Clinical Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Hemodialysis Patients.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is a global public health problem. Patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis are at a higher risk of infection and mortality than the general population. Worldwide, a vaccination campaign has been developed that has been shown to reduce severe infections and deaths in the general population. However, there are currently limited data on the clinical efficacy of vaccinations in the hemodialysis population. Methods: A national multicenter observational cohort was performed in Chile to evaluate the clinical efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in end-stage renal disease patients on chronic hemodialysis from February 2021 to August 2021. In addition, the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and CoronaVac (Sinovac) vaccines were evaluated. The efficacy of vaccination in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalizations, and deaths associated with COVID-19 was determined. Results: A total of 12,301 patients were evaluated; 10,615 (86.3%) received a complete vaccination (2 doses), 490 (4.0%) received incomplete vaccination, and 1196 (9.7%) were not vaccinated. During follow-up, 1362 (11.0%) patients developed COVID-19, and 150 died (case fatality rate: 11.0%). The efficacy of the complete vaccination in preventing infection was 18.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]:11.8-23.8%), and prevention of death was 66.0% (95% CI:60.6-70.7%). When comparing both vaccines, BNT162b2 and CoronaVac were effective in reducing infection and deaths associated with COVID-19. Nevertheless, the BNT162b2 vaccine had higher efficacy in preventing infection (42.6% vs. 15.0%) and deaths (90.4% vs. 64.8%) compared to CoronaVac. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in patients on chronic hemodialysis was effective in preventing infection and death associated with COVID-19.

Caracterización del tutor como figura central en la formación del médico general integral / Characterization of the tutor as a key actor in the training of the family medicine physician

Introducción: La educación y la práctica médica constituyen un par dialéctico, del cual emerge el tutor como figura protagónica de los procesos formativos, con conocimientos, habilidades y experiencia para guiar al educando hacia su desarrollo integral. Objetivo: Caracterizar la preparación del tutor en el proceso de formación del residente de Medicina General Integral en el municipio Habana Vieja durante enero-junio de 2019. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación pedagógica en el área del posgrado, de tipo descriptivo. El universo y la muestra estuvieron constituidos por 75 médicos que ejercían la tutoría de formación en residentes de la especialidad de Medicina General Integral. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos y empíricos. Para obtener la información, se efectuó un análisis documental y se aplicó una encuesta, previo consentimiento informado. Resultados: El 42,7 por ciento de los tutores poseía experiencia como tutor y se encontraba en la agrupación entre 1-3 años; el 54,7 por ciento tenía entre 5-10 años como especialistas. La mayor representación (65,3 por ciento) no ostentaba categoría docente ni científica. La maestría de educación médica superior fue la actividad formativa de mayor representación (15,9 por ciento). El 86,6 por ciento refirió no formar parte de investigaciones; y el 53,3 por ciento, no haber participado en eventos científicos. Solo el 24 por ciento de tutores puntualizó haber realizado publicaciones en revistas de alto impacto. Conclusiones: Existen insuficiencias en la preparación del tutor, por lo que se hace necesario implementar estrategias, como la creación de la comisión de trabajo tutorial a nivel del departamento docente(AU)

Introduction: Medical education and practice make up a dialectical pair, from which tutors emerge as leading actors of training processes, with knowledge, skills and experience to guide learners towards their comprehensive development. Objective: To characterize tutor training in the process of formation of the Family Medicine resident in La Habana Vieja Municipality in the period from January to June 2019. Methods: A descriptive pedagogical research was carried out in the postgraduate area. The universe and the sample consisted of 75 physicians who provided tutorship for training Family Medicine residents. Theoretical and empirical methods were applied. To obtain the information, a documental analysis was carried out and a survey was applied, with prior informed consent. Results: 42.7 percent of the participants had experience as tutors and were in the group between one and three years, while 54.7 percent had been specialists for five to ten years. The highest representation group (65.3 percent) did not hold a teaching or scientific rank. The master's degree in higher medical education was the training activity with the highest representation (15.9 percent). 86.6 percent expressed that they were not carrying out any research, while 53.3 percent have not participated in scientific events. Only 24 percent of the tutors specified that they have published in high-impact journals. Conclusions: There are shortcomings in tutor training, a reason why it is necessary to implement strategies, such as the creation of a tutorial work commission at the level of the teaching department(AU)

Síndrome metabólico en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 pertenecientes al área de salud Guanabo / Metabolic syndrome in type diabetes patients from the health area of Guanabo

Introducción: el síndrome metabólico es un proceso que aumenta el riesgo aterogénico de que quien lo padece, por lo que su conocimiento es de vital importancia. Objetivos: caracterizar el comportamiento del síndrome metabólico en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 mayores de 40 años. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo en el área de salud Guanabo perteneciente al Policlínico Docente Dr. Mario Muñoz Monroy, entre el 1ro. de septiembre de 2005 al 1ro. de junio de 2006. Se seleccionó una muestra de 329 pacientes de un total de 864 diabéticos tipo 2 mayores de 40 años, a través de un muestreo monoetápico. Para determinar la existencia de relación entre las variables cualitativas analizadas se utilizó la prueba de independencia X². Resultados: se encontró una alta prevalencia de diabéticos tipo 2 portadores de síndrome metabólico, y no existieron diferencias en cuanto al género. La característica más frecuentes de estos pacientes fue la presencia de diabetes, hipertensión arterial y valores de riesgo en la circunferencia media de la cintura. Conclusiones: existe una alta prevalencia de diabéticos tipo 2 con síndrome metabólico y los de mayor edad son los más afectados

Introduction: the metabolic syndrome is a process increasing the atherogenic risk in the person suffer it, thus, its knowledge is essential. Objectives: to characterize the behavior of metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients aged over 40. Methods: a prospective and descriptive study was conducted in the health area Guanabo of the Dr. Mario Muñoz Monroy Teaching Polyclinic from Habana del Este municipality from September 1, 2005 to June 1, 2006. A sample including 329 patients was selected from a total of 864 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes aged over 40 by one-stage sampling. To determine the existence of a relation among the analyzed qualitative variables the Chi² independence test. Results: the results obtained showed a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes patients carriers of metabolic syndrome without differences as regards gender. The more frequent feature of metabolic syndrome was the presence of diabetes, high blood pressure and the risk waist circumference. Conclusions: there is a prevalence of type 2 diabetes patient's carriers of the metabolic syndrome with a higher affection of white race and the elderlies

Migraña del niño / Children’s migraine

La migraña es una entidad relativamente frecuente dentro de las patologías funcionales del niño, cuando se tienen en cuenta la diversidad de cuadros clínicos que pueden ir desde la cefalea aislada hasta la migraña que se manifiesta por un coma. Aproximadamente 43 por ciento de las migrañas de los adultos comienzan desde la infancia. Ella esta dispersa en el globo terrestre y parece que la raza no juega ningún papel...