Asunto(s)
Congresos como Asunto , Epidemiología/organización & administración , Sociedades Científicas/organización & administración , Congresos como Asunto/historia , Congresos como Asunto/organización & administración , Congresos como Asunto/normas , Congresos como Asunto/tendencias , Epidemiología/historia , Epidemiología/tendencias , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Francia , Historia del Siglo XXI , Lenguaje , Informática Médica/organización & administración , Informática Médica/estadística & datos numéricos , Informática Médica/tendencias , Administración en Salud Pública/historia , Administración en Salud Pública/métodos , Administración en Salud Pública/normas , Administración en Salud Pública/tendencias , Sociedades Científicas/historia , Sociedades Científicas/tendenciasAsunto(s)
Congresos como Asunto , Diseño de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas , Promoción de la Salud/organización & administración , Sistemas de Registros Médicos Computarizados , Sociedades Médicas/organización & administración , Congresos como Asunto/organización & administración , Bases de Datos Factuales/historia , Bases de Datos Factuales/estadística & datos numéricos , Bases de Datos Factuales/tendencias , Estudios Epidemiológicos , Promoción de la Salud/tendencias , Historia del Siglo XXI , Humanos , Difusión de la Información/métodos , Sistemas de Registros Médicos Computarizados/organización & administración , Sistemas de Registros Médicos Computarizados/estadística & datos numéricosAsunto(s)
Práctica de Salud Pública , Salud Pública , Congresos como Asunto , Francia , Empleos en Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Empleos en Salud/tendencias , Humanos , Salud Pública/métodos , Salud Pública/normas , Salud Pública/tendencias , Práctica de Salud Pública/normas , Asociación entre el Sector Público-Privado/organización & administración , Asociación entre el Sector Público-Privado/normas , Asociación entre el Sector Público-Privado/tendencias , Sociedades Médicas/organización & administraciónAsunto(s)
Antiparasitarios/uso terapéutico , Ropa de Cama y Ropa Blanca/normas , Desinfección , Ivermectina/uso terapéutico , Escabiosis/terapia , Administración Cutánea , Antiparasitarios/administración & dosificación , Ropa de Cama y Ropa Blanca/parasitología , Benzoatos/administración & dosificación , Desinfección/métodos , Francia , Calor , Humanos , Insecticidas/administración & dosificación , Ivermectina/administración & dosificación , Permetrina/administración & dosificación , Escabiosis/diagnóstico , Escabiosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Escabiosis/epidemiología , Escabiosis/transmisiónRESUMEN
In France, almost 23,000 cases of measles and 10 deaths have been reported between January 2008 and August 2012. French health authorities recommend delivery of human polyvalent immunoglobulins in the event of exposure to a measles case for some categories of unvaccinated persons (children under the age of 12 months, immunocompromised persons and pregnant women), within six days after exposure and following laboratory confirmation of the contact case. We carried out a postal survey among 368 French hospital pharmacies to evaluate the number of persons affected by this measure between 1 January 2010 and 31 August 2011, to describe the characteristics of these patients and to evaluate the application of the recommendations in terms of delay between exposure and immunoglobulin delivery, and confirmation of the contact case. The response rate to the survey was 73%. In total, 400 immunoglobulin deliveries were listed, most of them for children under the age of one year, and 84% of the 250 administrations with available information occurred within six days after exposure, as recommended. However, only 48% of the 209 treated contacts with available information were laboratory-confirmed when the immunoglobulins were delivered. This survey is the first evaluation of this recommendation since its introduction in 2005 and suggests that the recommendations may need to be updated.
Asunto(s)
Inmunoglobulinas Intravenosas/administración & dosificación , Vacuna Antisarampión/administración & dosificación , Sarampión/epidemiología , Sarampión/prevención & control , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Atención a la Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Notificación de Enfermedades , Femenino , Francia/epidemiología , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Programas de Inmunización , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Servicio de Farmacia en Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Población Urbana/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Periodismo Médico , Publicaciones Periódicas como Asunto , Salud Pública , Francia , HumanosAsunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Seropositividad para VIH/epidemiología , Empleo , Femenino , Francia/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/terapia , Infecciones por VIH/transmisión , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Características de la Residencia , Conducta Sexual , Abuso de Sustancias por Vía Intravenosa/epidemiología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Time series studies conducted in the field of air pollution aim at testing and quantifying short-term relations which can exist between daily air pollution levels and daily health effects. The method used for this type of survey has sometimes been misunderstood mainly because individual factors and indoor exposure to air pollutants were not taken into account. The adjustment on these individual confounding factors commonly used in classic epidemiologic studies (case-control studies, cohort studies) is not adequate to times series studies which are based on aggregate data. This is different for those factors that change over time according to the levels of air pollution (meteorological conditions, influenza epidemics, trend of health cases) which, when being analysed, must be taken into account either indirectly through time modelling or directly through non-linear modelling processes. During this last decade, numerous studies using the time series method have been published and have found short-term associations between daily levels of air pollution commonly observed and daily respiratory mortality. The consistency of the numerous results published in the international literature are more arguments in favour of non-confounding short-term relations between air pollution and respiratory mortality.
Asunto(s)
Contaminación del Aire/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Respiratorias/mortalidad , Población Urbana , Adulto , Anciano , Interpretación Estadística de Datos , Ecología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Conceptos Meteorológicos , Factores de Riesgo , Estaciones del Año , Fumar/efectos adversos , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study aims at quantifying air pollution effects on mortality and at evaluating the feasibility of a standardized epidemiological surveillance system of air pollution in 9 French cities. METHODS: Data collection and analysis followed a standardized protocol. Data pollution depended on the development of local air quality surveillance networks (number of indicators, number of stations.). The Generalised Additive Models (GAM) were used to quantify the association between air pollution and mortality. RESULTS: In the 9 studied areas, associations between all causes, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality, and air pollution indicators were observed. These associations were linear without threshold. Depending on the pollutants, excess in mortality related to an interquartile increase in acid-particulate pollution varied between 0.3 and 3.5% for total mortality, 0.5 and 6.3% for cardiovascular mortality, and between 0.1 and 12% for respiratory mortality. Photochemical air pollution varied between 0.4 and 7.3% for total mortality, 1.4 and 6.7% for cardiovascular mortality, and between 1.7 and 30.4% for respiratory mortality. CONCLUSION: In spite of a standardized common protocol, some disparities, inherent to the local characteristics, were noted (length of time series, numbers of ambient urban stations selected and pollutants available.). Nevertheless, this pilot study showed that multicentric epidemiological monitoring of air pollution effects on health was feasible. Yet, this requires to validate the results obtained through a re-analysis of the mortality data on a longer period of study. It also requires to study the feasibility and the relevance of the use of other health indicators, such as hospital admissions.
Asunto(s)
Contaminación del Aire/efectos adversos , Contaminación del Aire/análisis , Monitoreo del Ambiente/normas , Mortalidad , Vigilancia de la Población , Salud Urbana/estadística & datos numéricos , Contaminación del Aire/estadística & datos numéricos , Sesgo , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/mortalidad , Causas de Muerte , Recolección de Datos/métodos , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Monitoreo Epidemiológico , Estudios de Factibilidad , Francia/epidemiología , Humanos , Modelos Lineales , Modelos Estadísticos , Proyectos Piloto , Vigilancia de la Población/métodos , Enfermedades Respiratorias/mortalidad , Factores de TiempoAsunto(s)
Antihipertensivos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/uso terapéutico , Anciano , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/uso terapéutico , Antihipertensivos/clasificación , Bloqueadores de los Canales de Calcio/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/mortalidad , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Suecia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
New regulations on the quality of air together with the epidemiological results obtained in the last 10 years on the short-term effects of air pollution on health have led the InVS to set up a program of epidemiological surveillance in 9 French cities. The first phase of this program was dedicated to the study of feasibility of such a surveillance system. Metrological and health data collection was conducted at both local and national levels in order to obtain significant data in close collaboration with experts of each field. The analysis of the relationship between temporal variations of daily series of the two types of indicators have allowed to obtain dose-response relationships between air pollution and mortality. The organisational and technical feasibility of such a surveillance system was confirmed in the first phase of the program.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos/efectos adversos , Contaminación del Aire/efectos adversos , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Estudios Epidemiológicos , Estudios de Factibilidad , Francia , Humanos , Conceptos Meteorológicos , Mortalidad , Vigilancia de la Población , Factores de Riesgo , Salud UrbanaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The population of Ferrette has been exposed to well-water with arsenic (As) levels higher than legal threshold. The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between daily tap-water consumption, As quantities thus ingested and biological arsenical impregnation. METHODS: The study was carried out on a sample of 100 people in the town of Ferrette and 100 people in the town of Seppois-le-Bas where the water quality is satisfactory. Ingested water and As were assessed by the mean of a food questionnaire. The quantity of ingested As was related to the body weight and compared to the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 2 micrograms/kg/d. Biological impregnation was assessed by measuring out As in hair sample. RESULTS: The daily ingested As intake of Ferrette population ranged from 0 to 32 micrograms/kg/d. One half of the population ingested more than 2 micrograms/kg/d. A quarter of the population ingested more than 4.3 micrograms/kg/d. 15% of Ferrette inhabitants yielded an As hair level higher than 0.1 ng/mg [IC95%: 8.7%-23.5%], versus 7% [IC95%: 2.9-13.9%] for the inhabitants of Seppois-le-Bas (p = 0.07). Among those who ingested an amount of As higher than the TDI, 19% were found to have detectable As hair levels, versus 9% for those who ingested less than the daily acceptable amount (p = 0.18). CONCLUSION: One half of the population of Ferrette absorbed an As amount double to the TDI, evidencing the reality of the exposure. We did not find any statistically significant relation between the ingested As amount and biological As impregnation nor between exposure to water containing excessive As level and As biological impregnation.
Asunto(s)
Arsénico/análisis , Cabello/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Abastecimiento de Agua , Intoxicación por Arsénico/diagnóstico , Femenino , Francia , Humanos , Masculino , Espectrofotometría Atómica , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Many clinical studies have shown a causal link between exposure to pollens and clinical symptoms of atopy. However knowledge regarding the dose-response relationship between airborne pollen counts and the occurrence of clinical symptoms of seasonal pollinosis in the population, are not well known. The review of epidemiological studies published in this field for the last 15 years indicates that most epidemiological studies were carried out using a panel study design of well documented pollinosis subjects. These studies aim at estimating the correlation between daily airborne pollen counts measured by an aeropollinic surveillance network and clinical indicators characterising the health condition of the studied population. Nevertheless, because of many methodological weaknesses, especially regarding the methods of statistical analysis, the results of these studies do not allow to conclude that there is a short term association between airborne pollen counts and the incidence of symptoms of seasonal pollinosis. This field of research is a priority in order to assess the public health impact of pollens, and to use with efficacy the data collected by monitoring networks.