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BACKGROUND: Small bowel adenocarcinoma is a rare disease. The genomic profiling tumours according to clinical characteristics and its impact on the prognosis remains unclear. METHODS: A pooled analysis of clinical data, genomic profiling and MisMatch Repair (MMR) status from three databases was performed. RESULTS: A total of 188 tumour samples were analysed. A predisposing disease was reported in 22.3%, mainly Lynch syndrome and Crohn's disease. The tumours were localized in 80.2% and metastatic in 18.8%. The most frequent mutations were KRAS (42.0%) among them 7/79 are G12C, TP53 (40.4%), APC (19.1%), PIK3CA (18.6%), SMAD4 (12.8%) and ERBB2 (9.6%). Mutation distribution differed according to predisposing disease for TP53, ERBB2, IDH1, FGFR3, FGFR1 and KDR. KRAS and SMAD4 mutations were more frequent in metastatic tumour, whereas ERBB2 mutations were absent in metastatic tumour. For localized tumour, APC mutation was independently associated with a poor overall survival (OS) (p = 0.0254). 31.8% of localized tumours and 11.3% of metastatic tumours were dMMR (29.8% of the entire cohort). A dMMR status was associated with a better OS (HR = 0.61 [0.39-0.96], p = 0.0316). CONCLUSIONS: There is a different genomic profile according to the stage and predisposing disease. dMMR and APC mutation in localized tumour predict a better prognosis.
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Adenocarcinoma , Neoplasias Intestinales , Mutación , Humanos , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Neoplasias Intestinales/genética , Neoplasias Intestinales/patología , Neoplasias Intestinales/mortalidad , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Intestino Delgado/patología , Adulto , Pronóstico , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Reparación de la Incompatibilidad de ADN/genéticaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: While perioperative chemotherapy provides a survival benefit over surgery alone in gastric and gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinomas, the results need to be improved. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of perioperative cetuximab combined with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients received six cycles of cetuximab, cisplatin, and simplified LV5FU2 before and after surgery. The primary objective was a combined evaluation of the tumor objective response (TOR), assessed by computed tomography, and the absence of major toxicities resulting in discontinuation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) (45% and 90%, respectively). RESULTS: From 2011 to 2013, 65 patients were enrolled. From 64 patients evaluable for the primary endpoint, 19 (29.7%) had a morphological TOR and 61 (95.3%) did not stop NCT prematurely due to major toxicity. Sixty patients (92.3%) underwent resection. Sixteen patients (/56 available, 28.5%) had histological responses (Mandard tumor regression grade ≤3). After a median follow-up of 44.5 months, median disease-free and overall survival were 24.4 [95% CI: 16.4-39.4] and 40.3 months [95% CI: 27.5-NA], respectively. CONCLUSION: Adding cetuximab to the NCT regimen in operable G/GEJ adenocarcinomas is safe, but did not show enough efficacy in the present study to meet the primary endpoint (NCT01360086).
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BACKGROUND: Around 50% of gastric cancers are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Several chemotherapy regimens are now internationally validated. Few data are available on the routine daily management of advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancers. We aimed to describe chemotherapy practices, tolerance, and efficacy overall survival (OS) and Progression free survival (PFS) in a prospective French cohort. METHODS: Patients starting palliative chemotherapy were prospectively enrolled in 49 French centres. The primary objective was to report and describe patients' characteristics and treatment strategies. Secondary objectives were OS, PFS, objective response rate, adverse events rate, performance status deterioration during the chemotherapy. RESULTS: A total of 182 patients were included; 179 were analysed. Most patients received platinium-based chemotherapy as the first treatment and FOLFIRI as second; 62.0% of patients received a second line, and 32.4% a third line. More than two thirds of Her2-positive patients were first treated with trastuzumab. The FOLFIRI regimen was the most frequently used second-line therapy. Median OS was 13.3 months, similar whatever the chemotherapy or combinations used in the first line. One- and 2-year OS increased with the number of chemotherapy lines received, from respectively 24.7% and 5.7% (1 line), to 46.9% and 12.4% (2 lines) and 88.1% and 29.9% (3 or more lines) (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that treatment strategies in France are based on a succession of doublets, making it possible to offer a second and third line of treatment more often. This treatment strategy must be taken into account for future trials with immunotherapy combinations.
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Adenocarcinoma , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Estudios Prospectivos , Unión Esofagogástrica , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversosRESUMEN
After failure of first line FOLFOX-bevacizumab for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), adding either bevacizumab or aflibercept to second-line FOLFIRI increases survival compared to FOLFIRI alone. In this French retrospective multicentre cohort, we included patients with a mCRC treated with either FOLFIRI-aflibercept or FOLFIRI-bevacizumab. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), disease control rate (DCR: CR + PR + SD) and safety. We included 681 patients from 36 centers, 326 and 355 in the aflibercept and bevacizumab groups, respectively. Median age was 64.2 years and 45.2% of patients were men. Most patients had RAS-mutated tumors (80.8%) and synchronous metastases (85.7%). After a median follow up of 31.2 months, median OS was 13.0 months (95% CI: 11.3-14.7) and 10.4 months (95% CI: 8.8-11.4) in the bevacizumab and aflibercept groups, respectively (P < .0001). Median PFS was 6.0 months (95% CI: 5.4-6.5) and 5.1 months (95% CI: 4.3-5.6) (P < .0001). After adjustment on age, PS, PFS of first line, primary tumor resection, metastasis location and RAS/BRAF status, bevacizumab was still associated with better OS (HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.59-0.86, P = .0003). FOLFIRI-bevacizumab combination was associated with longer OS and PFS, and a better tolerability, as compared to FOLFIRI-aflibercept after progression on FOLFOX-bevacizumab.
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Camptotecina , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Bevacizumab/efectos adversos , Camptotecina/efectos adversos , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Femenino , Fluorouracilo/efectos adversos , Humanos , Leucovorina/efectos adversos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas B-raf , Receptores de Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular , Proteínas Recombinantes de FusiónRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: In patients with unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer (CRCLM), systemic doublet or triplet chemotherapy and targeted therapy is considered a standard first-line treatment. Hepatic arterial infusion of oxaliplatin (HAI-ox) generates a high response rate, but this still needs to be confirmed in a randomized trial. We incorporated HAI-ox in doublet or triplet + targeted therapy to validate its efficacy. AIM: The OSCAR study is an ongoing randomized phase III trial comparing FOLFOX + targeted therapy according to RAS status, or FOLFOXIRI + bevacizumab in patients eligible for triplet therapy, with the same regimen but with HAI-ox instead of IV-ox as the first-line treatment for CRCLM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Main eligibility criteria are colorectal cancer, unresectable liver metastasis, no extra-hepatic metastases except pulmonary nodules if ≤3 and <10 mm, ECOG performance status 0 or 1. ENDPOINT: The primary endpoint is progression-free survival (PFS). A difference of 4 months for the median PFS in favor of HAI-ox is expected (HR = 0.73). Secondary endpoints include overall survival, overall response rate, secondary liver resection, safety, and quality of life. CONCLUSION: This study is planned to include 348 patients to demonstrate the superiority of HAI-ox over systemic oxaliplatin in first-line CRCLM treatment (NCT02885753).
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Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Bevacizumab/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Oxaliplatino/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Fluorouracilo/administración & dosificación , Arteria Hepática , Humanos , Infusiones Intraarteriales , Leucovorina/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundario , Compuestos Organoplatinos/administración & dosificación , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPC) still harbors a dismal prognosis. Our previous trial (PRODIGE 4-ACCORD 11) demonstrated the superiority of 6-month chemotherapy with fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) over gemcitabine for overall survival. The high limiting oxaliplatin-related neurotoxicity supports the evaluation of an oxaliplatin stop-and-go strategy and a sequential strategy in mPC. METHODS: In this phase II study, patients were randomly assigned to receive either 6 months of FOLFIRINOX (arm A), 4 months of FOLFIRINOX followed by leucovorin plus fluorouracil maintenance treatment for controlled patients (arm B), or a sequential treatment alternating gemcitabine and fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan every 2 months (arm C). The primary end point was progression-free survival at 6 months. RESULTS: Between January 2015 and November 2016, 276 patients (mean age: 63 years; range: 40-76 years) were enrolled (A: 91, B: 92, and C: 90). Grade 3 or 4 neurotoxicity occurred in 10.2% of patients in arm A and 19.8% in arm B. The median ratio of received dose/targeted dose of oxaliplatin was 83% in arm A and 92% in arm B. The 6-month progression-free survival was 47.1% in A, 42.9% in B, and 34.1% in C. The median overall survival was 10.1 months in arm A, 11.2 in arm B, and 7.3 in arm C. Median survival without deterioration in quality-of-life scores was higher in the maintenance arm (11.4 months) than in arms A and C (7.2 and 7.5 months, respectively). CONCLUSION: Maintenance with leucovorin plus fluorouracil appears to be feasible and effective in patients with mPC controlled after 4 months of induction chemotherapy with FOLFIRINOX. Severe neurotoxicity was higher in the maintenance therapy arm, probably because of the higher cumulative dose of oxaliplatin.
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Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Anciano , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Fluorouracilo/administración & dosificación , Fluorouracilo/efectos adversos , Fluorouracilo/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Irinotecán/efectos adversos , Irinotecán/uso terapéutico , Leucovorina/administración & dosificación , Leucovorina/efectos adversos , Leucovorina/uso terapéutico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Oxaliplatino/efectos adversos , Oxaliplatino/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Calidad de VidaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The use of chemotherapy (CT) near the end-of-life (EOL) is an important issue in oncology since it could degrade quality of life. CT near EOL is still poorly studied, with no dedicated study in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer patients. AIM: To analyze in GI cancer patients the factors associated with the use of CT within 3- and 1-month before patients' death. METHODS AND PARTICIPANTS: All consecutive patients who died from a GI cancer in 10 French tertiary care hospitals during 2014 were included in this retrospective study. Clinical, demographical and biological data were collected and compared between patients receiving or not CT within 3- and 1-month before death. Variables associated with overall survival (OS) was also determined using of univariate and multivariate analyses with a Cox model. RESULTS: Four hundred and thirty-seven patients with a metastatic GI cancer were included in this study. Among them, 293â¯pts (67.0%) received CT within 3-months before death, and 121â¯pts (27.7%) received CT within 1-month before death. Patients receiving CT within 3-months before death were significantly younger (median age: 65.5 vs 72.8 years, pâ¯<â¯0.0001), with a better PS (PS 0 or 1: 53.9 vs 29.3%, pâ¯<â¯0.0001) and a higher albumin level (median: 32.8 vs 31.0â¯g/L, pâ¯=â¯0.048). Similar results were found for CT within 1 month before death. Palliative care team intervention was less frequent in patients who received CT in their last month of life (39.7% vs 51.3%, pâ¯=â¯0.02). In multivariate analysis, median OS from diagnosis was shorter in the group receiving CT within 1-month before death (HRâ¯=â¯0.59; 95% CI [0.48-0.74]). CONCLUSION: In GI-cancer patients, CT is administered within 3- and 1-month before death, in two and one third of patients, respectively. Patients receiving CT within 1-month before death, had more aggressive disease with poor OS. Palliative care team intervention was associated with less administration of CT in the last month of life. These results highlight the need to better anticipate the time to stop CT treatment in the end-of-life and the importance of an active collaboration between oncology and palliative care teams.
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Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias Gastrointestinales , Cuidado Terminal , Anciano , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Gastrointestinales/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
AIM: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has proven valuable in locally advanced resectable colon cancer (CC) but its effect on oncological outcomes is uncertain. The aim of the present paper was to report 3-year oncological outcomes, representing the secondary endpoints of the PRODIGE 22 trial. METHOD: PRODIGE 22 was a randomized multicentre phase II trial in high-risk T3, T4 and/or N2 CC patients on CT scan. Patients were randomized between 6 months of adjuvant FOLFOX (upfront surgery) or perioperative FOLFOX (four cycles before surgery and eight cycles after; FOLFOX perioperative). In wild-type RAS patients, a third arm testing perioperative FOLFOX-cetuximab was added. The primary endpoint was the tumour regression grade. Secondary endpoints were 3-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), recurrence-free survival (RFS) and time to recurrence (TTR). RESULTS: Overall, 120 patients were enrolled. At interim analysis, the FOLFOX-cetuximab arm was stopped for futility. The remaining 104 patients represented our intention-to-treat population. In the perioperative group, 96% received the scheduled four neoadjuvant cycles and all but one had adjuvant FOLFOX for eight cycles. In the control arm, 38 (73%) patients received adjuvant FOLFOX. The median follow-up was 54.3 months. Three-year OS was 90.4% in both arms [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.85], 3-year DFS, RFS and TTR were, respectively, 76.8% and 69.2% (HR=0.94), 73% and 69.2% (HR = 0.86) and 82% and 72% (HR = 0.67) in the perioperative and control arms, respectively. Forest plots did not show any subgroup with significant difference for survival outcomes. No benefit from adding cetuximab was observed. CONCLUSION: Perioperative FOLFOX has no detrimental effect on long-term oncological outcomes and may be an option for some patients with locally advanced CC.
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Neoplasias del Colon , Terapia Neoadyuvante , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Neoplasias del Colon/tratamiento farmacológico , Fluorouracilo/uso terapéutico , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Leucovorina/uso terapéutico , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Compuestos Organoplatinos/uso terapéutico , PronósticoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Brain metastases (BMs) from colorectal cancer (CRC) are rare (≈2%) but are increasing with the improvement of CRC prognosis. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic factors of BM from CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This multicenter retrospective study included all consecutive patients with BM from CRC diagnosed between 2000 and 2017. THEORY/CALCULATION: Prognostic factors of OS were evaluated in univariate (log-rank test) and multivariate analyses (Cox regression model). These prognostic factors could help the management of patients with BM from CRC. RESULTS: A total of 358 patients were included with a median age of 65.5 years. Primary tumors were mostly located in the rectum (42.4%) or left colon (37.2%) and frequently KRAS-mutated (56.9%). The median time from metastatic CRC diagnosis to BM diagnosis was 18.5 ± 2.5 months. BMs were predominantly single (56.9%) and only supratentorial (54.4%). BM resection was performed in 33.0% of the cases and 73.2% of patients had brain radiotherapy alone or after surgery. Median OS was 5.1 ± 0.3 months. In multivariate analysis, age under 65 years, ECOG performance status 0-1, single BM and less than 3 chemotherapy lines before BM diagnosis were associated with better OS. Prognostic scores, i.e. recursive partitioning analysis (RPA), Graded Prognostic Assessment (GPA), Disease Specific-Graded Prognostic Assessment (DS-GPA), Gastro-Intestinal-Graded Prognostic Assessment (GI-GPA) and the nomogram were statistically significantly associated with OS but the most relevant prognosis criteria seemed the ECOG performance status 0-1. CONCLUSIONS: ECOG performance status, number of BM and number of chemotherapy lines are the most relevant factors in the management of patients with BM from CRC.
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Neoplasias Encefálicas , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Radiocirugia , Anciano , Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirugía , Humanos , Pronóstico , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: A surveillance program was performed in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients after surgery, to diagnose asymptomatic recurrence. AIMS: To assess whether 18-FDG positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) improved the detection of recurrence during a 3-year follow-up. METHODS: A multicentre, two-arm randomised prospective trial comparing different 36-month follow-up strategies. Complete colonoscopy was performed at baseline and after 3 years and clinical exams with imaging every 3 months. The conventional arm (A) received carcinoembryonic antigen, liver echography, and alternated between lung radiography and computed tomography (CT) scans. The experimental arm (B) received PET/CT. RESULTS: A total of 365 patients with colon (79.4%) or rectal cancer (20.6%), stages II (48.2%) or III (50.8%), were enroled in this study. At 36 months, intention-to-treat analysis revealed recurrence in 31 (17.2%) patients in arm A and 47 (25.4%) in arm B (pâ¯=â¯0.063). At 3 years, 7 of 31 relapses (22.5%) in arm A were surgically treated with curative intent, compared to 17 of 47 (36.2%) in arm B (pâ¯=â¯0.25). The rates of recurrence and new cancers were higher in arm B than arm A (pâ¯=â¯0.038). CONCLUSIONS: PET/CT follow-up every 6 months did not increase the rate of recurrence at 3 years or the rate of surgically treated recurrence compared with conventional follow-up.
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Antígeno Carcinoembrionario/sangre , Neoplasias Colorrectales/diagnóstico por imagen , Fluorodesoxiglucosa F18 , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones/métodos , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Neoplasias Colorrectales/sangre , Neoplasias Colorrectales/cirugía , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Francia , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/epidemiología , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
Small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is a rare tumour. Large genomic analyses with prognostic assessments are lacking. The NADEGE cohort has enrolled 347 patients with all stage SBA from 2009 to 2012. Next-generation sequencing investigates the presence of 740 hotspot somatic mutations in a panel of 46 genes involved in carcinogenesis. The mismatch repair (MMR) status was assessed by immunochemistry. We have collected 196 tumour samples and 125 had conclusive results for mutation analysis. The number of mutations was 0 in 9.6% of tumours, only 1 in 32.0%, 2 in 26.4% and ≥3 in 32.0%. Overall, at least one genomic alteration was observed in 90.4% of tumour. The most frequent genomic alteration was in KRAS (44.0%), TP53 (38.4%), PIK3CA (20.0%), APC (18.4%), SMAD4 (14.4%) and ERBB2 (7.2%) genes. KRAS mutations were more frequent in synchronous metastatic tumours than in localised tumours (72.7% vs 38.2%, P = .003). There was no significant difference in the mutation rates according to primary location for the most frequently altered gene. ATM, FGFR3 and FGFR1 gene alterations were associated with Lynch syndrome and IDH1 mutations with Crohn disease. dMMR tumours were associated with younger age, localised tumours, less KRAS but more SMARCB1 mutations. No genomic alteration was associated with overall survival. There is a trend for better survival in patient with dMMR tumours. In conclusion, there is a different genomic alteration profile in SBA according to predisposing diseases. No association between genomic alterations and prognoses was observed except for a trend of better prognoses associated with dMMR.
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Adenocarcinoma/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Reparación de la Incompatibilidad de ADN/genética , Enfermedades Raras/genética , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidad , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Proteína de la Poliposis Adenomatosa del Colon/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Proteínas de la Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutada/genética , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasa Clase I/genética , Estudios de Cohortes , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorrectales/mortalidad , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Femenino , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mutación , Pronóstico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas p21(ras)/genética , Enfermedades Raras/metabolismo , Enfermedades Raras/patología , Receptor ErbB-2/genética , Receptor Tipo 1 de Factor de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/genética , Receptor Tipo 3 de Factor de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/genética , Proteína Smad4/genética , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genéticaRESUMEN
Small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is a rare tumour. We conducted a prospective cohort to describe the prevalence, survival and prognostic factors in unselected SBA patients. The study enrolled patients with all stages of newly diagnosed or recurrent SBA at 74 French centres between January 2009 and December 2012. In total, 347 patients were analysed; the median age was 63 years (range 23-90). The primary tumour was in the duodenum (60.6%), jejunum (20.7%) and ileum (18.7%). The prevalence of predisposing disease was 8.7%, 6.9%, 1.7%, 1.7% and 0.6% for Crohn disease, Lynch syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, celiac disease and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, respectively. At diagnosis, 58.9%, 5.5% and 35.6% of patients had localised and resectable, locally advanced unresectable and metastatic disease, respectively. Crohn disease was significantly associated with younger age, poor differentiation and ileum location, whereas Lynch syndrome with younger age, poor differentiation, early stage and duodenum location. Adjuvant chemotherapy (oxaliplatin-based in 89.9%) was performed in 61.5% of patients with locally resected tumours. With a 54-months median follow-up, the 5-year overall survival (OS) was 87.9%, 78.2% and 55.5% in Stages I, II and III, respectively. The median OS of patients with Stage IV was 12.7 months. In patients with resected tumours, poor differentiation (p = 0.047) and T4 stage (p = 0.001) were associated with a higher risk of death. In conclusion, our study showed that the prognosis of advanced SBA remains poor. Tumour characteristics differed according to predisposing disease. In SBA-resected tumours, the prognostic factors for OS were grade and T stage.
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Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Intestinales/diagnóstico , Intestino Delgado/patología , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiología , Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Francia/epidemiología , Humanos , Neoplasias Intestinales/epidemiología , Neoplasias Intestinales/terapia , Intestino Delgado/efectos de los fármacos , Intestino Delgado/cirugía , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Prevalencia , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) and/or microsatellite instability-high (MSI) colorectal cancers (CRC) represent about 5% of metastatic CRC (mCRC). Prognosis and chemosensitivity of dMMR/MSI mCRC remain unclear. This multicenter study included consecutive patients with dMMR/MSI mCRC from 2007 to 2017. The primary endpoint was the progression-free survival (PFS) in a population receiving first-line chemotherapy. Associations between chemotherapy regimen and survival were evaluated using a Cox regression model and inverse of probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) methodology in order to limit potential biases. Overall, 342 patients with dMMR/MSI mCRC were included. Median PFS and overall survival (OS) on first-line chemotherapy were 6.0 and 26.3 months, respectively. For second-line chemotherapy, median PFS and OS were 4.4 and 21.6 months. Longer PFS (8.1 vs. 5.4 months, p = 0.0405) and OS (35.1 vs. 24.4 months, p = 0.0747) were observed for irinotecan-based chemotherapy compared to oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. The association was no longer statistically significant using IPTW methodology. In multivariable analysis, anti-VEGF as compared to anti-EGFR was associated with a trend to longer OS (HR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.00-3.19, p = 0.0518), whatever the backbone chemotherapy used. Our study shows that dMMR/MSI mCRC patients experienced short PFS with first-line chemotherapy with or without targeted therapy. OS was not different according to the chemotherapy regimen used, but a trend to better OS was observed with anti-VEGF. Our study provides some historical results concerning chemotherapy in dMMR/MSI mCRC in light of the recent nonrandomized trials with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Reparación de la Incompatibilidad de ADN , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Enzimas Reparadoras del ADN/deficiencia , Enzimas Reparadoras del ADN/metabolismo , Femenino , Fluorouracilo/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Irinotecán/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Inestabilidad de Microsatélites , Persona de Mediana Edad , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Oxaliplatino/administración & dosificación , Pronóstico , Supervivencia sin Progresión , Estudios Retrospectivos , Análisis de Supervivencia , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although no data have been reported beyond second-line therapy, aflibercept is approved in this setting in many countries. We conducted a multicenter study to analyze the efficacy and safety of a aflibercept-chemotherapy regimen beyond second-line therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with aflibercept beyond second-line therapy were included. Objective response rate, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 130 patients were included. Median OS and PFS were 7.6 months (95% confidence interval, 6.2-9.3) and 3.3 months (95% confidence interval, 2.7-3.8), respectively. The best response rates were partial response 6.9%, stable disease 38.5%, progressive disease 42.5%, and not evaluable 12%. According to whether patients received previous FOLFIRI (leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin)-bevacizumab or not, OS was 7.7 and 8.1 months (P = .31), and PFS was 2.9 and 3.9 months (P = .02), respectively. Interestingly, PFS and OS were both significantly improved by 4% and 5% per month, respectively, without antiangiogenic treatment before the initiation of the aflibercept regimen. The negative effect of prior FOLFIRI-bevacizumab or shorter time since last bevacizumab was maintained in multivariate analysis for both OS and PFS. CONCLUSION: The aflibercept-chemotherapy regimen is a therapeutic option in patients with chemorefractory disease beyond second-line therapy, in particular in patients with an antiangiogenic-free interval.
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Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/administración & dosificación , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Camptotecina/análogos & derivados , Carcinoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Receptores de Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/administración & dosificación , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/efectos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Bevacizumab/administración & dosificación , Bevacizumab/efectos adversos , Camptotecina/administración & dosificación , Camptotecina/efectos adversos , Carcinoma/mortalidad , Carcinoma/secundario , Neoplasias Colorrectales/mortalidad , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Femenino , Fluorouracilo/administración & dosificación , Fluorouracilo/efectos adversos , Humanos , Leucovorina/administración & dosificación , Leucovorina/efectos adversos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Supervivencia sin Progresión , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/efectos adversos , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) pathways, which promote tumour growth and proliferation, are often deregulated in advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas. We assessed whether adding panitumumab (an EGFR inhibitor) or rilotumumab (a HGF inhibitor) to first-line fluoropyrimidine-based and platinum-based chemotherapy (modified oxaliplatin, leucovorin and fluorouracil [mFOLFOX6]) benefits to patients with advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This phase II, open-label, randomised, three-arm study enrolled patients ≥18 years, with advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-1 and no known HER2 overexpression. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1) mFOLFOX6 (oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2, leucovorin 400 mg/m2, 5-fluorouracil 400 mg/m2 bolus then 2400 mg/m2 over 46 h) alone or combined with panitumumab (6 mg/kg) or rilotumumab (10 mg/kg) every 2 weeks until limiting toxicity, patient's refusal or disease progression. The primary end-point was the 4-month progression-free survival (PFS) rate. Secondary end-points included overall survival (OS) and tolerance. RESULTS: The study enrolled 162 patients in 29 French centres. The median follow-up was 23.6 months (interquartile range = 16.4-29.0). The 4-month PFS rate was 71% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 57-82) with chemotherapy alone, 57% (95% CI = 42-71) combined with panitumumab and 61% (95% CI = 47-74) combined with rilotumumab. Median OS was 13.1 months (95% CI = 8.7-16.9) with chemotherapy alone, 8.3 months (95% CI = 6.2-13.2) combined with panitumumab and 11.5 months (95% CI = 7.9-17.1) combined with rilotumumab. Adverse events grade ≥III occurred less frequently with chemotherapy alone (62%) than with panitumumab (83%) and rilotumumab (89%). CONCLUSIONS: We found no benefit in adding panitumumab or rilotumumab to mFOLFOX6 first-line chemotherapy to treat advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: European Clinical Trials Database, number 2009-012797-12.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/administración & dosificación , Antineoplásicos Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias Esofágicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Panitumumab/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidad , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Anciano , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/efectos adversos , Antineoplásicos Inmunológicos/efectos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Neoplasias Esofágicas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patología , Femenino , Fluorouracilo/administración & dosificación , Fluorouracilo/efectos adversos , Francia , Humanos , Leucovorina/administración & dosificación , Leucovorina/efectos adversos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Compuestos Organoplatinos/administración & dosificación , Compuestos Organoplatinos/efectos adversos , Panitumumab/efectos adversos , Supervivencia sin Progresión , Neoplasias Gástricas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Aflibercept in combination with 5fluorouracil (5FU)/irinotecan improves overall survival in the secondline therapy of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). In this study, we evaluated the effects of aflibercept in firstline therapy with FOLFOX followed by maintenance with fluoropyrimidine. VELVET was a prospective, singlearm multicenter phase II study (completed). Patients with previously untreated, unresectable, evaluable or measurable mCRC, with an age ≥18 years, and an ECOG performance status of 02 received 6 cycles of modified FOLFOX7 (5FU/folinic acid and oxaliplatin) with aflibercept at 4 mg/kg every 2 weeks followed by maintenance therapy with fluoropyrimidine with aflibercept until disease progression or limiting toxicity. The reintroduction of oxaliplatin was performed at first progression. The primary endpoint was progressionfree survival (PFS) at 6 months. From May, 2013 to May, 2014, 49 patients were included and 48 were evaluable for response. In total, 33 patients (67.4%) were alive without progression at 6 months. The KaplanMeier survival 6month and 1year PFS rates were 79.1 and 36.1%, respectively, and the median PFS was 9.3 months (95% CI, 8.312.5). The objective response rate was 59.2% (N=29/49). The most common (≥10%) grade 34 adverse events were hypertension (23%), fatigue (15%), neutropenia (12%), neuropathy (12%) and stomatitis (10%). Three (6%) treatmentrelated deaths occurred: One from stroke, one from pulmonary embolism and one from neutropenic sepsis. On the whole, this study demonstrates the efficacy of aflibercept in combination with an oxaliplatinbased regimen in the firstline therapy of patients with mCRC. A strict monitoring of blood pressure and immediate management of hypertension during therapy is mandatory.
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Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Fluorouracilo/administración & dosificación , Receptores de Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/administración & dosificación , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/administración & dosificación , Administración Intravenosa , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Esquema de Medicación , Femenino , Fluorouracilo/efectos adversos , Humanos , Leucovorina/administración & dosificación , Leucovorina/efectos adversos , Quimioterapia de Mantención , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Compuestos Organoplatinos/administración & dosificación , Compuestos Organoplatinos/efectos adversos , Estudios Prospectivos , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/efectos adversos , Análisis de Supervivencia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Data are lacking with regard to curative resection of metastasis from small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA). This study evaluated outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with curatively resected metastatic SBA. METHODS: A series of 34 patients undergoing resection of metastatic SBA from January 2009 to November 2014â¯at French centers were included into this cohort study. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints were recurrence-free survival (RFS) and prognostic factors. Univariate analyses were performed to determine prognostic risk factors. RESULTS: The sites of SBA metastases were peritoneal (29.4%), liver (26.5%), lymph nodes (11.8%), lung (2.9%), multiple (14.7%), and other (14.7%). Thirty (88.2%) patients received adjuvant or perioperative chemotherapy, mainly was oxaliplatin-based (76.5%). The median OS was 28.6 months and RFS was 18.7 months. Fourteen (41.2%) patients survived for more than 36 months. In univariate analysis, poor differentiation (Pâ¯=â¯0.006), invaded margins (Pâ¯=â¯0.003), and lymphatic invasion in the primary tumor (Pâ¯=â¯0.039) were associated with decreased OS. CONCLUSION: Overall survival of patients after resection of metastatic SBA remains poor, but long-term survivors are observed. Resection of metastatic SBA should be consider if patients are expected to be operated on with curative intent and have moderately or well-differentiated tumors.
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Adenocarcinoma/cirugía , Ampolla Hepatopancreática , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos del Sistema Digestivo/métodos , Neoplasias Duodenales/cirugía , Estadificación de Neoplasias/métodos , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma/secundario , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Neoplasias Duodenales/mortalidad , Neoplasias Duodenales/patología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Francia/epidemiología , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Tomografía Computarizada por Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Tasa de Supervivencia/tendenciasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Triplet chemotherapy, with docetaxel-5FU-oxaliplatin (TEFOX), has yielded promising results in patients with advanced and operable gastric adenocarcinoma. This may prove useful in treating signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC), which is known to be chemoresistant and has a poor prognosis. We therefore evaluated TEFOX in patients with untreated advanced SRCC. METHODS: Patients with metastatic or locally advanced non-resectable SRCC were treated with TEFOX. Chemotherapy was administered every 14 days, with combined docetaxel (50 mg/m2) and oxaliplatin (85 mg/m2) followed by 5FU (2400 mg/m2). RESULTS: Among 65 patients enrolled, including 17 with linitis plastica, ORR and DCR were 66.1% and 87.6%, respectively. Median PFS and OS were 9.7 months (95% CI [6.9-11.4]) and 14.3 months (95% CI [11.6-21.6]) respectively. Twenty-six patients (40%) initially considered as unresectable had secondary resection (n = 24) or radiotherapy (n = 2) with curative intent, with median PFS and OS of 12.4 and 26.2 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: TEFOX appears to be effective as first-line treatment in advanced gastric SRCC and has an acceptable safety profile. It allowed a curative intent approach in 40% of patients. Considering the low chemosensitivity of SRCC reported with other chemotherapy regimens and pending for randomised studies, TEFOX might be an option in advanced gastric SRCC.
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Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Carcinoma de Células en Anillo de Sello/tratamiento farmacológico , Docetaxel/administración & dosificación , Oxaliplatino/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Anciano , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma de Células en Anillo de Sello/cirugía , Docetaxel/uso terapéutico , Esquema de Medicación , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oxaliplatino/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirugía , Análisis de Supervivencia , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Trastuzumab in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard first-line regimen in HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer. However, there are very few data concerning efficacy of continuing trastuzumab beyond first-line progression. METHODS: This retrospective multicenter study included all consecutive patients with HER2-positive advanced gastric or gastro-esophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma who received a second-line of chemotherapy with or without trastuzumab after progression on platinum-based chemotherapy plus trastuzumab. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated from the start of second-line chemotherapy using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using log-rank test. The prognostic variables with P values ≤ 0.05 in univariate analysis were eligible for the Cox multivariable regression model. RESULTS: From May 2010 to December 2015, 104 patients were included (median age, 60.8 years; male, 78.8%; ECOG performance status [PS] 0-1, 71.2%). The continuation (n=39) versus discontinuation (n=65) of trastuzumab beyond progression was significantly associated with an improvement of median PFS (4.4 versus 2.3 months; P=0.002) and OS (12.6 versus 6.1 months; P=0.001. In the multivariate analysis including the ECOG PS, number of metastatic sites and measurable disease, the continuation of trastuzumab beyond progression remained significantly associated with longer PFS (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.35-0.89; P=0.01) and OS (HR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.28-0.79; P=0.004). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that continuation of trastuzumab beyond progression has clinical benefit in patients with HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer. These results deserve a prospective randomized validation.
RESUMEN
PURPOSE: Perioperative chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin, with or without epirubicin, improves overall survival in resectable gastroesophageal junction and gastric adenocarcinoma. The aim of this retrospective multicenter study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of perioperative chemotherapy with a FOLFOX-based regimen. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We enrolled patients with resectable gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma, who had at least 3 cycles of a pre-operative FOLFOX-based regimen. The primary end point was the feasibility of the peri-operative chemotherapy. RESULTS: We enrolled 109 patients from 2007 to 2012 in 12 centres. Their median age was 66, 67% were men and 73% had gastric tumours. The median number of chemotherapy courses was 6 with a median of 4 pre-operative cycles and 2 post-operative cycles. Twenty-three patients received at least 8 cycles of chemotherapy. In univariate analysis, the Karnofsky index at inclusion was the only factor associated with 8 cycles of chemotherapy. An R0 resection was achieved in 100 patients (95.2%). CONCLUSION: The FOLFOX-based perioperative regimen achieves favourable results in real life practice. The optimal number of chemotherapy cycle remains to be determined. FOLFOX regimen may be used as an alternative treatment option to a cisplatin-based regimen in resectable gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. A prospective randomized trial is needed to confirm these results.