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PURPOSE: This study investigates the role and effectiveness of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in oral cancer, focusing on the clinical relevance of EGFR and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) in head and neck cancers (HNCs). It aims to explore the molecular mechanism of afatinib, a TKI, in treating human oral cancer. METHODS: We conducted an in silico analysis using databases like The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus, and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium, along with immunohistochemistry staining, to study EGFR and Mcl-1 expression in HNCs. For investigating afatinib's anticancer properties, we performed various in vitro and in vivo analyses, including trypan blue exclusion assay, Western blotting, 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR, Mitochondrial membrane potential assay, overexpression vector construction, transient transfection, and a tumor xenograft model. RESULTS: Higher expression levels of EGFR and Mcl-1 were observed in HNC patient tissues compared to normal tissues, with their co-expression significantly linked to poor prognosis. There was a strong correlation between EGFR and Mcl-1 expressions in oral cancer patients. Afatinib treatment induced apoptosis and suppressed Mcl-1 in oral cancer cell lines without the EGFR T790M mutation. The mechanism of afatinib-induced apoptosis involved the EGFR/mTOR/Mcl-1 axis, as shown by the effects of mTOR activator MHY1485 and inhibitor rapamycin. Afatinib also increased Bim expression, mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, and cytochrome c release. It significantly lowered tumor volume without affecting body, liver, and kidney weights. CONCLUSION: Afatinib, targeting the EGFR/mTOR/Mcl-1 axis, shows promise as a therapeutic strategy for oral cancer, especially in patients with high EGFR and Mcl-1 expressions.
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This study analyzed oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) genomes and transcriptomes in relation to perineural invasion (PNI) and prognosis using Cancer Genome Atlas data and validated these results with GSE41613 data. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were conducted. We identified 22 DNA mutations associated with both overall survival (OS) and PNI. Among them, TGFBR1 and RPS6KA4 mRNAs were overexpressed, while TYRO3 and GPR137 mRNAs were underexpressed in PNI patients. Among the 141 mRNA genes associated with both OS and PNI, we found overlap with PNI-related DNA mutations, including ZNF43, TEX10, TPSD1, and PSD3. In GSE41613 data, TGFBR1, RPS6KA4, TYRO3, GPR137, TEX10 and TPSD1 mRNAs were expressed differently according to the prognosis. The 22 DNA-mutated genes clustered into nervous system development, regulation of DNA-templated transcription, and transforming growth factor beta binding. GSEA analysis of mRNAs revealed upregulation of hallmarks epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), TNFα signaling via NF-κB, and IL2 STAT5 signaling. EMT upregulation aligned with the TGFBR1 DNA mutation, supporting its significance in PNI. These findings suggest a potential role of PNI genes in the prognosis of OSCC, providing insights for diagnosis and treatment of OSCC.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Neoplasias de la Boca , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Pronóstico , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Receptor Tipo I de Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta , Invasividad Neoplásica/genética , ADN , Proteínas NuclearesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Unlike conventional T cells, innate and virtual-memory CD8 T cells in naïve mice acquire their memory phenotypes and functions in the absence of antigenic encounters in a cytokine-dependent manner. The relevant cytokines include interleukin-4 (IL-4), type I interferon, and interleukin-15 (IL-15). Moreover, exogenous IL-4 can also induce de novo generation and/or expansion of the virtual-memory CD8 T cell population. In this study, we investigated whether exogenous IL-4 could enhance the immune response to a viral infection. RESULTS: In vivo administration of IL-4 and an anti-IL-4 antibody complex (IL-4C) increased CXCR3 expression in both memory and naïve phenotype CD8 T cells in the absence of antigenic stimulation, and protected mice from lethal influenza infection. Flow cytometric analysis of lung-infiltrating immune cells on day 5 after virus infection revealed higher numbers of antigen-specific and bystander CD8 T cells in IL-4C-treated mice than in control mice. In particular, the bystander CD8 T cells were a naïve or evident memory phenotypes. Crucially, an anti-CXCR3 blocking antibody abrogated this IL-4C effect, reflecting that the increased accumulation of CD8 T cells in the lungs after IL-4C treatment is dependent on CXCR3. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that exogenous IL-4C plays a protective role by enhancing CXCR3-dependent migration of CD8 T cells into influenza-infected lungs.
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BACKGROUND: Influenza A viruses (IAVs) have long posed a threat to humans, occasionally causing significant morbidity and mortality. The initial immune response is triggered by infected epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells. However, an exaggerated innate immune response can result in severe lung injury and even host mortality. One notable pathology observed in hosts succumbing to severe influenza is the excessive influx of neutrophils and monocytes into the lung. In this study, we investigated a strategy for controlling lung immunopathology following severe influenza infection. RESULTS: To evaluate the impact of innate immunity on influenza-associated lung injury, we employed CB17.SCID and NOD.SCID mice. NOD.SCID mice exhibited slower weight loss and longer survival than CB17.SCID mice following influenza infection. Lung inflammation was reduced in NOD.SCID mice compared to CB17.SCID mice. Bulk RNA sequencing analysis of lung tissue showed significant downregulation of 827 genes, and differentially expressed gene analysis indicated that the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway was predominantly downregulated in NOD.SCID mice. Interestingly, the expression of the Cxcl14 gene was higher in the lungs of influenza-infected NOD.SCID mice than in CB17.SCID mice. Therefore, we induced overexpression of the Cxcl14 gene in the lung using the adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-vector system for target gene delivery. However, when we administered the AAV9 vector carrying the Cxcl14 gene or a control AAV9 vector to BALB/c mice from both groups, the morbidity and mortality rates remained similar. Both groups exhibited lower morbidity and mortality than the naive group that did not receive the AAV9 vector prior to IAV infection, suggesting that the pre-administration of the AAV9 vector conferred protection against lethal influenza infection, irrespective of Cxcl14 overexpression. Furthermore, we found that pre-inoculation of BALB/c mice with AAV9 attenuated the infiltration of trans-macrophages, neutrophils and monocytes in the lungs following IAV infection. Although there was no difference in lung viral titers between the naive group and the AAV9 pre-inoculated group, pre-inoculation with AAV9 conferred lung injury protection against lethal influenza infection in mice. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that pre-inoculation with AAV9 prior to IAV infection protected mouse lungs from immunopathology by reducing the recruitment of inflammatory cells.
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PURPOSE: Neuropilin-2 (NRP2) is a multifunctional single-pass transmembrane receptor that binds to two disparate ligands, namely, vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and semaphorins (SEMAs). It is reportedly involved in neuronal and vascular development. In this study, we uncovered the exact functional role of NRP2 and its molecular mechanism during aggressive behaviors and lymph node (LN) metastasis in human head and neck cancer (HNC) and identified algal methanol extract as a potential novel NRP2 inhibitor. METHODS: In silico analyses and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the relationship between NRP2 expression and the prognosis of HNC patients. The functional role of NRP2 on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and cancer stem cell (CSC) properties of HNC cells was examined by MTS, soft agar, clonogenic, transwell migration and invasion assays, and sphere formation assays. Signaling explorer antibody array, western blot, and qPCR were performed toward the investigation of a molecular mechanism that is related to NRP2. RESULTS: NRP2 was highly expressed in HNC and positively correlated with LN metastasis and advanced tumor stage and size in patients. Using loss- or gain-of-function approaches, we found that NRP2 promoted the proliferative, migratory, and invasive capacities of human HNC cells. Furthermore, NRP2 regulated Sox2 expression to exhibit aggressiveness and CSC properties of human HNC cells. We demonstrated that p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (RSK1) elevates the aggressiveness and CSC properties of human HNC cells, possibly by mediating NRP2 and Sox2. Zeb1 was necessary for executing the NRP2/RSK1/Sox2 signaling pathway during the induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and aggressive behaviors of human HNC cells. Moreover, the methanol extract of Codium fragile (MECF) repressed NRP2 expression, inhibiting the RSK1/Sox2/Zeb1 axis, which contributed to the reduction of aggressive behaviors of human HNC cells. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that NRP2 is a critical determinant in provoking EMT and aggressive behaviors in human HNC through the RSK1/Sox2/Zeb1 axis, and MECF may have the potential to be a novel NRP2 inhibitor for treating metastasis in HNC patients.
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Phenotypic markers that denote different developmental stages of thymocytes are important for understanding T cell development in the thymus. Here, we show that CD1b is a critical discriminator of thymocyte maturation stage in cynomolgus monkeys. CD1b was expressed by immature thymocytes prior to ß-selection, and its expression decreased as cells became fully mature in the thymus. MHC-I expression was lowest at the CD3loCD1b+ immature double-positive (DP) stage, while the ratio of CD1d:MHC-I expression was significantly higher at this stage than at other developmental stages. PLZF was expressed by < 0.2% of thymocytes; most PLZF+ thymocytes were CD3-/loCD1b+ immature DP thymocytes with the potential to produce IL-4. EOMES+ thymocytes, which accounted for > 2% of total thymocytes, were mostly CD3+CD1b- mature thymocytes and predominantly of the CD8 single-positive (SP) lineage. An unconventional CD8+ T cell subset expressing the NKG2AC+CXCR3+ innate-like T cell marker was identified within the EOMES+ CD8 SP lineage; these cells exhibited a memory phenotype. Taken together, these findings show that CD1b is a valuable discriminatory marker of thymocyte development. The data presented herein can be used to characterize the features of PLZF- and EOMES-associated unconventional T cells in the thymus.
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Timocitos , Timo , Animales , Macaca fascicularis , Diferenciación Celular , GlicoproteínasRESUMEN
Trauma to the head and neck region can have serious consequences for vital organs such as the brain, and injuries to blood vessels can cause permanent neurological damage or even death. Thus, prompt treatment of head and neck vessels is crucial. Although the level of evidence is moderate, an increasing amount of research indicates that endovascular treatments can be a viable alternative to traditional surgery or medical management. Embolization or reconstructive endovascular procedures can significantly improve patient outcomes. This article provides an overview of various endovascular options available for specific clinical scenarios, along with examples of cases in which they were employed.
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BACKGROUND: Students' perception of their educational environment and satisfaction with their major can reveal the extent of their readiness to practice their profession after graduation. This study aimed to evaluate dental students' perception of their educational environment and satisfaction with their major in dentistry, as well as the relationship between these two factors. METHODS: An online survey was conducted in 2022 among first- to fourth-year students across 11 dental schools in Korea. The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) and Academic Major Satisfaction Scale (AMSS) were used to measure the students' perception of the educational environment and satisfaction with their major in dentistry, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 539 students participated in the survey (response rate = 18.1%). The overall mean scores of the DREEM and AMSS were 125.03 (maximum score 200) and 22.01 (maximum score 30), respectively. Fourth-year students had the lowest scores in the overall DREEM, DREEM subscales (excluding students' perceptions of atmosphere), and AMSS. The overall DREEM scores and all DREEM subscales showed statistically significant positive and moderate correlations with AMSS (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Using the DREEM, we identified areas that need improvement and the academic year (fourth year) that require proactive support. Considering the positive correlation between all DREEM subscales and the AMSS, measures to comprehensively improve the educational environment are needed to improve dental students' satisfaction with their major.
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Estudiantes de Odontología , Estudiantes de Medicina , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Percepción , Satisfacción Personal , OdontologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To identify the prognostic markers of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the genetic heterogeneity of the pathological stages was investigated. METHODS: The data of 295 patients with primary OSCC obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas were studied. The genetic prognostic landscape of the pathological stages was systematically analyzed by Cox regressions, Fisher's exact tests, and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment. RESULTS: Stage 4 patients had a poor prognosis in univariate and multivariate Cox models. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß) pathway alterations were found more frequently in stage 4, whereas alterations in cell cycle pathways were significant in stages 1, 2, and 3. The differentially mutated genes were divided into three groups: risk genes of high stage, hazardless genes, and risk genes of low stage. The risk genes of low stage (RNF112, AKR7L, ZSCAN5C, and ZPBP) were independent prognostic factors with stage 4 and treatment modality in multivariate Cox regressions. Additionally, in genetic interaction analysis, NOMO1 and ZNF333 had a high co-occurrence in high stage, and WIZ had high co-occurrence in low stage. In GO enrichment, the prognostic genes were clustered at the functional term of RNA polymerase II transcription, and ZNF333 had an association with RNA transcription. CONCLUSION: The genetic mutation type and ratio of tumor heterogeneity are different for each stage of OSCC, and stratification of OSCC patients with differential therapeutic efficacy is needed. Risk genes of both high and low stages must be identified in patients diagnosed with low-stage OSCC. Mutations in NOMO1, ZNF333, and WIZ should be considered as potential prognostic markers.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Neoplasias de la Boca , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Pronóstico , GenómicaRESUMEN
[This corrects the article on p. 104 in vol. 18, PMID: 35557632.].
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BACKGROUND: Extracranial cerebrovascular diseases represent approximately 20% of ischemic stroke cases. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) was the gold standard procedure for carotid artery stenosis treatment until the introduction of carotid artery stenting (CAS) in the 1980s. While there have been several multicenter randomized trials comparing CEA and CAS, a more efficacious procedure has not been conclusively distinguished. This study reports the results of CAS versus CEA in patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid stenosis and compares them with those from other studies. METHODS: This study is a single-center retrospective study and included patients who underwent CAS and CEA as elective surgery between January 2012 and December 2020. The final analysis included patient baseline characteristics, postoperative complications, and patient outcomes. RESULTS: The 235 patients included were assigned to the CAS (n=128) and CEA (n=107) groups. Within 30 days postoperatively, no significant differences were noted in myocardial infarction [n=1, 0.8% (CAS); n=1, 0.9% (CEA); P=0.899], cerebral infarction [n=4, 3.1% (CAS); n=1, 0.9% (CEA); P=0.247], and patient mortality [n=1, 0.8% (CAS); n=0, 0% (CEA); P=0.247]. CONCLUSIONS: In elective surgery, CAS and CEA had the same effect of preventing cerebral infarction with no difference in postoperative complications.
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Estenosis Carotídea , Endarterectomía Carotidea , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Humanos , Endarterectomía Carotidea/efectos adversos , Endarterectomía Carotidea/métodos , Estenosis Carotídea/cirugía , Estenosis Carotídea/complicaciones , Estudios Retrospectivos , Stents/efectos adversos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Infarto Cerebral/complicaciones , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Arterias Carótidas/cirugía , Factores de Riesgo , Medición de RiesgoRESUMEN
Background: Rotational thrombelastometry (ROTEM) has been used to evaluate the coagulation state, predict transfusion, and optimize hemostatic management in trauma patients. However, there were limited studies on whether the prediction value could be improved by adding the ROTEM parameter to the prediction model for in-hospital mortality and massive transfusion (MT) in trauma patients. Objective: This study assessed whether ROTEM data could improve the MT prediction model. Method: This was a single-center, retrospective study. Patients who presented to the trauma center and underwent ROTEM between 2016 and 2020 were included. The primary and secondary outcomes were massive transfusions and in-hospital mortality, respectively. We constructed two models using multivariate logistic regression with backward conditional stepwise elimination (Model 1: without the ROTEM parameter and Model 2: with the ROTEM parameter). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was calculated to assess the predictive ability of the models. Result: In total, 969 patients were included; 196 (20.2%) received MT. The in-hospital mortality rate was 14.1%. For MT, the AUROC was 0.854 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.825-0.883) and 0.860 (95% CI, 0.832-0.888) for Model 1 and 2, respectively. For in-hospital mortality, the AUROC was 0.886 (95% CI, 0.857-0.915) and 0.889 (95% CI, 0.861-0.918) for models 1 and 2, respectively. The AUROC values for models 1 and 2 were not statistically different for either MT or in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: We found that the addition of the ROTEM parameter did not significantly improve the predictive power of MT and in-hospital mortality in trauma patients.
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Patients with acute ischemic stroke can benefit from reperfusion therapy. Nevertheless, there are gray areas where initiation of reperfusion therapy is neither supported nor contraindicated by the current practice guidelines. In these situations, a prediction model for mortality can be beneficial in decision-making. This study aimed to develop a mortality prediction model for acute ischemic stroke patients not receiving reperfusion therapies using a stacking ensemble learning model. The model used an artificial neural network as an ensemble classifier. Seven base classifiers were K-nearest neighbors, support vector machine, extreme gradient boosting, random forest, naive Bayes, artificial neural network, and logistic regression algorithms. From the clinical data in the International Stroke Trial database, we selected a concise set of variables assessable at the presentation. The primary study outcome was all-cause mortality at 6 months. Our stacking ensemble model predicted 6-month mortality with acceptable performance in ischemic stroke patients not receiving reperfusion therapy. The area under the curve of receiver-operating characteristics, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the stacking ensemble classifier on a put-aside validation set were 0.783 (95% confidence interval 0.758-0.808), 71.6% (69.3-74.2), 72.3% (69.2-76.4%), and 70.9% (68.9-74.3%), respectively.
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Accidente Cerebrovascular Isquémico , Teorema de Bayes , Humanos , Accidente Cerebrovascular Isquémico/terapia , Redes Neurales de la Computación , Curva ROC , Máquina de Vectores de SoporteRESUMEN
The frequency of CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) T cells is highly associated with a variety of diseases. Recently, we used high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing to show that circulating DP T cells in cynomolgus monkeys comprise nine heterogeneous populations. To better understand the characteristics of DP T cells, we analyzed 7601 cells from a rhesus monkey and detected 14,459 genes. Rhesus monkey DP T cells comprised heterogeneous populations (naïve, Treg-, Tfh-, CCR9+ Th-, Th17-, Th2-, Eomes+ Tr1-, CTL-, PLZF+ innate- and Eomes+ innate-like cells) with multiple potential functions. We also identified two new subsets using aggregated scRNA-seq datasets from the rhesus and the cynomolgus monkey: CCR9+ Th-like cells expressing ICAM2 and ITGA1, and PLZF+ innate-like cells that display innate-associated gene signatures such as ZBTB16, TYROBP, MAP3K8, and KLRB1. Trajectory inference of cell differentiation status showed that most DP T cells in the rhesus monkey were found in the mid-to-late pseudotime, whereas DP T cells from the cynomolgus monkey were found in early pseudotime. This suggests that DP T cells in rhesus monkeys may exhibit more diverse differentiation states than those in cynomolgus monkeys. Thus, scRNA-seq and trajectory inference identified a more diverse subset of the circulating DP T cells than originally thought.
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Análisis de la Célula Individual , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T , Animales , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos , Recuento de Linfocitos , Macaca fascicularis , Macaca mulattaRESUMEN
Several cases of intraosseous mandibular tumors have been reported under the name "tubulopapillary hidradenoma-like tumor of the mandible (TPHLTM)." However, the intraosseous occurrence of sweat gland tumors needs to be reappraised. The aim of this review was to propose a new name for these tumors to reflect the possible tumor origin. In view of the incidence and the tissue of origin, TPHLTM is more likely to be a salivary gland tumor than a sweat gland tumor. Among salivary gland tumors, a recently described salivary neoplasm called "sialadenoma papilliferum-like intraductal papillary tumor (SP-IPT)" seems to be histologically and genetically identical to tubulopapillary hidradenoma. Therefore, we proposed that the term TPHLTM be replaced by "SP-IPT of the mandible," which better explains its origin and could help in clarifying the nature of SP-IPT.
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Acrospiroma , Adenoma de las Glándulas Sudoríparas , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Sudoríparas , Acrospiroma/patología , Adenoma de las Glándulas Sudoríparas/patología , Humanos , Mandíbula/patología , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales/patología , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Sudoríparas/patologíaRESUMEN
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a major pathogen in poultry. The genotypes of IBV vary considerably, and their antigenicity may differ. Nationwide surveillance in South Korea was performed to determine the prevalence and distribution of IBV and its genotypes. By both active and passive surveillance, a total of 939 samples were collected and tested for IBV detection by pathogen-specific reverse transcriptase-PCR. IBV RNA-positive samples were inoculated in embryonated eggs for virus isolation. IBV was genotyped and analyzed phylogenetically based on a partial nucleotide sequence of the S1 gene. A total of 114 IBV strains were isolated; 34 (30.9%) of the 110 samples obtained by passive surveillance, and 80 (9.7%) of the 829 samples obtained by active surveillance, were positive. Most IBVs in both groups were isolated from broilers. Five genotypes (QX-like, B4-like, KM91-like, K40/09-like, and 20AD17-like) were observed in South Korea, with the QX-like genotype being the most common, and the 20AD17-like genotype being a novel genotype. These findings will help to maximize protection against IBV infection by providing a reference for the selection of an avian vaccine for IBV in South Korea.
Vigilancia nacional del virus de la bronquitis infecciosa en Corea del Sur del año 2020 al 2021. El virus de la bronquitis infecciosa (IBV) es un patógeno importante en la avicultura. Los genotipos del virus de la bronquitis varían considerablemente y su antigenicidad puede ser diversa. Se realizó un estudio de vigilancia a nivel nacional en Corea del Sur para determinar la prevalencia y distribución del virus de bronquitis y sus genotipos. Mediante vigilancia activa como pasiva, se recolectaron un total de 939 muestras y se analizaron para la detección del virus de la bronquitis infecciosa mediante transcripción reversa y PCR específica para este patógeno. Se inocularon muestras positivas para ARN del virus de bronquitis en huevos embrionados para el aislamiento del virus. Los virus de bronquitis se genotipificaron y analizaron filogenéticamente basándose en una secuencia parcial de nucleótidos del gene S1. Se aislaron un total de 114 cepas del virus de bronquitis; 34 (30.9%) de las 110 muestras obtenidas por vigilancia pasiva y 80 (9.7%) de las 829 muestras obtenidas por vigilancia activa resultaron positivas. La mayoría de los virus de bronquitis en ambos grupos se aislaron de pollos de engorde. Se observaron cinco genotipos (similares a QX, similares a B4, similares a KM91, similares a K40/09 y similares a 20AD17) en Corea del Sur, siendo el genotipo similar a QX el más común y el genotipo similar a 20AD17 que ha sido un genotipo de nueva aparición. Estos hallazgos ayudarán a maximizar la protección contra la infección por el virus de la bronquitis infecciosa al proporcionar una referencia para la selección de vacunas aviares para bronquitis infecciosa en Corea del Sur.
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Infecciones por Coronavirus , Virus de la Bronquitis Infecciosa , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral , Animales , Virus de la Bronquitis Infecciosa/genética , Pollos , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/epidemiología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/veterinaria , Filogenia , Genotipo , República de Corea/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
A dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is a pathologic arteriovenous shunt located within the dural wall of a venous sinus. In addition, DAVFs are associated with sinus thrombosis. Consequently, sinus occlusion may occur near DAVF lesions, making treatment challenging. However, there are few reports of sinus occlusion unrelated to lesions. In this study, we present a rare case of contralateral transverse sinus occlusion in a patient who underwent endovascular treatment and stereotactic radiosurgery for DAVF in the transverse-sigmoid sinus with ipsilateral sigmoid sinus occlusion.