[The overactive bladder syndrome]. / Le syndrome d'hyperactivité vésicale.

The overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome is defined as urinary urgency, usually with urinary frequency and nocturia, with or without urgency urinary incontinence. It significantly impacts patients' quality of life and represents a significant public health issue. Treatment options include conservative and hygienic measures, pharmacological treatments and surgery.

Le syndrome d'hyperactivité vésicale (SHV) est défini par la survenue d'urgenturie avec ou sans incontinence urinaire, habituellement associée à une pollakiurie ou à une nycturie. Il impacte significativement la qualité de vie des patients et représente un réel problème de santé publique. Les options thérapeutiques incluent des mesures conservatrices et hygiéno-diététiques, des traitements médicamenteux et chirurgicaux.

Outcomes Following First-line Endourologic Management of Ureteroenteric Anastomotic Strictures After Urinary Diversion: A Single-center Study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcomes of patients following a first-line systematic endourologic procedure used to treat ureteroenteric anastomotic strictures (UEAS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: All data from patients treated using a first-line endourologic approach for UEAS between 2010 and 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. The following data were analyzed: age, type of urinary diversion, initial symptoms, surgical endoscopic approach (antegrade or retrograde), pre- and postoperative creatinine levels, and postoperative complications and outcomes. Follow-up visits occurred at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively, and at least annually thereafter. RESULTS: A total of 27 patients (median age: 62.5 years) were included. Overall, 28 UEAS were treated endoscopically (ileal conduit: n = 25; neobladder: n = 3). Most UEAS developed following radical cystectomy for bladder cancer (n = 19). Overall, the endoscopic approach was successful in 20 cases (71.4%). The UEAS length was >1 cm in 21 cases (75%). All UEAS of <1 cm were treated successfully (n = 7). There were three grade II and five grade III complications. The median follow-up period was 25 months. The median creatinine levels before surgery and at last follow-up were 1.3 mg/dL and 0.9 mg/dL, respectively. CONCLUSION: An endourologic procedure is a reasonable option for first-line treatment for UEAS and has promising functional outcomes and limited morbidity.

Incidence and risk factors of postoperative stress urinary incontinence following laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy in patients with negative preoperative prolapse reduction stress testing.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the incidence of postoperative stress urinary incontinence (SUI) after laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSCP) in women with negative preoperative prolapse reduction stress testing (PPRST) and to identify associated risk factors. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study comprising women who consecutively underwent double-mesh LSCP without concomitant SUI surgery after a negative PPRST at a tertiary referral center. Negative PPRST was defined by the absence of SUI during cough testing and urodynamic studies with prolapse reduction. RESULTS: Fifty-five patients were assessed in the final analysis. No significant complication was encountered during and after LSCP. Mean follow-up was 25 ± 11 (range 12-48) months. No patient developed recurrent pelvic organ prolapse (POP) or mesh erosion at last follow-up. Thirty (54.5 %) patients reported the symptom of SUI (subjective SUI) postoperatively, 13 (23.6 %) had a positive cough test (objective SUI) at last visit, and nine (16.4 %) underwent a sling procedure. In univariate analyses, advanced cystocele (stage 3-4) and a history of patient-reported SUI before surgery were associated with a higher risk of postoperative subjective and objective SUI after LSCP. Multivariate analyses identified preoperative SUI as the sole independent predictor of subjective SUI [risk ratio (RR = 4.03; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.16-14.09), objective SUI, (RR = 4.67; 95% CI = 1.14-19.23), and subsequent anti-SUI surgery after LSCP (RR = 6.17; 95% CI = 1.30-29.41). CONCLUSIONS: SUI is far from uncommon in women after LSCP despite negative PPRST, especially in those with advanced cystocele and a history of SUI preoperatively; after at least 1 year of follow-up, approximately one in six women eventually underwent a sling surgery. These data are useful for counseling patients.

The inside-out transobturator male sling for the surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy: midterm results of a single-center prospective study.

BACKGROUND: Transobturator slings are currently promoted for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) after radical prostatectomy (RP), but data on outcome remain limited. OBJECTIVE: To assess, at midterm, the efficacy and safety of the inside-out transobturator male sling for treating post-RP SUI and to determine factors associated with failure. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Prospective one-center trial involving 173 consecutive patients without detrusor overactivity, treated between 2006 and 2011 for SUI following RP. INTERVENTION: Placement of an inside-out transobturator sling. MEASUREMENTS: Baseline and follow-up evaluations included uroflowmetry and continence and quality-of-life (QoL) questionnaires. Cure was defined as no pad use and improvement as a number of pads per day reduced by ≥50% and two or fewer pads. Complications were recorded, and factors associated with treatment failure were evaluated. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Preoperatively, 21%, 35%, and 44% of the patients were using two, three to five, and more than five pads per day, respectively. After a median follow-up of 24 mo (range: 12-60 mo), 49% were cured, 35% improved, and 16% not improved. QoL was enhanced (p<0.001), and 72% of patients were moderately to completely satisfied with the procedure. Maximum flow rates were slightly reduced (p=0.004); postvoid residual volumes were similar (p=0.097). Complications were urinary retention after catheter removal (15%), perineal/scrotal hematoma (9%), pain lasting >6 mo (3%), and sling infection (2%); all were managed conservatively. Severe SUI before sling surgery was not associated with a worse outcome, whereas obesity and a history of pelvic irradiation or bladder neck stenosis were independent risk factors of failure, with risk ratios of 7.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.3-18.9), 3.3 (95% CI, 1.4-7.8), and 2.6 (95% CI, 1.1-6.5), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The inside-out transobturator male sling is an efficient and safe treatment for post-RP SUI at midterm. Patients with prior pelvic irradiation may not be suitable candidates.

Comparison of inflammatory responses after off-pump and on-pump coronary surgery using surface modifying additives circuit.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac surgery is followed by various degrees of inflammation, which have harmful consequences. Because of the central role of extracorporeal circulation (EC), off-pump coronary bypass surgery is deemed preferable. Do different modalities of EC challenge this view? METHODS: Four groups of similar patients underwent coronary surgery: (group 1) on-pump, EC with closed surface modifying additives (SMA) circuit and no pump suckers (n = 20); (group 2) on-pump, EC with open SMA circuit and pump suckers (n = 20); (group 3) off-pump (beating heart) and heparin 3 mg/kg (n = 20); (group 4) off-pump (beating heart) and heparin 1 mg/kg (n = 20). Interleukins (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, myeloperoxidase, elastase, and terminal complex of the complement (TCC) were analyzed at various times: at induction (time I); after heparin (time II); after complete revascularization (time III); after protamine (time IV); and 24 hours later (time V). RESULTS: The TCC was significantly higher in groups 1 and 2 at time III. The pattern of IL-6 was the same for the four groups. No significant difference in myeloperoxydase content was noted; however, elastase was significantly higher in the two EC (on-pump) groups. CONCLUSIONS: Except for the complement system and elastase, on-pump surgery with SMA-coated circuits did not elicit any greater inflammatory response than off-pump surgery.