Genomic insights into inherited bone marrow failure syndromes in a Korean population.

Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) pose significant diagnostic challenges due to overlapping symptoms and variable expressivity, despite evolving genomic insights. The study aimed to elucidate the genomic landscape among 130 Korean patients with IBMFS. We conducted targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) and clinical exome sequencing (CES) across the cohort, complemented by whole genome sequencing (WGS) and chromosomal microarray (CMA) in 12 and 47 cases, respectively, with negative initial results. Notably, 50% (n = 65) of our cohort achieved a genomic diagnosis. Among these, 35 patients exhibited mutations associated with classic IBMFSs (n = 33) and the recently defined IBMFS, aplastic anaemia, mental retardation and dwarfism syndrome (AmeDS, n = 2). Classic IBMFSs were predominantly detected via targeted NGS (85%, n = 28) and CES (88%, n = 29), whereas AMeDS was exclusively identified through CES. Both CMA and WGS aided in identifying copy number variations (n = 2) and mutations in previously unexplored regions (n = 2). Additionally, 30 patients were diagnosed with other congenital diseases, encompassing 13 distinct entities including inherited thrombocytopenia (n = 12), myeloid neoplasms with germline predisposition (n = 8), congenital immune disorders (n = 7) and miscellaneous genomic conditions (n = 3). CES was particularly effective in revealing these diverse diagnoses. Our findings underscore the significance of comprehensive genomic analysis in IBMFS, highlighting the need for ongoing exploration in this complex field.

Caveolin-2 palmitoylation turnover facilitates insulin receptor substrate-1-directed lipid metabolism by insulin receptor tyrosine kinase.

Here, we show that insulin induces palmitoylation turnover of Caveolin-2 (Cav-2) in adipocytes. Acyl protein thioesterases-1 (APT1) catalyzes Cav-2 depalmitoylation, and zinc finger DHHC domain-containing protein palmitoyltransferase 21 (ZDHHC21) repalmitoylation of the depalmitoylated Cav-2 for the turnover, thereby controlling insulin receptor (IR)-Cav-2-insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1)-Akt-driven signaling. Insulin-induced palmitoylation turnover of Cav-2 facilitated glucose uptake and fat storage through induction of lipogenic genes. Cav-2-, APT1-, and ZDHHC21-deficient adipocytes, however, showed increased induction of lipolytic genes and glycerol release. In addition, white adipose tissues from insulin sensitive and resistant obese patients exhibited augmented expression of LYPLA1 (APT1) and ZDHHC20 (ZDHHC20). Our study identifies the specific enzymes regulating Cav-2 palmitoylation turnover, and reveals a new mechanism by which insulin-mediated lipid metabolism is controlled in adipocytes.

Development of quantitative structure activity relationships (QSARs) for predicting the aggregation of TiO2 nanoparticles under favorable conditions.

This study developed multi-linear regression (MLR) quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) to predict n-TiO2 aggregation in the presence of high concentrations of representative emerging organic contaminants (EOCs), which presented favorable conditions to interaction with n-TiO2. The largest diameter change (Δ 517 nm at 0 h and Δ 1164 nm at 12 h) of n-TiO2 was observed by estrone, while the smallest diameter change (Δ -114 nm at 0 h and - 4 nm at 12 h) was observed by lincomycin during experimental periods. In addition, the zeta potential changes of n-TiO2 were observed that the biggest changes were observed by 17ß-estradiol (-1.3 mV) and alachlor (-10.02 mV) at 0 h, while 17ß-estradiol (-1.31 mV) and pendimethalin (-11.4 mV) showed the biggest changes at 12 h comparing to control. These changes of n-TiO2 diameter and zeta potential may implicate the effects of unique physico-chemical properties of each EOC on the surface modification of n-TiO2. Based on the interaction results, this study investigated the QSARs between n-TiO2 aggregation and physico-chemical descriptors of EOCs with 7 representative descriptors (pKa, Cw, log Kow, M.W., P.S.A., M.V., # of HBD) for predicting n-TiO2 aggregation rate kinetics at 0 h and 12 h by applying MATLAB statistical methods (model 1 - fitlm and model 2 - stepwiselm). In a model 1, QSARs showed the good coefficients of determination (R2 = 0.92) at 0 h and (R2 = 0.87) at 12 h with 7 descriptors. In a model 2, QSARs showed the goodness of fit of a model (R2 = 0.9998) with 8 descriptors (pKa, Cw, log Kow, M.W., P.S.A., M.V., #HBD, pKa⋅#H bond donors) at 0 h, while QSARs showed the coefficients of determination (R2 = 0.68) with 2 descriptors (pKa, M.V.) at 12 h. Particularly, we observed that some descriptors of EOCs such as pKa and # of HBD having polarity have more influenced on the n-TiO2 aggregation rate kinetics. Our developed QSARs demonstrated that the 7 descriptors of EOCs were significantly effective descriptors for predicting n-TiO2 aggregation rate kinetics in favorable conditions, which may implicate the complexity interactions between heterogeneous surfaces of n-TiO2 and physico-chemical properties of EOCs.

Field application of Ca-doped ZnO nanoparticles to maize and wheat plants.

Nanoparticles play a vital role in modern agriculture to provide the nutrients required by plants. Herein, we report the preparation of calcium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (CZO NPs) via a simple and cost-effective co-precipitation method, with the aim of realizing increased fertilizer response. The synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed to study their physicochemical properties using various characterization techniques. The X-ray diffraction pattern showed a small shift in peak position towards higher values of 2θ and reduced crystal size after the zinc oxide (ZnO) matrix had been doped with Ca. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy images clearly revealed a grain-like surface morphology. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study produced evidence of Zn2+ substitution by Ca2+ and enhanced Zn-O bond strengths in the CZO samples. Two major crops, maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were selected to study the impact of the CZO NP-based nanofertilizer on plant growth. During the study, the effect of the CZO-based fertilizer on growth parameters such as seed germination, root and shoot length, plant height, root and stem width, number of leaves, and leaf size was studied based on comparisons with control plants. We observed significantly increased plant growth parameters after the application of the CZO NP-based fertilizers.

The BMAL1/HIF2A heterodimer modulates circadian variations of myocardial injury.

Acute myocardial infarction stands as a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide1-6. Clinical studies have demonstrated that the severity of cardiac injury following myocardial infarction exhibits a circadian pattern, with larger infarct sizes and poorer outcomes in patients experiencing morning onset myocardial infarctions7-14. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern circadian variations of myocardial injury remain unclear. Here, we show that BMAL114-20, a core circadian transcription factor, orchestrates diurnal variability in myocardial injury. Unexpectedly, BMAL1 modulates circadian-dependent cardiac injury by forming a transcriptionally active heterodimer with a non-canonical partner, hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha (HIF2A)6,21-23, in a diurnal manner. Substantiating this finding, we determined the cryo-EM structure of the BMAL1/HIF2A/DNA complex, revealing a previously unknown capacity for structural rearrangement within BMAL1, which enables the crosstalk between circadian rhythms and hypoxia signaling. Furthermore, we identified amphiregulin (AREG) as a rhythmic transcriptional target of the BMAL1/HIF2A heterodimer, critical for regulating circadian variations of myocardial injury. Finally, pharmacologically targeting the BMAL1/HIF2A-AREG pathway provides effective cardioprotection, with maximum efficacy when aligned with the pathway's circadian trough. Our findings not only uncover a novel mechanism governing the circadian variations of myocardial injury but also pave the way for innovative circadian-based treatment strategies, potentially shifting current treatment paradigms for myocardial infarction.

One-Pot Facile Synthesis of a Cluster of ZnS Low-Dimensional Nanoparticles for High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes.

To maximize the use of ZnS low-dimensional nanoparticles as high-performance supercapacitor electrodes, this work describes a simple one-pot synthesis method for producing a cluster of these particles. The ZnS nanoparticles fabricated in this work exhibit a cluster with unique low-dimensional (0D, 1D, and 2D) characteristics. Structural, morphological, and electrochemical investigations are all part of the thorough characterization of the produced materials. An X-ray diffraction pattern of clustered ZnS nanoparticles reflects the phase formation with highly stable cubic blende sphalerite polymorph. The confirmation of nanoparticle cluster formation featuring multiple low-dimensional nanostructures was achieved through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), while the internal structure was assessed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Systematically assessing the ZnS nanoparticles' electrochemical performance reveals their prospective qualities as supercapacitor electrode materials. The electrode assembled with this material on Ni foam demonstrates elevated specific capacitance (areal capacitance) values, reaching 716.8 F.g⁻1 (2150.4 mF.cm-2) at a current density of 3 mA.cm⁻2. Moreover, it reflects 69.1% capacitance retention with a four times increase in current density, i.e., 495.5 F.g-1 (1486.56 mF.cm-2) capacitance was archived at 12 mA.cm-2 with 100% Coulombic efficiency. Furthermore, the electrode exhibits prolonged cycling capability with 77.7% capacitance retention, as evidenced by its charge-discharge measurements sustained over 15,000 cycles at a current density of 25 mA cm⁻2.

Innovative Carbon Ball Frameworks: Elevating Energy Storage Performance and Enhancing CO2 Capture Efficiency.

A novel porous carbon, derived from polybenzoxazine and subjected to hydrogen peroxide treatment, has been meticulously crafted to serve dual functions as a supercapacitor and a CO2 capture material. While supercapacitors offer a promising avenue for electrochemical energy storage, their widespread application is hampered by relatively low energy density. Addressing this limitation, our innovative approach introduces a three-dimensional holey carbon ball framework boasting a hierarchical porous structure, thereby elevating its performance as a metal-free supercapacitor electrode. The key to its superior performance lies in the intricate design, featuring a substantial ion-accessible surface area, well-established electron and ion transport pathways, and a remarkable packing density. This unique configuration endows the holey carbon ball framework electrode with an impressive capacitance of 274 F g-1. Notably, the electrode exhibits outstanding rate capability and remarkable longevity, maintaining a capacitance retention of 82% even after undergoing 5000 cycles in an aqueous electrolyte. Beyond its prowess as a supercapacitor, the hydrogen peroxide-treated porous carbon component reveals an additional facet, showcasing an exceptional CO2 adsorption capacity. At temperatures of 0 and 25 °C, the carbon material displays a CO2 adsorption capacity of 4.4 and 4.2 mmol/g, respectively, corresponding to equilibrium pressures of 1 bar. This dual functionality renders the porous carbon material a versatile and efficient candidate for addressing the energy storage and environmental challenges of our time.

Polybenzoxazine-Based Nitrogen-Containing Porous Carbon and Their Composites with NiCo Bimetallic Oxides for Supercapacitor Applications.

Supercapacitors (SCs) are considered as emerging energy storage devices that bridge the gap between electrolytic capacitors and rechargeable batteries. However, due to their low energy density, their real-time usage is restricted. Hence, to enhance the energy density of SCs, we prepared hetero-atom-doped carbon along with bimetallic oxides at different calcination temperatures, viz., HC/NiCo@600, HC/NiCo@700, HC/NiCo@800 and HC/NiCo@900. The material produced at 800 °C (HC/NiCo@800) exhibits a hierarchical 3D flower-like morphology. The electrochemical measurement of the prepared materials was performed in a three-electrode system showing an enhanced specific capacitance for HC/NiCo@600 (Cs = 1515 F g-1) in 1 M KOH, at a current density of 1 A g-1, among others. An asymmetric SC device was also fabricated using HC/NiCo@800 as anode and HC as cathode (HC/NiCo@600//HC). The fabricated device had the ability to operate at a high voltage window (~1.6 V), exhibiting a specific capacitance of 142 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1; power density of 743.11 W kg-1 and energy density of 49.93 Wh kg-1. Altogether, a simple strategy of hetero-atom doping and bimetallic inclusion into the carbon framework enhances the energy density of SCs.

Intermittent Fasting Reduces Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice by Downregulating Lipocalin-2 and Galectin-3.

Intermittent fasting (IF), an alternating pattern of dietary restriction, reduces obesity-induced insulin resistance and inflammation. However, the crosstalk between adipose tissue and the hippocampus in diabetic encephalopathy is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the protective effects of IF against neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in high-fat diet(HFD)-fed mice. Histological analysis revealed that IF reduced crown-like structures and adipocyte apoptosis in the adipose tissue of HFD mice. In addition to circulating lipocalin-2 (LCN2) and galectin-3 (GAL3) levels, IF reduced HFD-induced increases in LCN2- and GAL3-positive macrophages in adipose tissue. IF also improved HFD-induced memory deficits by inhibiting blood-brain barrier breakdown and neuroinflammation. Furthermore, immunofluorescence showed that IF reduced HFD-induced astrocytic LCN2 and microglial GAL3 protein expression in the hippocampus of HFD mice. These findings indicate that HFD-induced adipocyte apoptosis and macrophage infiltration may play a critical role in glial activation and that IF reduces neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment by protecting against blood-brain barrier leakage.

MatGD: Materials Graph Digitizer.

We developed Material Graph Digitizer (MatGD), which is a tool for digitizing a data line from scientific graphs. The algorithm behind the tool consists of four steps: (1) identifying graphs within subfigures, (2) separating axes and data sections, (3) discerning the data lines by eliminating irrelevant graph objects and matching with the legend, and (4) data extraction and saving. From the 62,534 papers in the areas of batteries, catalysis, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), 501,045 figures were mined. Remarkably, our tool showcased performance with over 99% accuracy in legend marker and text detection. Moreover, its capability for data line separation stood at 66%, which is much higher compared to those of other existing figure-mining tools. We believe that this tool will be integral to collecting both past and future data from publications, and these data can be used to train various machine learning models that can enhance material predictions and new materials discovery.

Combining chromosomal microarray and clinical exome sequencing for genetic diagnosis of intellectual disability.

Despite the current widespread use of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and exome/genome sequencing for the genetic diagnosis of unexplained intellectual disability (ID) in children, gaining improved diagnostic yields and defined guidelines remains a significant challenge. This is a cohort study of children with unexplained ID. We analyzed the diagnostic yield and its correlation to clinical phenotypes in children with ID who underwent concurrent CMA and clinical exome sequencing (CES). A total of 154 children were included (110 [71.4%] male; mean [SD] age, 51.9 [23.1] months). The overall diagnosis yield was 26.0-33.8%, with CMA contributing 12.3-14.3% and CES contributing 13.6-19.4%, showing no significant difference. The diagnostic rate was significantly higher when gross motor delay (odds ratio, 6.69; 95% CI, 3.20-14.00; P < 0.001), facial dysmorphism (odds ratio, 9.34; 95% CI 4.29-20.30; P < 0.001), congenital structural anomaly (odds ratio 3.62; 95% CI 1.63-8.04; P = 0.001), and microcephaly or macrocephaly (odds ratio 4.87; 95% CI 2.05-11.60; P < 0.001) were presented. Patients with only ID without any other concomitant phenotype (63/154, 40.9%) exhibited a 6.3-11.1% diagnostic rate.

PPP2R1A-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder: The First Korean Case with a Novel Variant of PPP2R1A and Literature Review.

In 2015, germline mutations in PPP2R1A were found to cause neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). To date, fewer than 50 cases of PPP2R1A-related NDDs have been reported. Here, we report the first Korean case of PPP2R1A-related NDD harboring a novel de novo missense PPP2R1A variant with previously unreported clinical features. The proband, a 12-month-old female, presented with developmental delay, intractable epilepsy, microcephaly, and feeding difficulties. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a Dandy-Walker continuum with corpus callosum hypoplasia, periventricular leukomalacia, and brainstem and diffuse cerebral atrophy. Next-generation sequencing-based targeted gene panel testing for NDDs revealed a novel heterozygous missense variant of PPP2R1A:c.650A>G, p.(Gln217Arg). Sanger sequencing confirmed it as de novo, as neither parent carried this variant. These findings expand the phenotypic and genotypic spectra of PPP2R1A variants.

Predicting preterm birth using machine learning techniques in oral microbiome.

Preterm birth prediction is essential for improving neonatal outcomes. While many machine learning techniques have been applied to predict preterm birth using health records, inflammatory markers, and vaginal microbiome data, the role of prenatal oral microbiome remains unclear. This study aimed to compare oral microbiome compositions between a preterm and a full-term birth group, identify oral microbiome associated with preterm birth, and develop a preterm birth prediction model using machine learning of oral microbiome compositions. Participants included singleton pregnant women admitted to Jeonbuk National University Hospital between 2019 and 2021. Subjects were divided into a preterm and a full-term birth group based on pregnancy outcomes. Oral microbiome samples were collected using mouthwash within 24 h before delivery and 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing was performed to analyze taxonomy. Differentially abundant taxa were identified using DESeq2. A random forest classifier was applied to predict preterm birth based on the oral microbiome. A total of 59 women participated in this study, with 30 in the preterm birth group and 29 in the full-term birth group. There was no significant difference in maternal clinical characteristics between the preterm and the full-birth group. Twenty-five differentially abundant taxa were identified, including 22 full-term birth-enriched taxa and 3 preterm birth-enriched taxa. The random forest classifier achieved high balanced accuracies (0.765 ± 0.071) using the 9 most important taxa. Our study identified 25 differentially abundant taxa that could differentiate preterm and full-term birth groups. A preterm birth prediction model was developed using machine learning of oral microbiome compositions in mouthwash samples. Findings of this study suggest the potential of using oral microbiome for predicting preterm birth. Further multi-center and larger studies are required to validate our results before clinical applications.

Intermittent Fasting Attenuates Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis by Enhancing the Hepatic Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway.

An intermittent fasting (IF) regimen has been shown to protect against metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). However, the precise mechanism remains unclear. Here, we explored how IF reduced hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis in mice with MASH. The mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 30 weeks and either continued on the HFD or were subjected to IF for the final 22 weeks. IF reduced body weight, insulin resistance, and hepatic lipid accumulation in HFD-fed mice. Lipidome analysis revealed that IF modified HFD-induced hepatic lipid composition. In particular, HFD-induced impaired autophagic flux was reversed by IF. The decreased hepatic lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 level in HFD-fed mice was upregulated in HFD+IF-fed mice. However, increased hepatic lysosomal acid lipase protein levels in HFD-fed mice were reduced by IF. IF attenuated HFD-induced hepatic inflammation and galectin-3-positive Kupffer cells. In addition to the increases in hepatic hydroxyproline and lumican levels, lipocalin-2-mediated signaling was reversed in HFD-fed mice by IF. Taken together, our findings indicate that the enhancement of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway may be a critical mechanism of MASH reduction by IF.

TonEBP Haploinsufficiency Attenuates Microglial Activation and Memory Deficits in Middle-Aged and Amyloid ß Oligomer-Treated Mice.

Age-related microglial activation is associated with cognitive impairment. Tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP) is a critical mediator of microglial activation in response to neuroinflammation. However, the precise role of TonEBP in the middle-aged brain is not yet known. We used TonEBP haploinsufficient mice to investigate the role of TonEBP in middle-aged or amyloid ß oligomer (AßO)-injected brains and examined the effect of TonEBP knockdown on AßO-treated BV2 microglial cells. Consistent with an increase in microglial activation with aging, hippocampal TonEBP expression levels were increased in middle-aged (12-month-old) and old (24-month-old) mice compared with young (6-month-old) mice. Middle-aged TonEBP haploinsufficient mice showed reduced microglial activation and fewer memory deficits than wild-type mice. Electron microscopy revealed that synaptic pruning by microglial processes was reduced by TonEBP haploinsufficiency. TonEBP haploinsufficiency also reduced dendritic spine loss and improved memory deficits in AßO-treated mice. Furthermore, TonEBP knockdown attenuated migration and phagocytosis in AßO-treated BV2 cells. These findings suggest that TonEBP plays important roles in age-related microglial activation and memory deficits.

Establishment of an LC-MS/MS method for quantification of lifitegrast in rabbit plasma and ocular tissues and its application to pharmacokinetic study.

Lifitegrast, a lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 antagonist, was approved by the FDA for the treatment of dry eye disease. Cornea and conjunctiva have been reported to be the sites of action of lifitegrast. To investigate the pharmacokinetics of lifitegrast, a sensitive analytical method for the determination of lifitegrast in various biological matrices such as plasma and ocular tissues is required. However, only limited information about the analytical method for lifitegrast in biological samples is available. In the present study, we aimed to develop a new liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of lifitegrast in rabbit plasma, cornea, conjunctiva, and sclera. Lifitegrast-d6 was used as an internal standard (IS). To prepare the biological samples, protein precipitation using acetonitrile was utilized. Analytes were separated from endogenous interferences on an Atlantis dC18 (5 µm, 2.1 × 150 mm), and a mixture of 0.1 % formic acid and acetonitrile was used as the mobile phase. The mass transition of precursor to product ion was monitored at 615.2 â†’ 145.0 for lifitegrast and 621.2 â†’ 145.1 for IS. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration range from 2 to 500 ng/mL for plasma and 5 to 500 ng/mL in ocular tissue homogenates. Intra- and inter-day accuracy ranged from 95.76 to 106.80 % in the plasma and 94.42 to 112.80 % in the ocular tissues. Precision was within 8.56 % in the plasma and 9.72 % in the ocular tissues. The short-term, long-term, auto-sampler, and freeze-thaw stabilities of lifitegrast were validated. The developed method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study of lifitegrast in rabbits. Following ophthalmic administration, only 3.26 % of administered lifitegrast was absorbed into the systemic circulation. Peak tissue concentrations were observed at 0.5 h after dosing, and topically administered lifitegrast was mainly distributed in the cornea and conjunctiva. The finding of this study is expected to be used in further pharmacokinetic studies and formulation development.

Three-Dimensional MoS2/MXene Heterostructure Aerogel for Chemical Gas Sensors with Superior Sensitivity and Stability.

The concept of integrating diverse functional 2D materials into a heterostructure provides platforms for exploring physics that cannot be accessed in a single 2D material. Here, physically mixing two 2D materials, MXene and MoS2, followed by freeze-drying is utilized to successfully fabricate a 3D MoS2/MXene van der Waals heterostructure aerogel. The low-temperature synthetic approach effectively suppresses significant oxidation of the Ti3C2Tx MXene and results in a hierarchical and freestanding 3D heterostructure composed of high-quality MoS2 and MXene nanosheets. Functionalization of MXene with a MoS2 catalytic layer substantially improves sensitivity and long-term stability toward detection of NO2 gas, and computational studies are coupled with experimental results to elucidate that the mechanism behind enhancements in the gas-sensing properties is effective inhibition of HNO2 formation on the MXene surface, due to the presence of MoS2. Overall, this study has a great potential for expansion of applicability to other classes of two-dimensional materials as a general synthesis method, to be applied in future fields of catalysis and electronics.

Rapid estimation of tire-wear particle concentration in road dust using PM10 and traffic data in a ternary plot.

Air pollution, a pressing global issue, is significantly exacerbated by airborne particulate matter (PM), affecting air quality and human health. Urban vehicular activities majorly contribute to PM rise through both exhaust and non-exhaust emissions. Despite strides in managing exhaust emissions, non-exhaust particles, such as tire wear particles (TWP) remain under-addressed. This research proposes a method for estimating TWP concentrations using PM10 data and traffic activity, which could offer a valuable tool for controlling roadside fine particles and TWP. This paper introduces a ternary plotting technique and step-by-step procedure to estimate TWP levels in road dust using only PM10 and traffic data. Traditional analysis of TWP via pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is complex and time-consuming. Hence, our proposed approach presents an alternate method that leverages readily accessible PM and traffic data, providing critical information for road management interpretation. The triangular plot analysis demonstrated a linear correlation: [log(Traffic) + 2]-[250,000/TWP-13]-0.18PM10. While the resulting correlation may vary based on specific road conditions, the method can be tailored to different regions, offering insights into efficient estimation of TWP concentrations and promoting improved roadside pollution management.

Enhanced Activity and Stability of Heteroatom-Doped Carbon/Bimetal Oxide for Efficient Water-Splitting Reaction.

The research community is actively exploring ways to create cost-efficient and high-performing electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction. In this investigation, an innovative technique was employed to produce heteroatom-doped carbon containing NiCo oxides, i.e., HC/NiCo oxide@800, in the form of a three-dimensional hierarchical flower. This method involved the reduction of a bimetallic (Ni, Co) metal-organic framework, followed by carefully controlled oxidative calcination. The resulting porous flower-like structure possess numerous advantages, such as expansive specific surface areas, excellent conductivity, and multiple electrocatalytic active sites for both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. Moreover, the presence of oxygen vacancies within HC/NiCo oxide@800 significantly enhances the conductivity of the NiCo substance, thus expediting the kinetics of both the processes. These benefits work together synergistically to enhance the electrocatalytic performance of HC/NiCo oxide@800. Empirical findings reveal that HC/NiCo oxide@800 electrocatalysts demonstrate exceptional catalytic activity, minimal overpotential, and remarkable stability when deployed for both hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions in alkaline environments. This investigation introduces a fresh avenue for creating porous composite electrocatalysts by transforming metal-organic frameworks with controllable structures. This approach holds promise for advancing electrochemical energy conversion devices by facilitating the development of efficient and customizable electrocatalytic materials.