Two new triterpenoid saponins from Aralia subcapitata.

Two new oleanane-type saponins, subcapitatoside B and C were isolated from the roots of Aralia subcapitata. On the basis of chemical and spectral evidences, subcapitatoside B and C were established as oleanolic acid 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(l-->3)-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl- (1-->2)]-beta-D3--galactopyranoside, and 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl- (1-->3)-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, respectively.

Three new triterpenoid saponins from the seeds of Vaccaria segetalis.

Three new triterpenoid saponins, named segetoside G(1), H(2) and I(3), have been isolated from the seeds of Vaccaria segetalis. On the basis of chemical reaction and spectral data, their structures have been established as: 28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl (1-->3)]-beta-D-(4-O-acetyl)-fucopyranosyl-gypsogenin-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-(6-O-butyl ester)-glucuronopyranoside (1), 28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[alpha-L-(5-O-acetyl)-arabinofuranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D-(4-O-acetyl)-fucopyranosyl-gypsogenin-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside (2) and 28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[alpha-L-(5-O-acetyl)-arabinofuranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D-(4-O-acetyl)-fucopyranosyl-quillaic acid-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside (3).

[Studies on chemical constitutents in seeds of Allium tuberosum Rottl].

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents in the seed of Allium tuberosum. METHOD: Chromatography and spectral analysis were used to isolate the constituents and elucidate their structures. RESULT: Five compounds were isolated from the alcohol extracts of the seeds and identified as nicotianoside C, (22S)-cholest-5-ene-1 beta, 3 beta, 16 beta, 22-tetrol-1-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-16-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, daucosterol, adenosine and thymidine. CONCLUSION: All the compounds were isolated from the seed of this plant for the first time.

[Analgesic effect and toxicity of 3,15-diacetylbenzoylaconine and comparison with its analogues].

3, 15-Diacetylbenzoylaconine (Dia) is a new aconite alkaloid derivative. The analgesic ED50 (95% confidence limit) of sc Dia measured with the HAc-induced writhing method, hot-plate method and electric stimulation method in mice were 2.76 (2.34-3.26), 3.50 (2.69-4.54), and 4.20 (3.72-4.73) mg.kg-1, respectively. With the hot-plate method and tail flick method in rats, the analgesic ED50 of ip Dia were 2.75 (2.28-3.31) and 5.24 (4.35-6.31) mg.kg-1, respectively. The LD50 of sc Dia in mice and ip Dia in rats were 21.68 (17.25-27.25) and 10.96 (8.24-14.56) mg.kg-1, respectively. The magnitude of the analgesic therapeutic indices of Dia, 3-acetylaconitine (Ace) and aconitine (Aco) in all the above-mentioned algo-model were in the order of Dia > Ace > Aco. When they were injected iv at 0.1 ml.min-1 in rats, the doses of Dia, Ace, and Aco producing arrythmia were 3.3, 0.8, and 0.5 times as large as those producing analgesia while those of Dia, Ace, and Aco inducing respiratory inhibition were 3.9, 0.5 and 0.3 times, respectively. The magnitudes of the oil/water distribution coefficients with two method and the quotient ED50 icv/ED50 sc of Dia and Ace were > Aco.

[Sites of analgesic action of 3,15-diacetylbenzoylaconine].

In the rat hot plate test, vocalization induced by electric stimulation, tail flick test, and the mouse acetic acid writhing test, 3, 15-diacetylbenzoylaconine (DABA) ip exhibited a dose-dependent analgesic activity. Intrathecally (ith) administered DABA (527, 1186 micrograms.kg-1) had no analgesic action. Microinjection of DABA 35-75 micrograms.kg-1 or 20 micrograms into the cerebral ventricle (icv) or the periaqueductal gray (PAG) exerted a remarkable analgesic activity, which was abolished after bilateral lesions of locus coeruleus (LC). Microinjection of DABA (20 micrograms) into LC failed to produce apparent analgesic action. These results suggested that the sites of analgesia of DABA were mainly at the central supraspinal structures, and PAG was one of the primary sites, while LC was one of the intermediate links.

[Studies on the chemical constituents of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. III. Isolation and identification of zhebeinone].

A new C- nor D-homo steroidal alkaloid named zhebeinone was isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. Its structure was determined by spectral analyses and chemical conversion as 5 alpha, 14 alpha-cevanine-3 beta, 20 beta-dihydroxy-6-one or C-27 epimer of peiminine.

[Studies on chemical constituents of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq].

A new C-nor-D-homosteroidal alkaloid was isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. with peimine (I) and peiminine (II), named zhebeinine (III), C27H45O3N, mp. 240-242 degrees C. On the basis of the IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and MS of zhebeinine (III), the structure of zhebeinine (III) has been established as 5 alpha, 14 alpha-cevanine-3 beta, 6 alpha, 20 beta-triol.

Structures of Flavamine and Flavadine from Aconitum flavum.

Two new diterpenoid alkaloids, flavamine ( 1) and flavadine ( 2), were isolated from the roots of ACONITUM FLAVUM Hand-Mazz. The structures were established on the bases of spectral analyses and chemical correlations with napelline ( 3) and lucidusculine ( 4), respectively.