[The first experience of har-rar and radiofrequency ablation for hemorrhoidal disease treatment in hospitalization replacement environment]. / Pervyi opyt sochetannogo primeneniia dezarterizatsii i radiochastotnoi ablatsii gemorroidal'nykh uzlov pri III-IV stadii gemorroia v statsionarozameshchaiushchikh usloviiakh.

AIM: To analyze advisability of HAL-RAR combined with radiofrequency ablation for hemorrhoidal disease under stationary substitution conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: There were 152 patients. Technical features of this procedure are presented. RESULTS: RFA was not followed by prolonged hospital-stay, advanced pain syndrome. Moreover, favorable outcomes were obtained including patients with hemorrhoidal disease stage 3 and 4. CONCLUSION: HAL-RAR combined with radiofrequency ablation may be recommended for treatment of hemorrhoidal disease in stationary substitution conditions.

[The technologies of inpatient care substitution in surgery]. / Statsionarzameshchayushchie tekhnologii v khirurgii.

It was analyzed the introduction of inpatient care substitution technologies in multi-disciplinary Polyclinic OAO «Gazprom¼. Organizational principles of outpatient surgical interventions under general and combined anesthesia are represented. Also it was described surgical features to decrease incidence of intra- and postoperative complications. System of active postoperative management was presented to define early different features of disease. Also main directions of development of this technology were suggested.

[Acid producing function of the stomach in patients with duodenal ulcer and diabetes mellitus]. / Sostoianie kislotoobrazuiushchei funktsii zheludka u bol'nykh iazvennoi bolezn'iu dvenatsatiperstnoi kishki, sochetannoi s sakharnym diabetom.

We studied gastric secretion in submaximal and maximal histamine and pentagastrin tests, computer-assisted pH-metry, chromogastroscopy and chromoduodenoscopy in 205 patients with duodenal ulcer (DU) and diabetes mellitus (DM). DU patients with DM type I had low acid gastric secretion in the stimulated phase, an excitable type of gastric secretion, continuous acid-formation of low intensity, subcompensated acid-neutralizing function of the antral portion of the stomach, normoacidic state. DU patients with DM type II had low fasting acid gastric secretion, an inhibitory type of gastric secretion, normal acid-formation, compensated acid-neutralizing function of the antral portion of the stomach, hypoacidic state.

[The treatment of peptic ulcers of gastrointestinal anastomoses]. / Lechenie pepticheskikh iazv zheludochno-kishechnykh soustii.

Peptic ulcers of gastroenterostomies are a serious complication after resection of the stomach or gastrojejunostomy. Their appearance is always associated with the presence of considerable production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, while the primary operations are performed, as a rule, for chronic ulcers of the duodenum. Choice of an adequate kind of treatment of these patients still remains an actual problem. The authors have obtained convincing data of good results of conservative treatment of patients with peptic ulcer of the anastomosis. However, surgery is considered to be the main method of treatment of this category of patients. Its success depends upon the correct detection of causes of the disease and use of the pathogenetically substantiated surgical interventions aimed at eradication of etiological factors.

[The effect of a paravertebral novocaine block on acid formation in the stomach]. / Vliianie paravertebral'noi novokainovoi blokady na kislotoobrazovanie v zheludke.

The dependence of acid-formation in the stomach on the blockade of sympathetic innervation of the acid-formation area was investigated in 38 patients in whom the paravertebral novocaine blockade was made at the ThVII-ThIX level in order to cup off the pain syndrome. The control group included 7 patients without diseases of the organs of the hepato-pancreatico-duodenal zone. This blockade was found to sharply increase the basal acid-formation in healthy people. In patients with the high acid-formation it leads to greater elevation of acidity. It was shown that the disturbed functional balance between two parts of the vegetative nervous system responsible for the acid-formation function of the stomach was one of the causes of higher acid formation in patients with peptic ulcer of the gastroenterostomy and with chronic ulcer of the duodenum. It seems to be reasonable to investigate disturbances of the function of sympathetic innervation of the acid-formation area of the stomach for determining the optimum volume of surgical interventions in such patients.

[The hemostatic effect of vagotomy in acute gastroduodenal ulcers complicated by massive hemorrhage]. / Gemostaticheskii éffekt vagotomii pri ostrykh gastroduodenal'nykh iazvakh, oslozhnennykh massivnym krovotecheniem.

The clinico-experimental investigation has shown high efficiency of the bilateral subdiaphragmatic truncal vagotomy in treatment of patients with acute gastroduodenal ulcers complicated by massive hemorrhage. The haemostatic effect of the operation is related to the inhibited acid gastric secretion, proteolytic activity of the intragastric content as well as to the activation of serotonin-containing cells and increased tonus of the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for gastric vessel spasm, shortens time of bleeding, increases the amount of thrombocytes and their aggregation. When vagotomy with interventions draining the stomach is not possible, suturing (dissection) of bleeding acute ulcers is recommended in combination with prolonged novocain blockade of vagus nerves.

Phosphorescence of protochlorophyll(ide) and chlorophyll(ide) in etiolated and greening bean leaves : Assignment of spectral bands.

The assignment is presented for the principal phosphorescence bands of protochlorophyll(ide), chlorophyllide and chlorophyll in etiolated and greening bean leaves measured at -196°C using a mechanical phosphoroscope. Protochlorophyll(ide) phosophorescence spectra in etiolated leaves consist of three bands with maxima at 870, 920 and 970 nm. Excitation spectra show that the 870 nm band belongs to the short wavelength protochlorophyll(ide), P627. The latter two bands correspond to the protochlorophyll(ide) forms, P637 and P650. The overall quantum yield for P650 phosphorescence in etiolated leaves is near to that in solutions of monomeric protochlorophyll, indicating a rather high efficiency of the protochlorophyll(ide) triplet state formation in frozen plant material. Short-term (2-20 min) illumination of etiolated leaves at the temperature range from -30 to 20°C leads to the appearance of new phosphorescence bands at about 990-1000 and 940 nm. Judging from excitation and emission spectra, the former band belongs to aggregated chlorophyllide, the latter one, to monomeric chlorophyll or chlorophyllide. This indicates that both monomeric and aggregated pigments are formed at this stage of leaf greening. After preillumination for 1 h at room temperature, chlorophyll phosphorescence predominates. The spectral maximum of this phosphorescence is at 955-960 nm, the lifetime is about 2 ms, and the maximum of the excitation spectrum lies at 668 nm. Further greening leads to a sharp drop of the chlorophyll phosphorescence intensity and to a shift of the phosphorescence maximum to 980 nm, while the phosphorescence lifetime and a maximum of the phosphorescence excitation spectrum remains unaltered. The data suggest that chlorophyll phosphorescence belongs to the short wavelength, newly synthesized chlorophyll, not bound to chloroplast carotenoids. Thus, the phosphorescence measurement can be efficiently used to study newly formed chlorophyll and its precursors in etiolated and greening leaves and to address various problems arising in the analysis of chlorophyll biosynthesis.

[Circahoral rhythms of the skin biopotentials outside of digestion and their relationship to the periodic motility of the gastrointestinal tract]. / Okolochasovye ritmy kozhnykh biopotentsialov vne pishchevareniia i ikh otnoshenie k periodicheskoi motorike zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta.

Circahoral rhythms of the skin surface potentials recorded simultaneously with periodic motor activity of stomach in 4 dogs and 7 healthy subjects revealed the rhythms to be an electrophysiological equivalent of the latter in dogs. A "migration" of the group potentials in a certain spatial-temporal sequence was observed among the leads. It corresponded to the cycles of periodic motor activity of the stomach in dogs. The circahoral rhythms are a major topic for research in humans, too.

[Characteristics of periodic motility of the upper portion of the jejunum in rabbits]. / Osobennosti periodicheskoi motoriki verkhnego otdela toshchei kishki u krolikov.

Proximal jejunal motility was studied balloonographically in rabbits devoid of food and in properly fed animals. Three phases of jejunal motor activity were revealed: the resting phase, irregular contraction phase and rhythmic phase. It was found that the regularity of rhythmic phase onset was not stable. The rate of continuous contractions during rhythmic phase and the rate of interrupted contractions during irregular phase coincided and were relatively constant. The feeding did not affect the rate of contractions during rhythmic and irregular phases, but increased the duration of the rhythmic phase.

[Rhythms of the digestive system and the body's biological clocks]. / Ritmy pishchevaritel'noi sistemy i biologicheskie "chasy" organizma.

A hierarchic system of short-period rhythms are supposed to exist in the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT). A periodical activity (PA) of the GIT was considered from the standpoint of its role in the control of intraintestinal transit. A hypothesis is proposed concerning the structure and mechanism of the PA rhythm clock. The daily interaction of own rhythms of the enterometa-sympathetic system with the food intake triggers the intramuscular oscillator, two physiologically significant signals of which (filling up of the stomach and transit to the colon) are under the control of higher nervous centers. On the basis of the intramuscular oscillator, a central also double one, is formed, and a mutual neuro-humoral interaction is established between them. Significance of this mechanism is emphasized not only for the GIT activity but as a "timer" for ultraradian rhythms as well.

Cortico-visceral interrelationships during periodic activity of the stomach.

In chronic experiments on five dogs with stomach fistulas and bipolar electrodes (6-8 pairs) symmetrically implanted in the cranial bones we recorded simultaneously the activity of the stomach balloonographically and the electroencephalogram using the Nikhon Koden encephalograph with automatic analysis of the frequency spectrum within five ranges: 2-4, 4-8, 8-12, 12-20, and 20-30 oscill/sec. The correlation between the frequency spectrum of the EEG and the phases of periodic activity (PA) cycles of the stomach in the form of a regular shift in the predominance of fast (during contraction periods) or slow (during resting periods) components and its changes under the influence of atropine and food stimulants have been described. The EEG complexes typical of periods of contraction or resting are regarded as cortical correlates of the PA under conditions of good adaptation of the animals to the experimental situation. The changes in the correlation under conditions of actions used indicate a firmer association between the PA EEG correlates with other components of the PA rather than with the motor function of the stomach.

[Molecular organization of pheophytin a in aqueous solutions of detergents]. / Molekuliarnaia organizatsiia feofitina a v vodnykh rastvorakh detergentov.

Absorption, fluorescence and excitation fluorescence spectra of pheophytin a have been measured in aqueous solutions of nonionic (Triton X-100), anionic (sodium lauryl sulphate) and cationic (Cetyl pyridinium chloride) detergents at different concentrations and pH after system relaxation. By measuring the second derivative and differential spectra, it has been shown, that if detergent concentrations are lower than critical micelles concentration, or if the detergent is completely absent, the pigment forms conglomerates containing both dimeric and monomeric forms with an efficient energy transfer between them. If detergent concentrations are higher than critical micelles concentration, pheophytin a localizes in detergent micelle in monomeric form at neutral and acidic pH, and allomerizes at alkaline pH. The spectral characteristics of pheophytin a dimers in the conglomerate and its monomers in micelles poorly (if at all) depend on the sign of the detergent molecule charge.

[Electrical activity of the cerebral cortex in fasting dogs with preserved and disordered gastric innervation]. / Elektricheskaia aktivnost' kory mozga u golodnykh sobak s sokhranennoi i narushennoi innervatsiei zheludka.

Chronic experiments on 6 hungry dogs were made to record the motor periodicity of the stomach from fistulas in the fundal area and the electrocorticograms (ECoG) from bipolar electrodes implanted into cranial bones. Five months before experiments 2 dogs of the six were subjected to selective distal vagotomy. Analysis of 700 ECoGs allowed the conclusion to be made that apart from stereotyped periodicity of the frequency spectrum of the ECoG according to the phases of gastric motor periodicity cycles, in each successive cycle there add up unique compositions of 5 main ECoG frequencies, which do not recur in other cycles (within the range from 2 to 30 Hz) consequent on the asymmetry in electric activity of the right and left hemisphere cortex and on the phenomenon of migrating wave activation. Denervation of the gastroduodenal zone organs leads to substantial restitution and destabilization of the frequency spectrum of the ECoG, disorders in the regulation of migrating wave activation. It is suggested that the features of the ECoG described are linked with the enterogastric mechanisms of hunger motivation.

[Functional and structural changes in the small intestine during experimental hypercholesteremia]. / Funktsional'nye i strukturnye sdvigi v tonkoi kishke v dinamike éksperimental'noi giperkholesterinemii.

Functional and structural changes that occurred in the small intestine and liver of rabbits with alimentary hypercholesterolemia have been studied. Maximal rise of peripheral blood cholesterol after a single exposure to cholesterol was coupled with an increased penetration of chylomicrons and low and very low density lipoproteins from the intestine to the circulation. The decrease of cholesterol excretion along the whole length of the small intestine was accompanied by activation of the release of high density lipoproteins into the blood outflowing from the intestine. The decay of chylomicrons in the liver was restricted during the first days of hypercholesterolemia. Cholesterol concentration in the bile was decreased. The microvessels of the small intestine demonstrated the dilatation of the postcapillary-venular component erythrocyte aggregates and capillarostases.