[Empagliflozin and heart failure: position paper of the experts on the results of the online meeting and discussion of the EMPEROR-Preserved Trial].

At an international online expert meeting held on September 16, 2021, the results of the empagliflozin research program EMPA-REG Outcome, EMPEROR-Reduced and EMPEROR-Preserved were reviewed. We analyzed cardiovascular and renal outcomes during the treatment with empagliflozin in patients with chronic heart failure, regardless of the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The positive results of the EMPEROR-Preserved study are updated and their significance for clinical practice is discussed. Several proposals have been adopted that will accelerate the introduction of empagliflozin therapy into practice in patients with heart failure and overcome clinical inertia.

Experimental Cardiomyogenesis Under Conditions of Administration of Different Doses of the Allogeneic Biomaterial.

We studied the effect of different concentrations of the allogeneic biotransplant on myocardial recovery. In Wistar rats, coronary artery was ligated and intramyocardial injection of 12 or 24 mg Alloplant biomaterial suspension was performed. Histological analysis was conducted on paraffin sections stained by Mallory. The index of the scar area was measured on preparations of transverse sections of the hearts. Allogeneic biomaterial produced cardioprotective and regenerative effect in the myocardium damaged by ischemia. After administration of Alloplant in a dose of 12 mg, the index of scar area decreased by 2.74 times; after doubling the Alloplant dose (24 mg), the index of scar area decreased by 26 times.

[Probable sources of endothelial cells circulating in blood].

The aim of study was to determine the probable sources of circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and establish the role of both VE-cadherin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in molecular mechanism of endothelium desquamation using the hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome as the model of endothelium injury. Autopsy pieces of kidney, liver, lung, brain, stomach and myocardium taken from 10 patients were studied histologically. Quantitative measurement of CECs was performed by the method developed by J. Hladovec (1978). Blood levels of VE-cadherin and VEGF were determined by ELISA method. Predominant sources CECs were found to be macro- and microvessels of kidney, liver, lung, brain, gastric mucous membrane, myocardium and, possibly - brain vessels. One of the molecular mechanism of endothelium desquamation is VEGF-stimulated internalization of VE-cadherin.

[Ultrastructure of macrophages detected after implantation of the Alloplant allogenic biomaterial].

The ultrastructure of macrophages detected in rats after subcutaneous implantation of the dispersed allogenic Alloplant biomaterial was studied. It was found that with the Alloplant biomaterial implantation the conditions were created promoting the concentration and complete maturation of different macrophage subpopulations. Their functional activity and interaction with other cellular populations result in complete regeneration of the connective tissue. The data obtained confirm the concept of main regulatory role of macrophages in the intercellular interactions during tissue repair and support the hypothesis of bicomponent mechanism of collagen fiber formation in the place of the Alloplant biomaterial implantation.

The role of macrophages in the tissues regeneration stimulated by the biomaterials.

Allogenic grafted tissues are subjected to biodegradation and replaced by the regenerate. To minimize the immune response and improve the rebuilding of tissues there was developed a technology to treat tissues with a cells elimination and dosed out extraction of proteoglycanes (Alloplant. With aim to clarify the role of macrophages in the tissues regeneration resulting implantation the biomaterials 112 rats were injected the allogenic and xenogenic (rabbit's) pulverized biomaterials in the form of suspension. Injections were performed subcutaneously into the animals' back by the base of the tail. The control group (14 rats) were injected a physiologic saline. Animals were killed by ether inhalation on day 2, 4, 7, 14, 30, 90 and 180 and tissue sections were studied by light and electron microscopy. The study showed the key role of the macrophages in resorption of the allogenic biomaterial and formation of the newly-formed tissue. Implantation of the biomaterial induced activity a great number of the mature macrophages, which completely lysed and resorbed the biomaterial particles. Expression TNFalpha was significantly higher whereas expression TGF-beta1 was significantly lower. With xenogenic biomaterial implantation there were less macrophages, their activity was restricted. Macrophages containing large vacuoles with an active endo- and exocytosis were revealed in the allogenic biomaterial implantation and were named 'matrix-forming macrophages'. We may suppose that these macrophages synthesize (or re-synthesize) proteoglycan component of the newly-formed collagen fibers. There was put forward a hypothesis about the two component mechanism of the collagen fibers formation.

[Structure of electrochemically reduced adenine nucleotides. Their interaction with inorganic phosphate]. / Osobennosti struktury élektrokhimicheski vosstanovlennykh adeninnukleotidov. Ikh vzaimodeistvie s neorganicheskim fosfatom

The stable reduced form of adenosine phosphates has probably cyclic or dimeric structure of the type: adenine "head"--phosphate "end". Inorganic phosphate produce a stabilyzing effect on reduced adenosine due to a strong ionic interaction with the amino group. In the case of reduced ADP, inorganic phosphate can incorporate into adenine nucleotide, which oxidation results in the formation of small amounts of ATP. A scheme of possible mechanism of this process is given.

[Comparative study of the biological activity of tetracycline hydrochloride and morphocycline by using reverse turbidimetry]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie biologicheskoi aktivnosti tetratsiklina gidrokhlorida i morfotsiklina metodom obratnoi turbidimetrii

The method of back turbidimetry was used for determination of the biological activity of the antibiotics, since high turbidity of the nutrient medium with Staph. aureus as the testculture prevented from direct measurements. Broth containing phosphate buffer, Staph. aureus and definite concentrations of the antibiotic was used as the reference solution. The experiments showed that the differences in the biological activities of tetracycline hydrochloride and morphocycline may be found with the method of back turbidimetry 6-8 hours after the microbe cultivation on media with the antibiotics.