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In this study, we aimed to conduct a descriptive analysis of the primary physiological and psychological factors influencing the quality of life in women with breast cancer who engage in physical exercise. The study examined the key psychological variables predicting patients' quality of life, perceived support from family and friends, and the perception of physical condition. The sample consisted of 46 women from Cáceres (Spain) aged between 30 and 75 years undergoing breast cancer treatment. The Functional Evaluation Scale in Cancer Therapy (FACT-B+4) was used to measure quality of life; the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale was used to measure autonomy, competence, and social relationships; the Behavior Regulation Questionnaire in Exercise (BREQ-3) was used to measure the types of self-determined motivation for sports participation; the General Evaluation of Self-Esteem Scale was used to measure self-esteem; the International Fitness Scale (IFIS) was used to measure perceived physical condition; and the Perceived Autonomy Support Scale for Exercise Settings (PASSES) was used to measure the perceived autonomy support from family and friends. A multiple regression analysis revealed that perceived physical condition and self-esteem were significant positive predictors of a variance in quality of life, while intrinsic motivation did not significantly predict it. The findings underscore the importance of promoting autonomous motivation in patients to enhance their physical and psychological well-being through physical activity.
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The main objective of this study was to validate the Healthy Lifestyle Questionnaire-EVS III, using confirmatory factor analysis of the measurement model. A total of 822 Portuguese individuals of both genders, aged between 18 and 66 years old (M = 28.43 SD = 12.07), participated in this study, of which 382 were male (46.5%) and 440 were female (53.5%). The main results obtained revealed that the psychometric qualities prove the adequacy of the factor structure of the Healthy Lifestyles Questionnaire-EVS III (7 factors/32 items) and that it has acceptable validity indices: χ2 = 644.6828, p = 0.000, df = 168, χ2/df = 3.84, NFI = 0.901, TLI = 0.902, CFI = 0.921, IFI = 0.922, MFI = 0.900, GFI = 0.909, AGFI = 0.901, RMR = 0.073, SRMR = 0.059 and RMSEA = 0.059, enabling the assessment of factors related to a balanced diet, respect for mealtimes, tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption, consumption of other drugs, resting habits and physical activity habits. The Portuguese version of the Healthy Lifestyles Questionnaire-EVS III can be used with reasonable confidence for the assessment of healthy lifestyles.
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Estilo de Vida Saludable , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Portugal , Psicometría/métodos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
There is a growing interest in the analysis of different methods for monitor fatigue during resistance training sessions. This study aimed to (1) analyse the relationships between the percentage of performed repetitions with respect to the maximum possible number (%REP), RPE and magnitude of velocity loss (VL), and (2) examine whether a multiple regression analysis with the RPE and VL as predictor variables could improve the goodness of fit to predict %REP in the bench press exercise performed in a Smith machine. Seven men performed a repetition maximum test, on 3 separate testing sessions, against 3 different absolute loads based on a target mean velocity (MV) according to an individual load-velocity profile (≈1.00, ≈0.70, and ≈0.50 m/s). MV, VL, %REP and RPE were collected and used for analysis. Based upon quadratic polynomial regression analysis strong relationships were reported between the RPE and %REP (r2 = 0.89 and SEE = 9.85%) and between the VL and %REP (r2 = 0.91 and SEE = 9.85%). Multiple regression analysis with the RPE and VL as predictor variables improved the goodness of fit (r2 = 0.94 and SEE = 7.18%) of the model to predict %REP. These results suggest that both RPE and VL are useful variables to accurately estimate %REP in the bench press exercise.
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Esfuerzo Físico , Entrenamiento de Fuerza , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Ejercicio Físico , Humanos , Masculino , Levantamiento de PesoRESUMEN
Background/Objective: It is essential to carry out a diagnosis of people's healthy lifestyles, in order to apply strategies to improve them. The aim of the study was to validate the Healthy Lifestyles Questionnaire (CEVS-II), collecting all factors that make up the concept of a healthy lifestyle, such as a balanced diet, respect for mealtimes, tobacco consumption, rest habits, alcohol consumption, other drug use and physical activity. Method: The questionnaire was completed by 1,132 people between 18 and 89 (M = 42.43; SD = 18.69) years from different parts of Spain. Results: The seven-factor model proposed by the Confirmatory Factor Analysis, according to the goodness indices, presented an acceptable fit (SRMR = .059; CFI = .973; RMSEA = .049; 90% CI [.046, .052]; χ 2/df = 3.76), also presented good reliability indices and was endowed with concurrent validity. Conclusions: The results of the present study proved the validity and reliability of the Healthy Lifestyles Questionnaire in a Spanish population, which is an adequate instrument for the diagnosis of a healthy lifestyles in the Spanish population.
Antecedentes/Objetivo: Resulta primordial realizar un diagnóstico de los estilos de vida saludables de las personas, con el fin de aplicar estrategias para la mejora de estos. El objetivo del estudio fue validar el Cuestionario de Estilos de Vida Saludables (CEVS-II), recogiendo todos los factores que componen el concepto de estilo de vida saludable como son la alimentación equilibrada, el respeto al horario de las comidas, el consumo de tabaco, los hábitos de descanso, el consumo de alcohol, el consumo de otras drogas y la práctica de actividad física. Método: El cuestionario fue cumplimentado por 1.132 personas de 18-89 (M = 42,43; DT = 18,69) años de diferentes partes de España. Resultados: El modelo de siete factores propuesto por el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio presentó un ajuste aceptable (SRMR = 0,059; CFI = 0,973; RMSEA = 0,049; 90% CI [0,046 - 0,052]; χ 2/df = 3,76), buenos índices de fiabilidad y de validez concurrente. Conclusiones: Los resultados del presente estudio probaron la validez y fiabilidad del Cuestionario de Estilos de Vida Saludables en una muestra española, dando lugar a un instrumento adecuado para la medición de estilos de vida saludables en la población española.
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Physical inactivity is a major concern and poor adherence to exercise programs is often reported. The aim of this paper was to systematically review published reviews on the study of adherence to physical exercise in chronic patients and older adults and to identify those adherence-related key factors more frequently suggested by reviews for that population. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Results were classified considering the target population and participants' characteristics to identify the most repeated factors obtained for each condition. Fifty-five articles were finally included. Fourteen key factors were identified as relevant to increase adherence to physical exercise by at least ten reviews: (a) characteristics of the exercise program, (b) involvement of professionals from different disciplines, (c) supervision, (d) technology, (e) initial exploration of participant's characteristics, barriers, and facilitators, (f) participants education, adequate expectations and knowledge about risks and benefits, (g) enjoyment and absence of unpleasant experiences, (h) integration in daily living, (i) social support and relatedness, (j) communication and feedback, (k) available progress information and monitoring, (l) self-efficacy and competence, (m) participant's active role and (n) goal setting. Therefore, adherence to physical exercise is affected by several variables that can be controlled and modified by researchers and professionals.
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Ejercicio Físico , Cooperación del Paciente , Anciano , Enfermedad Crónica , Terapia por Ejercicio , Humanos , Literatura de Revisión como Asunto , Conducta SedentariaRESUMEN
University students are considered a key population in promoting and establishing healthy lifestyles that will ensure a full life for the next generations. The purpose of this study was to do a cultural and linguistic adaptation of the healthy lifestyle questionnaire for Ecuadorian university students (EVS-EUE). Two thousand, one hundred and eight (2108) students from 17 to 19 years old (27%), 20 to 24 years old (57%), and over 24 years old (16%) participated (M = 21.81 years; SD = 3.04). A confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency analysis, and concurrent validity were conducted. The results of the EVS-EUE Questionnaire presented adequate values (χ2/d.f = 9.02, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.96, Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.96, McDonald Fit Index (MFI) = 0.91, Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI) = 0.94, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.06, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) = 0.03). The internal consistency showed values above 0.70, and analyzed its concurrent validity, reaching adequate values. This study has provided a valid and reliable questionnaire to evaluate healthy lifestyles in the Ecuadorian population.
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Estudiantes , Universidades , Adolescente , Adulto , Ecuador , Análisis Factorial , Estilo de Vida Saludable , Humanos , Psicometría , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The main objective of this study was the validation of the Healthy Lifestyle Questionnaire (EVS II), using a confirmatory factorial analysis of the measurement model, with veteran athletes. A total of 348 veteran Portuguese athletes of both genders, aged between 30 and 60 years (M = 41.64, SD = 9.83), of whom 200 were males and 148 were females, from several sports. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis demonstrate the adequacy of the adapted version of the EVS II, as the factorial structure (6 factors/24 items) has acceptable validity indexes: χ2 = 305.925, p = 0.000, df = 120.017, χ2/df = 2.549, NFI (Normed Fit Index) = 0.909, TLI (Tucker Lewis Index) = 0.918, CFI (Comparative Fit Index) = 0.944, GFI (Goodness of Fit Index) = 0.944, AGFI (Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index) = 0.909, SRMR (Standardized Root Mean Square Residual) = 0.048, RMSEA (Root Mean Square of Approximation) = 0.060, allowing evaluation of the dimensions of balanced diet, respect for mealtime, tobacco and alcohol consumption, other drugs consumption and resting habits. The adaptation to sport of the Portuguese version of EVS II can be used with reasonable confidence in the evaluation of healthy lifestyles in the context of sport.
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Estilo de Vida Saludable , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Lenguaje , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Portugal , Psicometría , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
In Spain, the state of alarm declared on March 14, 2020 caused changes in the population in relation to the habits of physical activity and sports practice. This study analyzed what motivational variables predicted the self-efficacy and commitment to sports practice, as well as the differences according to gender, during lockdown and the progressive de-escalation caused by COVID-19, using the theory of self-determination as a theoretical framework. The study sample was conformed of 179 subjects (90 men and 89 women) between 18 and 65 years of age (M = 28.64; SD = 10.28). The Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ), the Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise Scale (PNSE), the Physical Activity Self-Efficacy scale, and the Sport Commitment scale were applied. The most relevant results have showed significant differences in favor of the male gender in terms of levels of controlled motivation and amotivation, as well as higher levels of self-efficacy and basic psychological need of autonomy. Furthermore, the regression analysis has revealed that self-efficacy and current commitment to sports practice were explained by a variance of 57 and 64%, respectively, due to autonomous motivation and the basic psychological need of competence. Therefore, the basic psychological need of competence should be fostered in order to increase the levels of self-determined motivation, self-efficacy, and commitment to sports practice of the population.
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The aim of this research is focused on analyzing the alteration of the psychophysiological and cognitive response to an objective computerized stress test (Determination Test - DT-, Vienna test System®), when the behavioral response is controlled. The sample used was sports science students (N = 22), with a mean age of 22.82 (Mage = 22.82; SD years = 3.67; MPhysicalActivity hours/Week = 7.77; SD hours/week = 3.32) A quasi-experimental design was used in which the response of each participant to the DT test was evaluated. The variable "number of hours of physical activity per week" and the variable "level of behavioral response to stress" were controlled. Before and after this test, the following parameters were measured: activation and central fatigue (Critical Flicker Fusion Threshold (CFF Critical flicker fusion ascending and Critical flicker fusion descending; DC potential), and perceived exertion (Central Rating of Perceived Exertion and Peripheral Rating of Perceived Exertion). Significant differences were found in all of the measures indicated. The usefulness of this protocol and the measures used to analyze the stress response capacity of the study subjects are discussed.
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Considering the benefits that students report when evaluating physical education classes, the purpose of the present study was to analyse the relationships between the assignment of student responsibility in the evaluation, motivational variables and the satisfaction with the physical education classes, using The Theory of Self-determination as a support method. The sample for this study was 922 students, of both genres and in Compulsory Secondary Education, aged between 14 and 18 years. To carry out the study, the Student's Scale of Responsibility was used in the physical education assessment, the Basic Psychological Needs Measuring Scale, the Percentage Scale for Physical Education Causality and the Satisfaction Scale in Physical Education. The results of the structural equations model revealed a good adjustment to the data. This finding highlights the importance of giving responsibilities to the students in the evaluation process, in order to satisfy the psychological needs of the students and, therefore, self-determined motivation. Additionally, the satisfaction of psychological needs and self-determined motivation increase satisfaction towards physical education classes.
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Modelos Psicológicos , Satisfacción Personal , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/métodos , Adolescente , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Motivación , Autonomía Personal , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico/normasRESUMEN
Resulta primordial que los adolescentes adquieran un estilo de vida activo; por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue averiguar qué variables de la Teoría de Metas de Logro y del Modelo Jerárquico de la Motivación predecían los estadios de cambio para el ejercicio físico del Modelo Transteórico. Para ello, se empleó un diseño de investigación descriptivo transversal, con una muestra de 359 estudiantes de segundo ciclo de ESO y primero de Bachillerato, que respondieron el Cuestionario de Orientación al Aprendizaje y al Rendimiento en las Clases de Educación Física (LAPOPECQ), la Escala de Motivación Educativa (EME), la Escala de medición de las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas (BPNES) y el Cuestionario de Estadios de Cambio para el ejercicio físico - Medida continua (URICA-E2), y se realizaron los análisis factorial exploratorio, confirmatorio, de fiabilidad, descriptivo y de regresión. Los resultados más relevantes mostraron que el estadio de precontemplación fue predicho negativamente por la competencia y positivamente por la desmotivación y la percepción del clima motivacional que implica al ego; el estadio de contemplación-preparación fue predicho positivamente por la competencia y la motivación intrínseca-perfección, la motivación extrínseca-introyectada, y negativamente por la autonomía; y el estadio de acción-mantenimiento fue predicho positivamente por la competencia. Estos resultados sugieren que la necesidad psicológica básica de competencia es la variable más relevante para adherirse a los estadios de práctica de ejercicio físico más activos.
It is essential for adolescents to acquire an active lifestyle. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine which variables of Achievement Goal Theory and the Hierarchical Model of Motivation predicted the change stages for exercise in the Transtheoretical Model. To this effect, a descriptive and cross-section study was carried out with 359 secondary school and undergraduate students. The Learning and Performance Orientations in Physical Education Classes Questionnaire (LAPOPECQ), Academic Motivation Scale (AMS), Basic Psychological Needs Scale (BPNES), and Stages of Change in Exercise - Continuous Measure (URICA-E2) were applied. Exploratory and confirmatory factorial, reliability, descriptive and regression analyses were subsequently conducted. The most relevant results showed that the Pre-contemplation Stage was predicted negatively by Competence, and positively by Amotivation and perception of ego-involving environment. The Contemplation-Preparation Stage was predicted positively by competence and Perfection Intrinsic Motivation - Introjected Extrinsic Motivation and negatively by autonomy. The Action-Maintenance Stage was positively predicted by competence. These results suggesting that basic psychological need of competence is the most relevant variable for the engagement to the more active stages of physical activity.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Ejercicio Físico , Modelo Transteórico , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico , Logro , Autonomía PersonalRESUMEN
Currently, direct empirical evidence exists about the amount of mechanical load that climbers apply to each finger during several hand grips specific to sport climbing, but not yet in a specific hanging position. The objectives of this study are a) to draw and build a solid and rigid support that simulates the real action of a hand grip in a hanging position in sport climbing, to enable the measurement of the mechanical load endured by the fingers in a hanging position and in addition, b) to describe the distribution of mechanical load among fingers as a function of the level of climbing during different hand grips in a hanging position. Thirty young male participants took part in the initial phase of reliability of the measurements, while another 64 male climbers participated in the subsequent study phase to check the relations between independent and dependent variables. The level of on sight climbing and the total practice experience were used to define the groups. The research task consisted of performing hanging positions on the created support in order to measure the mechanical load endured by the fingers in the three most characteristic hand grips in climbing (crimp, half crimp and slope). It has been concluded that the performance level of the climbers had no influence on the production of a pattern of differentiated finger mechanical load during the research task.