RESUMEN
LEOPARD syndrome (LS) is a rare hereditary disorder in Asian countries. This syndrome consists of multiple systemic abnormalities. In particular, characteristic cardiovascular effects in LS may include variable clinical manifestations from benign to life-threatening courses. The cardiac effects of this syndrome consist of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), pulmonary stenosis (PS), coronary artery dilatation and electrocardiogram(ECG) abnormalities. Since there are few LS patients who have undergone a complete cardiovascular evaluation, the nature and clinical prognosis of cardiovascular abnormalities in this syndrome remain uncertain. Also, there have been few reports on therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular abnormalities in LS. Here we describe a case of LS who presented with multiple cardiovascular problems and underwent successful surgical and medical treatment.
RESUMEN
A low-energy Ar+ ion beam was used to modify the surface of a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) film. The modification reaction proceeded with or without oxygen gas injected during the irradiation. The surface functional groups of the modified PEEK were confirmed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as increasing various oxygen-containing functional groups. The concentration of the functional groups varied rapidly with the irradiation time, reached a maximum value, and then slowly decreased. The surface morphology of PEEK was substantially changed by ion-beam irradiation. Surface smoothening occurred so that the surface roughness reached almost constant value after some irradiation time. The incorporation of functional groups on the PEEK surface and the surface topology change had opposite effects on the adhesion strength between PEEK and copper. Dominance of the former was evident because the lap-shear strength initially increased with the irradiation. The special surface features significantly enhanced the adhesion strength between the evaporated copper layer and the modified PEEK surface. However, the decrease in the surface roughness with a long time irradiation implies a decrease in adhesion strength due to a smaller contact area, and the shear strength due to topology change also slowly decreased after a long time irradiation.
