Evaluation of the Insecticidal Potential of Heterotheca inuloides Acetonic and Methanolic Extracts against Spodoptera frugiperda and Their Ecotoxicological Effect on Poecilia reticulata.

For the management of Spodoptera frugiperda, botanical extracts have been used to reduce the environmental impacts of synthetic chemical pesticides. In the present investigation, the insecticidal activity of the acetonic and methanolic extracts of Heterotheca inuloides (Asteraceae) and of the main compound 7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydrocadalene on this pest as well as its ecotoxicological effect on Poecilia reticulata were evaluated. A greater insecticidal response was obtained from the acetonic extracts than from the methanolic extracts, with LC50 values of 730.4 ppm and 711.7 ppm for samples 1 and 2, respectively. Similarly, there was a lethal effect on 50% of the P. reticulata population at low concentrations in the acetonic extract compared to the methanolic extract. The sesquiterpene 7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydrocadalene has greater insecticidal activity by presenting an LC50 of 44.36 ppm; however, it is classified as moderately toxic for guppy fish.

Panapophenanthrin, a Rare Oligocyclic Diterpene from Panus strigellus.

During the course of our search for biologically active secondary metabolites from fungal cultures, a new oligocyclic diterpenoidal derivative, panapophenanthrin (1), was isolated from Panus strigellus. In addition, two known metabolites, panepophenanthrin (2) and dihydrohypnophilin (3), were also obtained. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectral analyses together with high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS). The absolute configuration was determined through TDDFT-ECD calculations. All of the compounds were assessed for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Compounds 1 and 3 showed moderate to weak activities in the performed antimicrobial assays, while compound 1 exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against the mammalian cell lines mouse fibroblast (L929) and human endocervical adenocarcinoma (KB3.1).

Experimental and theoretical study of the mechanism and rate constants of the sequential 5-exo-trig spirocyclization involving vinyl, aryl and N-alkoxyaminyl radicals.

In this research the sequential generation and cyclization of N-alkoxyaminyl radicals to produce 1-azaspiro[4.4]nonane, a prominent scaffold in organic and medicinal chemistry, was studied. Competition experiments in benzene at 80 °C with brominated oxime ethers using Bu3SnH as chain transfer and AIBN as the initiator generated vinyl or aryl radicals which were captured by oxime ethers, allowing approximate 5-exo-trig cyclization constants at 4.6 × 108 s-1 and 9.9 × 108 s-1 respectively to be established. Similar results were obtained by kinetic studies using the transition state theory (TST) from ab initio calculations with density functional theory (DFT) using the M06-2X, B3LYP, mPW1PW91 and TPSSh functionals in combination with the 6-311+G(d, p) basis set. Additionally, it was found that the 5-exo-trig cyclization of the N-alkoxyaminyl radical onto CC double bonds is a reversible process whose constants were determined to be in the range of 6.2 × 100 s-1 and 3.5 × 106 s-1 at 80 °C, depending on the nature of the substituents. The calculation of the radical stabilization energy (RSE) shows that the N-alkoxyaminyl radical is a very stable species and its reactivity in the addition on alkenes is governed by its nucleophilic character and the stability of the carbon-centered radical formed after cyclization. The reduction constant of the N-alkoxyaminyl radical with Bu3SnH in the gas phase at 80 °C was also estimated to be 3.4 × 100 M-1 s-1 through computational calculations. This information facilitates the rational planning of cascades and other methodologies applied to the construction of carbocyclic and aza-heterocyclic compounds.

Hierarchical modelling of immunoglobulin coated bacteria in dogs with chronic enteropathy shows reduction in coating with disease remission but marked inter-individual and treatment-response variability.

Chronic enteropathies are a common problem in dogs, but many aspects of the pathogenesis remain unknown, making the therapeutic approach challenging in some cases. Environmental factors are intimately related to the development and perpetuation of gastrointestinal disease and the gut microbiome has been identified as a contributing factor. Previous studies have identified dysbiosis and reduced bacterial diversity in the gastrointestinal microbiota of dogs with chronic enteropathies. In this case-controlled study, we use flow cytometry and 16S rRNA sequencing to characterise bacteria highly coated with IgA or IgG in faecal samples from dogs with chronic enteropathy and evaluated their correlation with disease and resolution of the clinical signs. IgA and IgG-coated faecal bacterial counts were significantly higher during active disease compared to healthy dogs and decreased with the resolution of the clinical signs. Characterisation of taxa-specific coating of the intestinal microbiota with IgA and IgG showed marked variation between dogs and disease states, and different patterns of immunoglobulin enrichment were observed in dogs with chronic enteropathy, particularly for Erysipelotrichaceae, Clostridicaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Prevotellaceae and Bacteroidaceae, families. Although, members of these bacterial groups have been associated with strong immunogenic properties and could potentially constitute important biomarkers of disease, their significance and role need to be further investigated.

Longitudinal Survey of Fecal Microbiota in Healthy Dogs Administered a Commercial Probiotic.

The aim of this longitudinal microbiome study was to investigate the effects of a commercially available veterinary synbiotic product (Blackmore's® Paw DigestiCare 60™) on the fecal microbiome of healthy dogs using 16S rRNA gene microbial profiling. Fifteen healthy, privately-owned dogs participated in a 2-week trial administration of the product. Fecal samples were collected at different time points, including baseline (prior to treatment), during administration and after discontinuation of product. Large intra- and inter-individual variation was observed throughout the study, but microbiome composition at higher phylogenetic levels, alpha and beta diversity were not significantly altered after 2 weeks of probiotic administration, suggesting an absence of probiotic impact on microbial diversity. Administration of the synbiotic preparation did, however, result in transient increases in probiotic species from Enterococacceae and Streptococacceae families as well as an increase in Fusobacteria; with the fecal microbiota partially reverting to its baseline state 3-weeks after cessation of probiotic administration.

Effect of sequentially fed high protein, hydrolyzed protein, and high fiber diets on the fecal microbiota of healthy dogs: a cross-over study.

BACKGROUND: Dietary content and environmental factors can shape the gut microbiota, and consequently, the way the gut microbiota metabolizes fats, carbohydrates, and proteins, affecting overall health of the host. We evaluated the impact of 3 diets (all meat [raw], high-insoluble fiber dry extruded diet and hydrolyzed protein dry extruded diet) on the gut microbiota of healthy dogs in a cross-over sequential study. RESULTS: We showed that diet can have an effect on the gut microbiome in dogs, which was influenced by the order of feeding. High-protein (all meat) diets were characterized by an increase in bacteria belonging to the Fusobacteria and Bacteroidetes phyla, whereas a high-insoluble fiber commercial diet correlated with increases in Firmicutes and Actinobacteria phyla. However, the individual dog's baseline microbiota had the most impact on the magnitude and nature of the changes in response to dietary intervention. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the dog fecal microbiota is driven by protein and fiber composition to different degrees in individual animals, and targeted modification of these patterns could be useful in the modulation of the gut microbiota in different diseases.

Beta-Secretase 1 Underlies Reactive Astrocytes and Endothelial Disruption in Neurodegeneration.

Dysfunction in the neurovascular unit (NVU) is a key component in the progressive deterioration of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is critical in vascular dementia. Recent studies have shown that inflammation plays early and perhaps causal roles in the pathogenesis of AD related to NVU damage, possibly in part by overactivating the aspartic acid protease activity of ß-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), which until now has almost solely been studied in the context of the ß-amyloid cascade. In this study, we analyzed the relationship of BACE1 with astrocytes and blood vessels in human brains with sporadic and familial dementia [Autosomal dominant cerebral arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD), and familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD)] and how BACE1 inhibition affects astrocytes and endothelial cells under conditions of glutamate toxicity. Our results show increased BACE1, PHF (Paired helical filaments)-tau and GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein) immunoreactivity (IR) in the CA1 hippocampal regions of FAD and SAD brains. Furthermore, BACE1 immunoprecipitated with GFAP in tissue samples from all study cases, but their immunofluorescence close to (10 µm3) or overlapping blood vessels was only increased in FAD and SAD brains, and PHF-tau was present around the vessels mainly in FAD brains. Interestingly, the increased BACE1 levels were associated with reactive astrocytes, characterized by morphological changes and upregulation of GFAP under pathological and stressful conditions, and endothelial disruption by glutamate excitotoxicity, and these effects were reversed by BACE1 inhibition; further, BACE1-inhibited astrocytes protected endothelial cell integrity by preserving zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) distribution and decreasing the expression of inflammatory markers. Taken together, these findings suggest that BACE1 dysregulation in astrocytes may have a role in the alterations in NVU integrity implicated in neurodegeneration.

Association Between Social Pensions With Depression, Social, and Health Behaviors Among Poor Older Individuals in Colombia.

OBJECTIVES: Many low- and middle-income countries have introduced social pensions to alleviate extreme poverty and improve the well-being of older individuals. However, evidence remains inconclusive about the potential effects of such programs on mental health, social, and health behaviors. METHODS: Data for individuals aged 60 or older came from the nationally representative Encuesta Nacional de Salud, Bienestar y Envejeciamiento survey in Colombia 2015 (N = 9,456). We used propensity score matching to estimate the association between the country's social pension program (Colombia Mayor) with depression, self-rated health, food insecurity, alcohol consumption, social participation, and labor force participation. RESULTS: Results show that receiving the program does not significantly affect the likelihood of suffering from depression or self-rated health among either men or women. However, receiving the program is associated with significant reductions in the likelihood of experiencing food insecurity and significant increases in the likelihood of participating socially. Among women, receiving the program is associated with significant reduction in the likelihood of participating in the labor force. DISCUSSION: The absence of a measurable effect on depression and self-rated health may be explained, at least partly, by the program's comparatively small cash benefit and the sharing of resources with other family members. Policymakers should assess possibilities to maximize the health and social benefits of social pensions.

[Cartagena Declaration. The International Declaration on the Right to Nutritional Care and the Fight against Malnutrition]. / Declaración de Cartagena. Declaración Internacional sobre el Derecho al Cuidado Nutricional y la Lucha contra la Malnutrición.

INTRODUCTION: The need to promote the right to nutritional care, to fight against malnutrition and to advance in education and research in clinical nutrition has led all the FELANPE's societies to sign on May 3rd, during the 33rd Congress of the Colombian Clinical Nutrition Association (ACNC) in the city of Cartagena, the International Declaration on the Right to Nutritional Care and the Fight against Malnutrition, "Declaration of Cartagena". The Declaration provides a coherent framework of 13 principles which can serve as a guide for societies, schools and associations affiliated to FELANPE in the development of action plans. In addition, it will serve as an instrument to promote, through governments, the formulation of policies and legislation in the field of clinical nutrition. We believe that the general framework of principles proposed by the Declaration can contribute to raise awareness about the magnitude of this problem and to promote cooperation networks among Latin-American countries. Although this Declaration does not have a binding legal effect, it has an undeniable moral strength and it can provide practical guidance to States. An implementation program will allow developing a toolkit to transform principles into actions.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Frente a la necesidad de promover el derecho al cuidado nutricional, de luchar contra la malnutrición y de avanzar en temas de educación e investigación en nutrición clínica, las sociedades que constituyen la FELANPE firmaron la Declaración Internacional sobre el Derecho al Cuidado Nutricional y la Lucha contra la Malnutrición, "Declaración de Cartagena", el 3 de mayo del presente año en la ciudad de Cartagena, en el marco del 33º Congreso de la Asociación Colombiana de Nutrición Clínica. La Declaración proporciona un marco coherente de 13 principios, los cuales podrán servir de guía a las sociedades afiliadas a la FELANPE en el desarrollo de los planes de acción. Además, servirá como un instrumento para que promuevan, a través de los gobiernos, la formulación de políticas y legislaciones en el campo de la nutrición clínica. Consideramos que el marco general de principios propuesto por la Declaración puede contribuir a crear conciencia acerca de la magnitud de este problema y a forjar redes de cooperación entre los países de la región. Aunque esta Declaración no tiene un efecto jurídico vinculante (obligatorio), tiene una fuerza moral innegable y puede proporcionar orientación práctica a los estados. Un plan de implementación permitirá desarrollar la caja de herramientas necesaria para transformar los principios en acciones.

Changes in duodenal CD163-positive cells in dogs with chronic enteropathy after successful treatment.

Chronic enteropathy (CE) in dogs is characterized retrospectively per treatment response as food-responsive enteropathy (FRE), antibiotic-responsive enteropathy (ARE), and immunosuppressant-responsive enteropathy (IRE) - the latter most resembling inflammatory bowel disease in people. The aim of this study was to characterize duodenal macrophages (Mϕ) in CE using immunohistochemistry; with calprotectin (CAL) as a marker of early differentiated Mϕ and CD163 expression as a marker for resident Mϕ in the duodenum before and after treatment. Prior to treatment, dogs with FRE and IRE had a lower CD163+/CAL+ ratio than control dogs (CTRL) in crypts; this increased significantly and normalized compared with CTRL after treatment. Conversely, the CD163+/CAL+ ratio in dogs with ARE was comparable to that in healthy dogs before and after treatment. In summary, these results suggest that Mϕ play a role in the pathogenesis of CE in FRE and IRE, with a decrease in resident Mϕ and an increase in early differentiated Mϕ, but not in ARE dogs. Mϕ normalize after successful treatment.

Impacto de los inhibidores de la bomba de protones en los niveles de vitamina B12 en pacientes con ERO estadio 5 en hemodiálisis. Experiencia de un centro en Manizales, Colombia / Impact of proton-pump inhibitors on vitamin B12 levels in patients with CKD stage 5 in hemodialysis. Experience of a Center in Manizales, Colombia

Resumen Objetivo: establecer si en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) estadio 5 en terapia de hemodiálisis y uso crónico de inhibidores de bomba de protones (IBPs) se presenta deficiencia de vitamina B12. Métodos: pacientes con ERC estadio 5 mayores de 18 años, en terapia de hemodiálisis crónica, quienes se encontraban recibiendo terapia con IBP. En ellos se evaluaron variables demográficas, antropométricas, etiología de la enfermedad renal crónica, tiempo en diálisis, tipo de IBP que el paciente estaba recibiendo, dosis y tiempo que llevaban usando el medicamento. Las variables de laboratorio relacionadas fueron concentraciones séricas de vitamina B12, ácido fólico, KTV, hemoglobina y volumen corpuscular medio. Tipo de estudio: analítico de corte transversal. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión (media, desviación estándar) en las variables cuantitativas y frecuencias relativas en las cualitativas. Para determinar la correlación entre los niveles de vitamina B12 y las variables se utilizó el método de regresión lineal simple para cada una de las variables continuas y el de regresión logística para las categóricas Resultados: de un total de 106 pacientes en terapia de hemodialisis crónica, 37 pacientes cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, 45.9% mujeres, edad promedio 63.6 años, etiología de la ERC 48.6% idiopática. Respecto al tiempo en diálisis 56.7% de los pacientes tenían menos de cuatro años, el resto entre cuatro y 19 años. En cuanto al tiempo de consumo de IBP 15 pacientes (40.5%) habían recibido al menos tres años y 22 pacientes (59.5%) más de tres años. El 100% de los pacientes exhibían cifras normales o por encima de lo normal de niveles séricos de ácido fólico. Se encontró correlación positiva, aunque no estadísticamente significativa entre los niveles séricos de vitamina B12 y la dosis de IBP, tiempo de consumo de IBP y tiempo en diálisis. Conclusiones: contrariamente a lo planteado en la hipótesis de trabajo, en este estudio se encontró que los valores séricos de vitamina B12, tienden a aumentar a mayor tiempo en diálisis y el consumo de IBP, tanto en tiempo, como en dosis (Acta Med Colomb 2017; 42: 172-179).

Abstract Objective: To determine if vitamin B12 deficiency occurs in patients with chronic renal disease (CKD) stage 5 in hemodialysis therapy and chronic use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Methods: patients with stage 5 CKD over 18 years of age on chronic hemodialysis therapy who were receiving PPI therapy. Demographic and anthropometric variables, chronic renal disease etiology, time on dialysis, type of PPI received by the patient, dose and time taking the medication, were evaluated. The related laboratory variables were serum levels of vitamin B12, folic acid, KTV, hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume. Type of Study: cross-sectional analytical. Statistical analysis used central tendency and dispersion measures (mean, standard deviation) in the quantitative variables and relative frequencies in the qualitative ones. To determine the correlation between vitamin B12 levels and variables, the simple linear regression method was used for each of the continuous variables and the logistic regression method for the categorical variables. Results: Of a total of 106 patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis therapy, 37 patients met the inclusion criteria. 45.9% were women, mean age 63.6 years, etiology of CKD 48.6% idiopathic. Regarding the time on dialysis 56.7% of the patients had less than four years; the rest between four and 19 years. Regarding the time of PPIs consumption, 15 patients (40.5%) had received at least three years and 22 patients (59.5%) more than three years. 100% of the patients exhibited normal or above normal levels of serum folic acid levels. A positive correlation was found, although not statistically significant, between serum vitamin B12 levels and PPI dose, PPI consumption time and dialysis time. Conclusions: Contrary to what was proposed in the hypothesis of this study, it was found that serum levels of vitamin B12 tend to increase over time in dialysis and PPI consumption, both in time and in doses (Acta Med Colomb 2017; 42: 172-179).

La profesionalización del community manager: claves para una formación especializada de posgrado

Introducción. La investigación que se presenta plantea una síntesis epistemológica sobre el perfil y funciones del community manager. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó desde el análisis crítico de un conjunto de opiniones valiosas de académicos, y profesionales. relacionándola con los resultados de un estudio cualitativo realizado sobre el programa académico de 19 cursos (en su mayoría conducentes a la titulación de máster) ofrecidos mayoritariamente por universidades españolas para la especialización de tales profesionales. Resultados. Este análisis comparado ha permitido establecer notables coincidencias entre los perfiles, ámbitos de trabajo y funciones asignadas a los community manager por los estudios epistemológicos existentes y las competencias que se pretenden adquirir en estas acciones formativas de posgrado. Conclusión. En esencia los cursos preparan a expertos en comunicación hipermedia y sus canales, creadores de contenidos de calidad e impacto emotivo, a profesionales, ubicuos en continuo estado de análisis de audiencias y de estudios de posicionamiento.

Introduction. This research shows an epistemological synthesis about the profile and functions of the community manager. Materials and methods. It was carried out from the critical analysis of a group of valuable opinions from academics and professionals. Relating it to the results of a qualitative study carried out on the academic program of 19 courses (mostly pursuing a master's degree) offered mainly by Spanish universities for the specialization of such professionals. Results. This comparative analysis has made it possible to establish remarkable coincidences among profiles, work areas, and functions assigned to community managers by existing epistemological studies and the competences that are intended to be acquired in these formative graduate actions. Conclusion. In essence, the courses prepare hypermedia communication experts and their channels, creators of quality content and emotional impact to professionals, ubiquitous in a continuous state of analysis of audiences and of positioning studies.

Introdução. A investigação que se apresenta planteia uma síntese epistemológica sobre o perfil e funções do community manager. Materiais e métodos. Se realizou desde a análise crítica de um conjunto de opiniões valiosas de acadêmicos, e profissionais. Relacionando ela com os resultados de um estudo qualitativo realizado sobre o programa acadêmico de 19 cursos (na sua maioria conducentes à titulação de Máster) oferecidos maioritariamente por universidades espanholas para a especialização de tais profissionais. Resultados. Este análise comparado há permitido estabelecer notáveis coincidências entre os perfis, âmbitos de trabalho e funções designadas aos community manager pelos estudos epistemológicos existentes e as competências que se pretendem adquirir nestas ações formativas de pós graduação. Conclusão. Em essência os cursos preparam a especialistas em comunicação hipermídia e seus canais, criadores de conteúdos de qualidade e impacto emotivo, a profissionais, ubíquos em contínuo estado de análise de audiências e de estudos de posicionamento.

Analysis of phenolic compounds in commercial dried grape pomace by high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

By-products obtained from winemaking processes still contain large amounts of phenolic compounds, especially phenolic acids, flavanols, flavonols, stilbenes, and flavonoids. Enzymatic hydrolysis was used for determination and characterization of phenolic acids, flavanols, flavonols, and stilbenes. Characterization of the flavonoids was achieved using acid hydrolysis with 0.1% hydrochloric acid. In addition, organic solvents as 50% methanol, 70% methanol, 50% acetone, 0.01% pectinase, and 100% petroleum ether were also evaluated. Reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with diode array detector was used to identify phenolic compounds. Internal standard quantification was implemented using a five points of the UV-visible absorption data collected at the wavelength of maximum absorbance. A total of 16 phenolic compounds were determined. The content differed from 1.19 to 1124 mg kg(-1). Outcomes from HPLC study showed that gallic acid, (+) catechin hydrate, and (-) epicatechin gallate were the major phenolic compounds presented in the sample. Malvidin and pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside were the major anthocyanins monoglucosides.

Usefulness of local postoperative care after laser dacryocystorhinostomy.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Epiphora caused by nasolacrimal drainage system obstruction is the main indication for dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). So are chronic conjunctivitis and dacryocystitis from the same origin. Nasal endoscopy and the introduction of laser assisted DCR have facilitated the performance of the technique. However, it requires complex and expensive equipment, so there are still supporters of the traditional external procedure. The aim of this work was to study the effectiveness and usefulness of local postoperative care in laser DCR final result. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied a group of 96 patients diagnosed with epiphora secondary to stenosis-occlusion of the nasolacrimal duct. Of these, 32 patients underwent surgery in both eyes, making a total of 128 cases. The surgery was performed in a private setting between January 1999 and December 2008. The 128 cases were divided into 2 groups: 59 cases in which between 4 and 6 postoperative cures were given in the 2 months following the surgery, and another group of 69 cases in which a single cure was given approximately 7 days after surgery. The final assessment of the outcome of the intervention was done in all cases between 24-30 months after surgery. RESULTS: In 27 cases out of 128 (79% success), there was a restenosis of tear drainage. No statistically significant differences were found between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: In the sample of patients that were intervened using laser assisted DCR, implementation of postoperative cure was irrelevant in the success of the intervention.

Estado bucodental en gestantes de la ciudad de Armenia, Colombia / Buco-dental health status on pregnant women in Armenia city, Colombia

Objetivo: La salud bucodental en las gestantes es hoy por hoy un tema de mucha relevancia social cultural y académica, por todos los procesos y cambios que intervienen y se manifiestan en este estado, igualmente la salud bucodental hace parte esencial del bienestar que se debe tener en la gestación para un desarrollo y resultado exitoso de este proceso, por eso el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el estado bucodental de las gestantes de Armenia. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizo un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, en el municipio de Armenia (Quindío), se tomaron las gestantes que asisten al control prenatal en la Red de salud del municipio, se incluyeron en total 186 gestantes que cumplieron con los criterios de selección y desearon participar voluntariamente en la investigación. Resultados: El promedio de edad fue de 22 años, la mayoría (58.3%) con procedencia del Quindío, El 65.9% (122) habían visitado al odontologo durante la actual gestación, Al examen clínico se encontró en el 34.59% de las gestantes presentaban lesiones en tejidos blandos, el 94.05% caries y el 70.27% enfermedad periodontal. Conclusiones: El estado de salud bucodental en las gestantes es alterado con prevalencias altas de enfermedades como caries que se puede decir que es una enfermedad que existe antes de la gestación y adicionalmente la asistencia a consulta odontológica dentro de época de gestación no es en la proporción ideal a las necesidades evidenciadas.

Objective: The pregnant oral health is nowdays a very important issue of socialcultural and academic matter due to chances that can be seen. The oral health is essential for the well-being of pregnant woman. The objective was: To determinate the bucodental status of pregnantwomen in Armenia City.Methods: It was made a observational descriptive study, at the city of Armenia, Quindio. We take the pregnant who assisted to pre-birth control at the city’s services of health. We include 186 pregnants who could meet the selection characteristic and wish to be part of the research. Results: Age average was 22 years, mostly 58.3% From quindio. 65.9% have been at the dentist during the pregnancy. In the clinical examination we found that 34.5% of pregnants showed soft tissue injuries, 94.05% tooth decay and 70.2% periodontal disease. Conclusions: Oral health is pregnants is modificad with prevalences of disease such as tooth decay, the mother did not go for dental care during their pregnancy.

[Sudden-onset bilateral hearing loss: case report]. / Sordera brusca bilateral: a propósito de un caso.

An ischaemic infarction of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) is usually associated with vertigo, hearing loss, facial palsy, nystagmus, or truncal ataxia; it is often accompanied by other brainstem or cerebellar signs. Sudden- onset bilateral hearing loss without associated neurological symptoms is infrequent in the literature. We report a case of sudden bilateral hearing loss, later diagnosed as AICA infarction without other symptoms.