Eye movements as predictor of cognitive improvement after cognitive remediation therapy in patients with schizophrenia.

Aim: Baseline cognitive functions of patients predicted the efficacy of cognitive remediation therapy (CRT), but results are mixed. Eye movement is a more objective and advanced assessment of cognitive functions than neuropsychological testing. We aimed to investigate the applicability of eye movements in predicting cognitive improvement after patients with schizophrenia were treated with CRT. Methods: We recruited 79 patients with schizophrenia to complete 8 weeks of CRT and assessed their cognitive improvement outcomes. Eye movements were assessed by prosaccades, antisaccades, and free-viewing tasks at baseline, and neuropsychological tests in four cognitive domains were assessed before and after treatment to calculate treatment outcomes. Predictors of demographic information, clinical characteristics, and eye movement measures at baseline on cognitive improvement outcomes were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. We further compared the predictive performance between eye movement measurements and neuropsychological test regarding the effect of CRT on cognitive improvement, and explored factors that could be affect the treatment outcomes in different cognitive domains. Results: As operationally defined, 33 patients showed improved in cognition (improved group) and 46 patients did not (non-improved group) after CRT. Patients with schizophrenia being employed, lower directional error rate in antisaccade task, and lower the gap effect (i.e., the difference in saccadic latency between the gap condition and overlap condition) in prosaccade task at baseline predicted cognitive improvement in CRT. However, performance in the free-viewing task not associated with cognitive improvement in patients in CRT. Our results show that eye-movement prediction model predicted the effect of CRT on cognitive improvement in patients with schizophrenia better than neuropsychological prediction model in CRT. In addition, baseline eye-movements, cognitive reserve, antipsychotic medication dose, anticholinergic cognitive burden change, and number of training sessions were associated with improvements in four cognitive domains. Conclusion: Eye movements as a non-invasiveness, objective, and sensitive method of evaluating cognitive function, and combined saccadic measurements in pro- and anti-saccades tasks could be more beneficial than free-viewing task in predicting the effect of CRT on cognitive improvement in patients with schizophrenia.

Liver cancer in China: the analysis of mortality and burden of disease trends from 2008 to 2021.

BACKGROUND: Liver cancer is one of the most common cancers in China. To understand the basic death situation and disease burden change trend, we analyze the death information of liver cancer among Chinese residents from 2008 to 2021. METHODS: Data was collected from the Cause-of-Death Surveillance dataset of the National Cause-of-Death Surveillance System from 2008 to 2021. Excel 2016 was used for data entry and to calculate the Crude Mortality Rate (CMR), Age-Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR), Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL), and Potential Years of Life Lost Rate (PYLLR). SPSS 25.0 was used to statistically analyze CMR, ASMR, PYLL, and other indicators. Annual percent change (APC) and average APC(AAPC) was used for trend analysis and tested by t tests. Joinpoint 4.9.1.0 was used to calculate APC and AAPC. Age-Period-Cohort model was used to assess the effects of age, period, and birth cohort on liver cancer mortality. RESULTS: From 2008 to 2021, 491,701 liver cancer deaths were reported in the National Disease Surveillance Points System. The ASMR of liver cancer in Chinese residents decreased from 27.58/100,000 in 2008 to 17.95/100,000 in 2021 at an average annual rate of 3.40% (t = -5.10, P < 0.001). The mortality rate was higher in males than in females (all P < 0.001) and higher in rural areas than in urban areas (all P < 0.001). The mortality rate of liver cancer varied significantly among eastern, central, and western China (all P < 0.001). The PYLLR of liver cancer in Chinese residents decreased from 2.89‰ in 2008 to 2.06‰ in 2021 at an average annual rate of 2.40% (t = -5.10, P < 0.001). Males had a lower PYLLR than females, decreasing at average annual rates of 2.20% (t = -5.40, P < 0.001) and 2.90% (t = -8.40, P < 0.001), respectively. Urban areas had a lower PYLLR than rural areas, decreasing at average annual rate of 3.30% (t = -4.00, P < 0.001) and 2.50% (t = -11.60, P < 0.001), respectively. Eastern, central, and western China decreased at average annual rates of 3.40%, 2.30%, and 2.10%, respectively (t = -7.80, -3.60, -7.10, P < 0.001 for all). The risk of China liver cancer mortality increased with age, decreased with birth cohort. CONCLUSIONS: The mortality and disease burdens of liver cancer in China decreased yearly and were higher in males and in people living in rural areas, with significant differences among those living in eastern, central, and western China.

Acellular fish skin grafts in the treatment of diabetic wounds: Advantages and clinical translation.

Diabetic wounds cannot undergo normal wound healing due to changes in the concentration of hyperglycemia in the body and soon evolve into chronic wounds causing amputation or even death of patients. Diabetic wounds directly affect the quality of patients and social medical management; thus researchers started to focus on skin transplantation technology. The acellular fish skin grafts (AFSGs) are derived from wild fish, which avoids the influence of human immune function and the spread of the virus through low-cost decellularization. AFSGs contain a large amount of collagen and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and they have an amazing effect on wound regeneration. However, after our search in major databases, we found that there were few research trials in this field, and only one was clinically approved. Therefore, we summarized the advantages of AFSGs and listed the problems faced in clinical use. The purpose of this paper is to enable researchers to better carry out original experiments at various stages.

Phosphamide-Based Washing-Durable Flame Retardant for Cotton Fabrics.

A formaldehyde-free reactive flame retardant, an ammonium salt of triethylenetetramine phosphoryl dimethyl ester phosphamide phosphoric acid (ATPEPDPA), was synthesized and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy test (FT-IR), durability test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results suggested that ATPEPDPA was successfully grafted on cotton fabrics through a -N-P(=O)-O-C covalent bond. Moreover, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 20 wt% ATPEPDPA-treated cotton was 44.6%, which met stringent washing standard after 50 laundering cycles (LCs). The high washing resistance of the ATPEPDPA-treated cotton was due to the p-π conjugation between the N atom and the P(=O) group in the flame-retardant molecule, which strengthened the stability of the -N-P(=O)-O-C bonds between ATPEPDPA and cellulose, and the -N-P(=O)-(O-CH3)2 groups in the ATPEPDPA. The cone calorimetric test showed that the treated cotton had excellent flame retardance. In addition, the TG and TG-IR tests suggested that ATPEPDPA performed a condensed flame retardance mechanism. Furthermore, the physical properties and hand feel of the treated cotton were well maintained. These results suggested that introducing -N-P(=O)-(O-CH3)2 and -N-P(=O)-(ONH4)2 groups into ATPEPDPA could significantly increase the fire resistance and durability of cotton fabrics.

Collateral effects of COVID-19 countermeasures on hepatitis E incidence pattern: a case study of china based on time series models.

BACKGROUND: There are abundant studies on COVID-19 but few on its impact on hepatitis E. We aimed to assess the effect of the COVID-19 countermeasures on the pattern of hepatitis E incidence and explore the application of time series models in analyzing this pattern. METHODS: Our pivotal idea was to fit a pre-COVID-19 model with data from before the COVID-19 outbreak and use the deviation between forecast values and actual values to reflect the effect of COVID-19 countermeasures. We analyzed the pattern of hepatitis E incidence in China from 2013 to 2018. We evaluated the fitting and forecasting capability of 3 methods before the COVID-19 outbreak. Furthermore, we employed these methods to construct pre-COVID-19 incidence models and compare post-COVID-19 forecasts with reality. RESULTS: Before the COVID-19 outbreak, the Chinese hepatitis E incidence pattern was overall stationary and seasonal, with a peak in March, a trough in October, and higher levels in winter and spring than in summer and autumn, annually. Nevertheless, post-COVID-19 forecasts from pre-COVID-19 models were extremely different from reality in sectional periods but congruous in others. CONCLUSIONS: Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the Chinese hepatitis E incidence pattern has altered substantially, and the incidence has greatly decreased. The effect of the COVID-19 countermeasures on the pattern of hepatitis E incidence was temporary. The incidence of hepatitis E was anticipated to gradually revert to its pre-COVID-19 pattern.

AHR/cyp1b1 signaling-mediated extrinsic apoptosis contributes to 6PPDQ-induced cardiac dysfunction in zebrafish embryos.

N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPDQ) has raised significant concerns due to its widespread distribution and high toxicity to aquatic organisms. However, the cardiac developmental toxicity of 6PPDQ and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we observed no notable alterations in heart morphology or embryo survival in zebrafish embryos exposed to 6PPDQ (0.2-2000 µg/L) up to 3 days post-fertilization (dpf). However, concentrations at 2 µg/L or higher induced cardiac dysfunctions, leading to lethal effects at later stages (6-8 dpf). We further found that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) inhibitor CH22351 attenuated 6PPDQ-induced cardiac dysfunctions, implicating the involvement of AHR signal pathway. Moreover, 6PPDQ exposure led to an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an upregulation of genes associated with oxidative stress (sod1, sod2, and nrf2a). This was accompanied by an increase in oxidative DNA damage and the induction of p53-dependent extrinsic apoptosis. Co-exposure to the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine effectively counteracted the DNA damage and apoptosis induced by 6PPDQ. Importantly, inhibition of AHR or its downstream target cyp1b1 attenuated 6PPDQ-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis. In conclusion, our results provide evidence that 6PPDQ induces oxidative stress through the AHR/cyp1b1 signaling pathway, leading to DNA damage and extrinsic apoptosis, ultimately resulting in cardiac dysfunction.

Comparison of 18F-FDG PET/CT and conventional methods in diagnosing extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma.

Background: The utility of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma patients is yet to be established. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of PET/CT scanning in detecting NK/T-cell lymphoma. Methods: We analyzed the PET/CT imaging characteristics of 38 patients with a primary diagnosis of NK/T-cell lymphoma and also compared the ability of PET/CT to detect tumor lesions with conventional methods (CMs) (physical examination, computed tomography (CT) with intravenous contrast, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), biopsies from primary sites, and bone marrow examinations)and their impact on staging and treatment options. Biopsy and clinical follow-up (including imaging) are the gold standard for diagnosis. Results: We analyzed PET/CT images of NK/T-cell lymphomas. We found that most of the primary lesions were located in the nasal cavity, with the sinuses and the posterior pharyngeal wall being the most common sites of adjacent invasion. The majority of cases involved cervical lymph nodes, and the distribution of affected lymph nodes between the cervical and extra-cervical regions was random. There was no discernible pattern to the locations of affected tissues and organs across the body. In total, 219 lesions (including 81 nodal lesions and 138 extranodal lesions) tested positive for malignancy. The number of positive lymph node lesions detected by PET/CT and CMs was 79 (97.5 %) and 62 (76.5 %), respectively (P = 0.004). There were 53 (96.4 %) and 46 (83.6 %) cervical lymph nodes detected (P = 0.008), 26 (100 %) and 16 (61.5 %) other lymph nodes detected (P = 0.041)), respectively. The number of positive extranodal lesions detected by PET/CT and CMs was 137 (99.3 %) and 98 (71.0 %), respectively (P = 0.01), and there were no discernible differences in the upper respiratory tract. PET/CT outperformed CMs in the detection of malignant lesions by a significant margin, detecting 79 (98.8 %) extranodal lesions compared to 45 (56.3 %) by CMs (P = 0.034). PET/CT results changed the initial staging in 15.8 % of cases and the treatment plan in 10.5 % of patients. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that 18F-FDG PET/CT scanning is crucial in identifying tumor lesions, determining staging, and devising treatment strategies for individuals diagnosed with NK/T-cell lymphoma.

Prevalence and genetic evolution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in commercial fattening pig farms in China.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the prevalence and evolution of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) at commercial fattening pig farms, a total of 1397 clinical samples were collected from a single fattening cycle at seven pig farms in five provinces of China from 2020 to 2021. RESULTS: The RT‒PCR results revealed that PRRSV was present on all seven farms, and the percentage of PRRSV-positive individuals was 17.54-53.33%. A total of 344 partial NSP2 gene sequences and 334 complete ORF5 gene sequences were obtained from the positive samples. The statistical results showed that PRRSV-2 was present on all seven commercial fattening farms, and PRRSV-1 was present on only one commercial fattening farm. A total of six PRRSV-2 subtypes were detected, and five of the seven farms had two or more PRRSV-2 subtypes. L1.8 (L1C) PRRSV was the dominant epidemic strain on five of the seven pig farms. Sequence analysis of L1.8 (L1C) PRRSV from different commercial fattening pig farms revealed that its consistency across farms varied substantially. The amino acid alignment results demonstrated that there were 131 aa discontinuous deletions in NSP2 between different L1.8 (L1C) PRRSV strains and that the GP5 mutation in L1.8 (L1C) PRRSV was mainly concentrated in the peptide signal region and T-cell epitopes. Selection pressure analysis of GP5 revealed that the use of the PRRSV MLV vaccine had no significant episodic diversifying effect on L1.8 (L1C) PRRSV. CONCLUSION: PRRSV infection is common at commercial fattening pig farms in China, and the percentage of positive individuals is high. There are multiple PRRSV subtypes of infection at commercial fattening pig farms in China. L1.8 (L1C) is the main circulating PRRSV strain on commercial fattening pig farms. L1.8 (L1C) PRRSV detected at different commercial fattening pig farms exhibited substantial differences in consistency but similar molecular characteristics. The pressure on the GP5 of L1.8 (L1C) PRRSV may not be directly related to the use of the vaccines.

Improved detection sensitivity of anti-PRV variant antibodies through preparation of anti-gB and anti-gE monoclonal antibodies and development of blocking ELISAs.

Since 2011, PRV has resurged in China and is characterized by a mutated strain with significant alterations in antigenicity and virulence. Therefore, we hypothesized that antibody detection kits based on classic PRV strains may have limitations in detecting PRV variants. For more sensitive antibody detection of PRV variants, two MABs targeting the gB and gE proteins were developed. IFA revealed that these MABs exhibited strong reactivity toward both classic and variant PRV strains. MAB-gE recognizes a novel conserved linear B-cell epitope (41PSAEVWD47), while MAB-gB recognizes a conformational B-cell epitope. The binding of both MABs was effectively inhibited in the PRV-positive pig blood samples. Accordingly, we established blocking-ELISAs to detect anti-PRV gB and gE antibodies, which achieved higher sensitivity than commercial kits. Moreover, the clinical serum samples results of our method and that of IFA were in high agreement, and our test results had a higher coincidence rate than that of a commercial kit. Assessing antibody levels by our methods at various times following immunization and challenge accurately reflected the trend of antibody-level changes and revealed the conversion to positive antibody status before the commercial kit. Our method is crucial for monitoring PRV infections, assessing immune responses, and controlling disease.

A cationic, durable, P/N-containing starch-based flame retardant for cotton fabrics.

A cationic, durable flame retardant for cotton fabrics, 6-(2-(dimethoxy phosphoryl)-2-(trimethyl ammonium)) methoxy-2-methoxy-polysaccharide ammonium phosphate (DTPAP), was synthesized. Its structure was verified by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. According to the FTIR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), DTPAP formed P(=O)-O-C bonds with cellulose molecules and firmly grafted to cotton fabrics, giving the fabric a high durability. DTPAP-25-treated fabrics passed the vertical flame test (VFT), and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) was 43.9 %. After 50 laundering cycles (LCs), the DTPAP-25-treated fabrics had an LOI of 29.9 %, passed the VFT, and retained their flame retardancy. EDS data showed that, compared with engrafted cationic ammonium phosphate flame retardants, the DTPAP-treated fabrics contained fewer metal ions. Cone calorimetry data showed that DTPAP-25-treated fabrics did not display concentrated heat release. The results suggested that DTPAP exhibited a condensed-phase flame retardant mechanism, and the introduction of cations into the ammonium phosphate flame retardant reduced ion exchange, which improved the durability.

MCNet: A multi-level context-aware network for the segmentation of adrenal gland in CT images.

Accurate segmentation of the adrenal gland from abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans is a crucial step towards facilitating the computer-aided diagnosis of adrenal-related diseases such as essential hypertension and adrenal tumors. However, the small size of the adrenal gland, which occupies less than 1% of the abdominal CT slice, poses a significant challenge to accurate segmentation. To address this problem, we propose a novel multi-level context-aware network (MCNet) to segment adrenal glands in CT images. Our MCNet mainly consists of two components, i.e., the multi-level context aggregation (MCA) module and multi-level context guidance (MCG) module. Specifically, the MCA module employs multi-branch dilated convolutional layers to capture geometric information, which enables handling of changes in complex scenarios such as variations in the size and shape of objects. The MCG module, on the other hand, gathers valuable features from the shallow layer and leverages the complete utilization of feature information at different resolutions in various codec stages. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the MCNet on two CT datasets, including our clinical dataset (Ad-Seg) and a publicly available dataset known as Distorted Golden Standards (DGS), from different perspectives. Compared to ten other state-of-the-art segmentation methods, our MCNet achieves 71.34% and 75.29% of the best Dice similarity coefficient on the two datasets, respectively, which is at least 2.46% and 1.19% higher than other segmentation methods.

DiSignAtlas: an atlas of human and mouse disease signatures based on bulk and single-cell transcriptomics.

Molecular signatures are usually sets of biomolecules that can serve as diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, or therapeutic markers for a specific disease. Omics data derived from various high-throughput molecular biology technologies offer global, unbiased and appropriately comparable data, which can be used to identify such molecular signatures. To address the need for comprehensive disease signatures, DiSignAtlas (http://www.inbirg.com/disignatlas/) was developed to provide transcriptomics-based signatures for a wide range of diseases. A total of 181 434 transcriptome profiles were manually curated from studies involving 1836 nonredundant disease types in humans and mice. Then, 10 306 comparison datasets comprising both disease and control samples, including 328 single-cell RNA sequencing datasets, were established. Furthermore, a total of 3 775 317 differentially expressed genes in humans and 1 723 674 in mice were identified as disease signatures by analysing transcriptome profiles using commonly used pipelines. In addition to providing multiple methods for the retrieval of disease signatures, DiSignAtlas provides downstream functional enrichment analysis, cell type analysis and signature correlation analysis between diseases or species when available. Moreover, multiple analytical and comparison tools for disease signatures are available. DiSignAtlas is expected to become a valuable resource for both bioscientists and bioinformaticians engaged in translational research.

Associations of adverse childhood experiences with common psychiatric disorder in later life: results from the China mental health survey.

BACKGROUND: Associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and common psychiatric disorders among older Chinese individuals have not been well reported. The objectives of this study are to examine the prevalence of ACEs and the associations of ACEs with common psychiatric disorders among older adults in China. METHODS: The study used data from the China Mental Health Survey (CMHS), a nationally representative epidemiological survey, which used computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI), logistic regression models were used to examine community-based adult psychiatric disorders and associated risk factors. Finally, 2,317 individuals aged 60 years or over were included in the CMHS. The national prevalence of ACEs in older adults were estimated and logistic regression were used to analyse the association between ACEs and past-year psychiatric disorders. RESULTS: Prevalence of ACEs among older adults in China was 18.1%. The three most common types of ACEs were neglect (11.6%), domestic violence (9.2%), and parental loss (9.1%). This study proved the association between ACEs and common past-year psychiatric disorders in older adults. ACEs increased the risk of past-year psychiatric disorders in older adults. After adjustment for age, sex, marital status, employment status, education, rural or urban residence, region, and physical diseases, the association between ACEs and past-year psychiatric disorders were still significant. CONCLUSIONS: ACEs are linked to an increased risk for past-year psychiatric disorders in older adults. ACEs may have long-term effects on older adults' mental well-being. Preventing ACEs may help reduce possible adverse health outcomes in later life.

Underwater laser positioning of targets outside the field of view based on a binocular vision.

An underwater laser positioning scheme based on a binocular camera is introduced. In spite of the scattering, the underwater laser light path can be clearly captured by a camera within an appropriate range depending on the water turbidity. For an emitting laser with a fixed position, the three-dimensional information of the laser source can be calculated from the beam images captured by a binocular camera, even if the laser is out of the camera's field of view (FOV). This method can break through the FOV limitation of traditional camera positioning and perform a 3D spatial positioning for the target even outside the FOV of the camera. We simulate and analyze the scattering light imaging and find that the laser propagation direction can be recognized from the scattering image. The experimental results show that the proposed underwater positioning scheme achieves an average 3D positioning error of 5.53 cm within a range of 5 m when the underwater attenuation is 0.325m -1.

Serum iron fluctuations link ferroptosis process with mortality and prognosis of acute pancreatitis.

Recently, the existence of ferroptosis has been confirmed in chronic pancreatitis. However, its role in acute pancreatitis (AP) process, especially in critical status, has not yet been mentioned. To verify this hypothesis, we included 873 AP patients (training set) and 1,188 NAFLD patients (internal validation set) selected from MIMIC-III (Medical Information Mark for Intensive Care) database and 218 AP patients (external validation set) in Linshui County People's Hospital ICU data. We analyzed the correlation between mortality and ferroptosis associating factors (such as serum iron, ALP, lactate, etc.) in them through regression analysis. In addition, to test the significance of these factors, the nomogram, AUC, and DCA analysis were applied. The results showed that serum iron, IBC, ALP, and lactate (p < 0.05) were independent factors for the mortality and prognosis of these patients. These correlations suggest ferroptosis and follow-up cell programmed death may own an important clinical interference significance among this population.

Analysis of changes in bacterial diversity in healthy and bacterial wilt mulberry samples using metagenomic sequencing and culture-dependent approaches.

Introduction: Mulberry bacterial wilt is a serious destructive soil-borne disease caused by a complex and diverse group of pathogenic bacteria. Given that the bacterial wilt has been reported to cause a serious damage to the yield and quality of mulberry, therefore, elucidation of its main pathogenic groups is essential in improving our understanding of this disease and for the development of its potential control measures. Methods: In this study, combined metagenomic sequencing and culture-dependent approaches were used to investigate the microbiome of healthy and bacterial wilt mulberry samples. Results: The results showed that the healthy samples had higher bacterial diversity compared to the diseased samples. Meanwhile, the proportion of opportunistic pathogenic and drug-resistant bacterial flora represented by Acinetobacter in the diseased samples was increased, while the proportion of beneficial bacterial flora represented by Proteobacteria was decreased. Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC), Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC), Klebsiella pneumoniae, K. quasipneumoniae, K. michiganensis, K. oxytoca, and P. ananatis emerged as the main pathogens of the mulberry bacterial wilt. Discussion: In conclusion, this study provides a valuable reference for further focused research on the bacterial wilt of mulberry and other plants.

Protective Efficacy of a Candidate Live-Attenuated Vaccine Derived from the SD-R Strain against NADC34-like Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus.

NADC34-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strains were first detected in China in 2017 and became major circulating strains in 2021. Our previous study showed that the live-attenuated vaccine candidate SD-R strain could provide broad cross-protection against different NADC30-like PRRSVs (sublineage 1.8). However, the protective effect of SD-R against NADC34-like PRRSV is unclear. Here, a novel NADC34-like PRRSV, LNTZJ1341-2012, was isolated from a pig farm experiencing disease in 2020. Sequence analysis revealed that LNTZJ1341-2012 belonged to PRRSV-2 sublineage 1.5, exhibited the same Nsp2 amino-acid deletion characteristics as IA/2014/NADC34, and had not recombined with other strains. Additionally, a good challenge model was established to evaluate the protection afforded by the candidate SD-R vaccine against infection with a representative NADC34-like strain (LNTZJ1341-2012). The control piglets in the challenge experiment displayed clinical signs typical of PRRSV infection, including transient fever, high viremia, mild clinical symptoms, and histopathological changes in the lungs and submaxillary lymph nodes. In contrast, SD-R vaccination significantly reduced serum and lung tissue viral loads, and vaccinated piglets did not show any clinical symptoms or histopathological changes. Our results demonstrated that LNTZJ1341-2012 is a mildly virulent NADC34-like PRRSV and that the live-attenuated vaccine SD-R can prevent the onset of clinical signs upon challenge with the NADC34-like PRRSV LNTZJ1341-2012 strain, indicating that SD-R is a promising vaccine candidate for the swine industry.

Potential cross-species transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 subtype (HPAI H5) viruses to humans calls for the development of H5-specific and universal influenza vaccines.

In recent years, highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 subtype (HPAI H5) viruses have been prevalent around the world in both avian and mammalian species, causing serious economic losses to farmers. HPAI H5 infections of zoonotic origin also pose a threat to human health. Upon evaluating the global distribution of HPAI H5 viruses from 2019 to 2022, we found that the dominant strain of HPAI H5 rapidly changed from H5N8 to H5N1. A comparison of HA sequences from human- and avian-derived HPAI H5 viruses indicated high homology within the same subtype of viruses. Moreover, amino acid residues 137A, 192I, and 193R in the receptor-binding domain of HA1 were the key mutation sites for human infection in the current HPAI H5 subtype viruses. The recent rapid transmission of H5N1 HPAI in minks may result in the further evolution of the virus in mammals, thereby causing cross-species transmission to humans in the near future. This potential cross-species transmission calls for the development of an H5-specific influenza vaccine, as well as a universal influenza vaccine able to provide protection against a broad range of influenza strains.

Suicidal ideation and its relationship with mental health reported by different informants among children aged 6-12.

BACKGROUND: Suicidal ideation in children has received less attention than in adolescents. This study aimed to explore the self-reported prevalence of suicidal ideation among children aged 6-12 and to identify the relationship between self-reported suicidal ideation and children's mental health reported by different informants in Chinese setting. METHOD: The study sample was 1479 children aged 6-12 from three elementary schools in Tianjin. Children completed the Dominic Interactive to report their mental health and suicidal ideation. Parents and teachers completed the Socio-Demographic Questionnaire and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). RESULTS: The prevalence of suicidal thoughts and death thoughts was 18.05 % and 16.90 %, respectively. Parent reported emotional symptoms, ADHD, and externalized problems were associated with death thoughts, and ADHD was associated with suicidal thoughts. For teacher's reports, emotional symptoms, and impact were associated with death thoughts, and ADHD, peer problems, internalized problems, and internalized and externalized comorbidity were associated with suicidal thoughts. All of the children's self-reported mental health problems were associated with suicidal thoughts and death thoughts. LIMITATIONS: Causality cannot be inferred in a cross-sectional study. CONCLUSION: Suicidal ideation is not uncommon in Chinese children. The relationships between mental health problems and suicidal ideation varied in different informants. Suicide prevention in young children should be enhanced, and screening for suicidal ideation is recommended at the onset of different informants who reported specific mental health problems.

Analysis of endophytic bacterial flora of mulberry cultivars susceptible and resistant to bacterial wilt using metagenomic sequencing and culture-dependent approach.

Endophytes have a wide range of potential in maintaining plant health and sustainable agricultural environmental conditions. In this study, we analysed the diversity of endophytic bacteria in four mulberry cultivars with different resistance capacity against bacterial wilt using metagenomic sequencing and culture-dependent approaches. We further assessed the role of 11 shared genera in the control of bacterial wilt of mulberry. The results of the present study showed that Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the three dominant phyla in all communities, with the representative genera Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas. The diversity analysis showed that the communities of the highly and moderately resistant varieties were more diverse compared to those of the weakly resistant and susceptible varieties. The control tests of mulberry bacterial wilt showed that Pantoea, Atlantibacter, Stenotrophomonas, and Acinetobacter were effective, with a control rate of over 80%. Microbacterium and Kosakonia were moderately effective, with a control rate between 50 and 80%. At the same time, Escherichia, Lysinibacillus, Pseudomonas, and Rhizobium were found to be less effective, with a control rate of less than 40%. In conclusion, this study provides a reasonable experimental reference data for the control of bacterial wilt of mulberry.