[Metabolic characteristics, nutritional status and behavior factors in people with obesity, working at industrial plant].

An obesity is the topical problem worldwide, because excessive weight is the reason of metabolic changes that lead to development of serious chronic non-communicable diseases. The examination was aimed to assess clinical and metabolic health, nutritional status and behavior risk factors of obesity in people, working at the industrial plant. Material and methods. In 348 workers of the industrial plant (210 males, 138 females) examination was performed including anthropometry: body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences and their ratio, blood pressure level detection, laboratory blood tests (glucose and cholesterol levels), and questionnaire on nutritional habits and physical activity. All examined were divided in three groups depending on BMI: 1st group - 151 (43.3%) persons with normal body mass, 2nd group - 125 (36%) working people with overweight and 3rd group - 72 (20.7%) people with obesity. Results. More than half of examined workers (mostly females) had overweight or obesity with predominantly abdominal type of fat distribution and I degree. Arterial hypertension was diagnosed in 41% of all working people (predominantly I degree), more frequently observed in obese (62.5%) and in males (45%). Each fourth man and woman had elevated total cholesterol level, which increased depending on BMI raise. Postprandial hyperglycemia was observed in 5.5% of cases, with the same frequency in both genders, predominantly in obesity. A significant part of responded with obesity, especially females, confirmed, that the reasons of excessive weight were stresses and somatic diseases (37%), and they preferred chocolate from confectionery. It was noted a correlation of BMI with egg consumption in males and with the consumption frequency of nuts, seeds and chocolate in females. Physical activity less than 3 times a month or never was observed in most of responded workers with overweight and obesity (73%), especially in males, as well as in females during the last month before the survey (57%). Conclusion. Preventive examination detected not only high prevalence of abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension and fat metabolism disturbances in people, working at the industrial plant, but also allowed to detect the most significant alimentary and behavioral risk factors of obesity.

[The actual approaches to the analysis of the decrease of population mortality on the territorial level].

The article deals with one of the major medical demographic problems of Tver region's higher population mortality, including mortality of able-bodied population. The prevalence of main causes of death and their structure are analyzed. The prospective forecast of death rate indicators based on extrapolation technique is proposed. The main strategic approaches to the development of target programs of decreasing premature population mortality in Tverskaya oblast on the basis of the expertise of hospital lethality and analysis of demographic situation is presented. The proposed approaches can promote the study of optimal management and organization decision-making by administrations of different levels.

[Dynamics of abortion in various regions of Russian Federation]. / Dinamika abortov v otdel'nykh regionakh RF.

Analyzes statistics of induced abortions as reflected at the Ministry of Health and Medical Industry of Russia. Puts forward the most significant medicosocial factors influencing the causes of pregnancy discontinuation. Analysis of the prevalence of induced abortions in different regions of Russia persuasively demonstrates the necessity of improving the state statistics of abortions for the realization of family planning programs.

[Features of present-day contraception behavior (according to the data of the Tver district)]. / Osobennosti sovremennoi kontratseptivnoi praktiki (po materialam Tverskoi oblasti).

Presents the results of a random social hygienic study devoted to family planning, carried out in the town of Tver and its region. The objects of this study were medical and university students and physicians specialized in obstetrics and gynecology engaged in family planning problems. Contraception behavior of young people was analyzed and the structure of contraception in Russia compared with that in countries with well-developed economy. Family planning problems viewed by present-day young people are discussed: the optimal marriage age and time of appearance of the first baby, the desired number of children, intergenetic intervals, and pregnancy outcomes. The attitude of obstetricians and gynecologists to contraception, their knowledge and skills in this sphere are analyzed. Shortcomings in the activities of obstetrical and gynecological service in family planning and contraception are discussed.

[Socio-hygienic analysis and trends in primary prevention of abortions]. / Sotsial'no-gigienicheskii analiz i napravleniia pervichnoi profilaktiki abortov.

Artificial interruption of pregnancy remains one of the main methods of birth control and is a priority problem of public health. The reduction of abortions frequency in towns is accompanied by the growth of this indicator in rural areas. During recent years "family problems due to drinking habits of husband" have remained one of the major causes for the interruption of pregnancy. The reduction of abortions frequency can be achieved through target health education among women of reproductive age based on their classification by corresponding risk groups, and through joint efforts of health workers, Soviet and public organizations.