RESUMEN
Background: Campylobacter species are the zoonotic bacteria and the most common cause of foodborne gastroenteritis around the world. The link between human campylobacteriosis and infected poultry consumption has been well established. Aims: In this study, we aimed to isolate Campylobacter spp. from chicken and characterize them with molecular methods. Methods: Totally, 241 chicken caecal mucosal scrapings were collected from five districts of Tamil Nadu. Bacterial isolation was done by plating on blood-free Campylobacter selective medium with supplements. Campylobacter species were identified by multiplex PCR and Campylobacter coli isolates were tested for 11 virulence genes by PCR. C. coli isolates were typed based on seven housekeeping genes multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme. The antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by a microdilution resazurin assay. Results: The prevalence of C. coli and C. jejuni were 14.94% (36/241), and 3.32% (8/241), respectively. The virulence genes flaA, flaB, cadF, cdtA, cdtB, cdtC, ciaB, and ceuE were present in all 36 C. coli isolates, pldA and racR genes were present in 58.33% (21/36), and 16.67% (6/36) of the isolates, respectively, and dnaJ was present in only one isolate. Two novel sequence types (ST-10872, ST-11031) were found in this study. Though different STs were identified, all the STs belonged to the same clonal complex of ST-828. All 14 C. coli isolates showed 100% resistance to nalidixic acid, and higher resistance to tetracycline (92.8%), erythromycin (71.4%), clindamycin (71.4%), and azithromycin (64.2%) was noticed. All C. coli isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol, and higher sensitivity to ciprofloxacin (78.5%), and gentamicin (71.4%) was observed. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that C. coli is more prevalent in broilers than C. jejuni in Tamil Nadu. The presence of C. jejuni and C. coli in chicken caecal samples from the slaughterhouse are indicative of the possibility of public health hazards.
RESUMEN
Identification, synthesis and structure-activity relationship of small-molecule VIPR1 antagonists encompassing two chemical series are described.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Compuestos de Bifenilo/síntesis química , Receptores de Tipo I del Polipéptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/antagonistas & inhibidores , Tiofenos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Compuestos de Bifenilo/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Ensayos Analíticos de Alto Rendimiento , Humanos , Receptores de Tipo I del Polipéptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/metabolismo , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequeñas , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Tiofenos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
To meet the strong demand of colchicine an attempt is made to optimize the solvent system for isolation of colchicine. Gloriosa superba dried seed powder was extracted by using different solvents. Maximum yield of colchicine was obtained when extracted with water and alcohol in the ratio of 50 : 50.
