions in the HLA examinations, and 129 cases of paternity exclusions processed in DNA testing. On the base of gene frequencies, the theoretical chance of paternity exclusion was determined for every test. The significant usefulness of DNA testing in legal processes did not cause an increase in the percentage of paternity exclusions. Moreover, the authors observed a significant decrease in the number of paternity exclusions in comparison with results of serological tests (from 24.25% to 19.43%). With the drop in the number of births, the number of expert's reports significantly decreased.

[Post-accident injuries to the locomotor system and divergent medical opinions on the percentage of health loss in insured persons]. / Powypadkowe uszkodzenia narzadu ruchu a lekarskie rozbieznosci w ustaleniu procentowego uszczerbku na zdrowiu ubezpieczonych.

The authors present the results of an analysis of certification rules applied by insurance companies for the purpose of medical expertise. It was found that the percentage of health loss was very frequently understated by insurance companies as compared with that decided by Polish courts. This mostly applied to diseases of musculoskeletal system and consequences of head injuries, which proved to be profitable for insurance companies. It was also common for medical experts working for insurance companies to use the lowest possible rates in estimating the loss of health. The authors emphasized the need to unify the rules and criteria for determining the percentage of health loss, or to inform insurance applicants about the fact that insurance companies have their own rules, which differ from those applied by courts.