[Diabetes and women, why are we different?] / Diabetes y mujer, ¿por qué somos diferentes?

Diabetes affects men and women differently and the mistaken assumption of equality in its clinical expression can lead to errors and delays in the diagnostic process and the therapeutic strategy adopted. The objective is to show the gender differences that influence the approach to this pathology and what the role of the family doctor is in the monitoring of women with diabetes. It is a review of the impact of diabetes at different stages of a woman's life, how hormonal changes affect glycemic control, gestational diabetes, how diabetes affects the development of chronic complications in women and their consequences, the existing differences in the control of cardiovascular risk factors and the differential aspects by sex of the different families of drugs used in the treatment of diabetes.

SFPQ associates to LSD1 and regulates the migration of newborn pyramidal neurons in the developing cerebral cortex.

The development of the cerebral cortex requires the coordination of multiple processes ranging from the proliferation of progenitors to the migration and establishment of connectivity of the newborn neurons. Epigenetic regulation carried out by the COREST/LSD1 complex has been identified as a mechanism that regulates the development of pyramidal neurons of the cerebral cortex. We now identify the association of the multifunctional RNA-binding protein SFPQ to LSD1 during the development of the cerebral cortex. In vivo reduction of SFPQ dosage by in utero electroporation of a shRNA results in impaired radial migration of newborn pyramidal neurons, in a similar way to that observed when COREST or LSD1 expressions are decreased. Diminished SFPQ expression also associates to decreased proliferation of progenitor cells, while it does not affect the acquisition of neuronal fate. These results are compatible with the idea that SFPQ, plays an important role regulating proliferation and migration during the development of the cerebral cortex.

[Prevalence of infections (Chlamydia, Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma) in patients with altered tuboperitoneal factor]. / Prevalencia de infecciones (Chlamydia, Ureaplasma y Mycoplasma) en pacientes con factor tuboperitoneal alterado.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of Chlamydia, Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma in patients with peritoneal tubal factor infertility and altered. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive, observational, retrospec- tive, transversal, infertility patients Juarez Hospital of Mexico 2013 to 2015. Study included patients with infertility diagnosis and detection of antibodies (IgG) by ELISA for Chlamydia and vaginal cultures for Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma, hysterosalpingography and histerolapa- roscopia with chromotubation RESULTS: 46 patients with a mean age of 32.5 years. It was found that 36% were positive for these infections (n = 17): Chlamydia in 8.7% (n = 4), Ureaplasma in 21.7% (n = 10) and Mycoplasma in 6.5% (n = 3). Chlamydia patients and bilateral tubal occlusion (OTB) in 5.8% (n = 1), Ureaplasma and OTB (n = 5) were identified in 29.4% of them with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and tubal obstruction Ureaplasma right (OTD) in 5.8% (n = 1), Ureaplasma and tubal patency but with loose adhesions in 5.8% (n = 1) and Mycoplasma with OTB in 11.1% (n = 2), p = 0.425. Hysterosalpingography showed a sensitivity of 59% and specificity of 79%. CONCLUSIONS: Although there was no association of variables, Ureaplasma infection was more common in patients with infertility and tubal damage.

Cholesterol content regulates acrosomal exocytosis by enhancing Rab3A plasma membrane association.

The acrosome is an exocytic granule that overlies the spermatozoan nucleus. In response to different stimuli, it undergoes calcium-regulated exocytosis. Freshly ejaculated mammalian sperm are not immediately capable of undergoing acrosome reaction. The acquisition of this ability is called capacitation and involves a series of still not well-characterized changes in the sperm physiology. Plasma membrane cholesterol removal is one of the sperm modifications that are associated with capacitation. However, how sterols affect acrosomal exocytosis is unknown. Here, we show that short incubations with cyclodextrin, a cholesterol removal agent, just before stimulation promote acrosomal exocytosis. Moreover, the effect was also observed in permeabilized cells stimulated with calcium, indicating that cholesterol plays a direct role in the calcium-dependent exocytosis associated with acrosome reaction. Using a photo-inhibitable calcium chelator, we show that cholesterol affects an early event of the exocytic cascade rather than the lipid bilayers mixing. Functional data indicate that one target for the cholesterol effect is Rab3A. The sterol content does not affect the Rab3A activation-deactivation cycle but regulates its membrane anchoring. Western blot analysis and immunoelectron microscopy confirmed that cholesterol efflux facilitates Rab3A association to sperm plasma membrane. Our data indicate that the cholesterol efflux occurring during capacitation optimizes the conditions for the productive assembly of the fusion machinery required for acrosome reaction.