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2.
Drug Alcohol Depend ; 204: 107588, 2019 11 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31590131

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The aim was to estimate the prevalence of harmful alcohol use in relation to socio-demographic characteristics among acutely ill medical patients, and examine identification measures of alcohol use, including the alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 (PEth). METHODS: A cross-sectional study, lasting one year at one hospital in Oslo, Norway and one in Moscow, Russia recruiting acute medically ill patients (≥ 18 years), able to give informed consent. Self-reported data on socio-demographics, mental distress (Symptom Check List-5), alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-4 (AUDIT-4) and alcohol consumption past 24 h were collected. PEth and alcohol concentration were measured in whole blood. RESULTS: Of 5883 participating patients, 19.2% in Moscow and 21.1% in Oslo were harmful alcohol users, measured by AUDIT-4, while the prevalence of PEth-positive patients was lower: 11.4% in Oslo, 14.3% in Moscow. Men in Moscow were more likely to be harmful users by AUDIT-4 and PEth compared to men in Oslo, except of those being ≥ 71 years. Women in Oslo were more likely to be harmful users compared to those in Moscow by AUDIT-4, but not by PEth for those aged < 61 years. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of harmful alcohol use was high at both study sites. The prevalence of harmful alcohol use was lower when assessed by PEth compared to AUDIT-4. Thus, self-reporting was the most sensitive measure in revealing harmful alcohol use among all groups except for women in Moscow. Hence, screening and identification with objective biomarkers and self-reporting might be a method for early intervention.


Asunto(s)
Alcoholismo/sangre , Alcoholismo/epidemiología , Glicerofosfolípidos/sangre , Hospitalización/tendencias , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/sangre , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Alcoholismo/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores/sangre , Estudios Transversales , Intervención Educativa Precoz/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Moscú/epidemiología , Noruega/epidemiología , Autoinforme , Adulto Joven
3.
Sud Med Ekspert ; 60(5): 23-26, 2017.
Artículo en Ruso | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28980550

RESUMEN

The confirmation of the fact of alcohol abuse is currently an important problem of both medical and social significance. Of all biological markers of alcohol consumption presently in use, blood phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is considered to be most sensitive and specific one. Therefore it has promising prospects for the further application. There is no universally accepted method for the calculation of the phosphatidylethanol concentration in human blood. For this reason, the present article places emphasis on the comparative characteristic of various methods for the determination of this substance.


Asunto(s)
Alcoholismo , Glicerofosfolípidos/sangre , Detección de Abuso de Sustancias/métodos , Alcoholismo/sangre , Alcoholismo/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores/sangre , Investigación sobre la Eficacia Comparativa , Humanos
4.
Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova ; 113(6 Pt 2): 3-8, 2013.
Artículo en Ruso | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23887460

RESUMEN

The authors studied changes in the structure of drug addiction services, the dynamics of outpatient and inpatient referrals for drug addiction treatment and effectiveness of drug addiction services in 2011 compared to the preceding period. There was a reduction of availability of drug treatment services due to the reduction of the number of drug addiction units and the depletion of human resource potential. The lack of structural development of rehabilitation sector of drug care services and low rates of its development as well as the decrease in the number of patients seeking treatment are highlighted. It has been concluded that the drug addiction services require reorganization of its regulatory and legal framework and need innovative organizational and management decisions and human resources trained in innovative thinking and technologies.


Asunto(s)
Benchmarking/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas de Atención de la Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Tratamiento Domiciliario/estadística & datos numéricos , Centros de Tratamiento de Abuso de Sustancias/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Interpretación Estadística de Datos , Humanos , Morbilidad/tendencias , Estudios Retrospectivos , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología
6.
Artículo en Ruso | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10994094

RESUMEN

The epidemiological analysis of morbidity in drug addiction in Russia for the period of 25 years is presented. As shown in this analysis, by 1992 the number of drug addicts rose twofold in comparison with 1986, and by 1998 this number rose tenfold, reaching 109.5 per 100,000 of the population. The total number of persons given medical assistance on account of the abuse of narcotic and non-narcotic substances exceeded 295,000. The analysis states that the ratio of persons having problems with drugs and applying for medical assistance to the actual number of drug addicts is 1:7, i.e. the number of drug addicts among the population exceeds 2 million persons. The spread of drug addiction among adolescents, which grew eightfold during the last 10 years, is a particularly unfavorable phenomenon. The established tendencies towards the growth of morbidity rates in individual groups of population in Russia and the data obtained by questioning among the population are indicative of growth in the spread of drug addiction. This regularity is confirmed by the growing proportion of children, adolescents and women among those who applied for medical assistance for the first time.


Asunto(s)
Trastornos Relacionados con Opioides/epidemiología , Psicotrópicos , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Morbilidad/tendencias , Prevalencia , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Distribución por Sexo , Fumar/epidemiología
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