Association between tertiary lymphoid structures and clinical outcomes in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: an updated meta-analysis.

Background: Although numerous studies have reported the association between tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) and clinical outcomes in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), there remains a lack of a newer and more comprehensive meta-analysis. The main objective of this study is to explore prognostic biomarkers in immunotherapy-related patients, through analyzing the associations between tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) and clinical outcomes in cancer patients treated with ICIs, so as to investigate their prognostic value in cancer patients treated with ICIs. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted until February 2024 across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases to identify relevant studies evaluating the association between tertiary lymphoid structures and clinical outcomes in cancer patients treated with ICIs. The clinical outcomes were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and objective response rate (ORR). Results: Thirteen studies were incorporated in this meta-analysis, among which nine evaluated the prognostic value of TLSs. The results showed the high levels of TLSs predicted a significantly prolonged OS (pooled HR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.24-0.53, p < 0.001) and PFS (pooled HR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.31-0.72, p < 0.001), while lower ORR (pooled OR = 3.78, 95% CI: 2.26-6.33, p < 0.001) in cancer patients treated with ICIs. Conclusion: Our results indicated that high levels of TLSs could predict a favorable prognosis for cancer patients treated with ICIs and have the potential to become a prognostic biomarker of immunotherapy-related patients.

A case of hypopharyngeal amyloidosis by digestive endoscopy. / æ¶ˆåŒ–å† é•œæ£€æŸ¥å‘çŽ°ä¸‹å’½éƒ¨æ·€ç²‰æ ·å˜æ€§1例.

Amyloidosis is a rare disease. This paper reports a case of localized secondary hypopharyngeal amyloidosis presenting with pulmonary tuberculosis as the initial symptom. The patient lacked specific clinical manifestations and primarily exhibited symptoms such as cough, sputum production, acid reflux, belching, and abdominal pain. Chest CT indicated bronchiectasis with infection and pulmonary tuberculosis. Digestive endoscopy revealed a white mucosal elevation at the right pyriform sinus of the hypopharynx. Pathological diagnosis confirmed amyloid deposits in the hypopharyngeal mucosal tissue. The patient tested positive for anti-amyloid A antibodies, Congo red staining (+), and periodate Schiff staining (+). Amyloidosis commonly affects the digestive system and may have various etiologies, often presenting with symptoms that overlap with other digestive system diseases, leading to frequent misdiagnosis and missed optimal treatment opportunities. The hypopharynx, a highly folded and narrow chamber that serves as a common passage for the digestive and respiratory tracts, can be effectively evaluated for amyloidosis using digestive endoscopy.

(-)-Epicatechin gallate prevented atherosclerosis by reducing abnormal proliferation of VSMCs and oxidative stress of AML 12 cells.

(-)-Epicatechin gallate (ECG) is beneficial to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), especially atherosclerosis (AS) through antioxidant stress, but there is a lack of detailed mechanism research. In this study, the therapeutic target of ECG was determined by crossing the drug target and disease target of CVDs and AS. The combination ability of ECG with important targets was verified by Discovery Studio software. The abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by Ang-II and the oxidative damage of AML 12 induced by H2O2 were established to verify the reliability of ECG intervention on the target protein. A total of 120 ECG targets for the treatment of CVDs-AS were predicted by network pharmacology. The results of molecular docking showed that ECG has strong binding force with VEGFA, MMP-9, CASP3 and MMP-2 domains. In vitro experiments confirmed that ECG significantly reduced the expression of VEGFA, MMP-9, CASP3 and MMP-2 in Ang-II-induced VSMCs, and also blocked the abnormal proliferation, oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction of VSMCs by inhibiting the phosphorylation of PI3K signaling pathway. At the same time, ECG also interfered with H2O2-induced oxidative damage of AML 12 cells, decreased the expression of ROS and MDA and cell foaming, and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, thus playing a protective role.

ß-Cyclodextrin and Hyaluronic Acid-Modified Targeted Nanodelivery System for Atherosclerosis Prevention.

Natural products have been widely recognized in clinical treatment because of their low toxicity and high activity. It is worth paying attention to modifying the biopolymer into nanostructures to give natural active ingredients additional targeting effects. In this study, based on the multifunctional modification of ß-cyclodextrin (ß-CD), a nanoplatform encapsulating the unstable drug (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) was designed to deliver to atherosclerotic plaques. Acetalization cyclodextrin (PH-CD), which responds to low-pH environments, and hyaluronic acid cyclodextrin, which targets the CD44 receptor on macrophage membranes, were synthesized from ß-CD and hyaluronic acid using acetalization and transesterification, respectively. The resulting dual-carrier nanoparticles (Double-NPs) loaded with ECG were prepared using a solvent evaporation method. The Double-NPs effectively scavenged reactive oxygen species, promoted macrophage migration, inhibited macrophage apoptosis, and suppressed abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, the Double-NPs actively accumulated in atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-/- mice fed with a high-fat diet, leading to a reduced plaque area, inflammatory infiltration, and plaque instability. Our findings demonstrate that the newly developed ECG nanopreparation represents an effective and safe nanotherapy for diseases such as atherosclerosis.

The safety of benzodiazepines and related drugs during pregnancy: an updated meta-analysis of cohort studies.

PURPOSE: The prevalence of benzodiazepines and related drugs (BZRDs) use during pregnancy increased sharply in recent years. Thus, there are concerns regarding the pregnancy outcomes following exposure to BZRDs. METHODS: Two electronic databases were thoroughly searched to identify related clinical studies published from inception until June 2023. English-language cohort studies with high-quality comparing antenatal BZRDs exposure to an unexposed group on any delivery outcome were included. RESULTS: Ten cohort studies that estimated adverse neonatal outcomes associated with exposure to BZRDs during pregnancy were included. Exposure to BZRDs during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of congenital malformation [odds ratio (OR) 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-1.13, p < 0.001], heart malformation (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04-1.22, p = 0.003), preterm birth (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.23-1.7, p < 0.001), SGA (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.08-1.29, P < 0.001), LBW (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.25-1.6, p = 0.001) or low Apgar score (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.08-1.87, p = 0.011),compared with no exposure. Further analyses limited to the first trimester exposure yielded consistent results. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to BZRDs during pregnancy may be associated with several adverse neonatal outcomes. However, we could not rule out the potential indication confounding factor, further studies with high-quality that control for important confounders are still needed to verify our findings.

The coupling coordination relationship between sports industry agglomeration and economic resilience in the Yangtze River Delta region.

With a rapidly growing sports industry worldwide, one may argue that sports industry agglomeration can play a crucial role in the economy of the sports industry. In particularly, the coupling linkage between sports industry agglomeration and economic resilience can be leveraged to promote both economic quality and efficiency. Based on data on three provinces and one city in the Yangtze River Delta region during the 2011-2020 period, this study uses the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method, coupling coordination degree model, and relative development models to explore the coupling coordination relationship between sports industry agglomeration and economic resilience in this region. The results show that: (1) Sports industry agglomeration shows an overall increasing albeit fluctuating trend with inter-provincial differences. (2) Economic resilience has steadily increased, while the economic resilience kernel density curve generally shows a "dual peaks" trend. (3) The coupling coordination between sports industry agglomeration and economic resilience remains in a fluctuating, albeit coordinated state. These findings are relevant for the integration and high-quality development of the sports industry in the Yangtze River Delta region.

Correlation between the development of phage resistance and the original antibiotic resistance of host bacteria under the co-exposure of antibiotic and bacteriophage.

Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses capable of regulating the proliferation of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB). However, phages that directly cause host lethality may quickly select for phage resistant bacteria, and the co-evolutionary trade-offs under varying environmental conditions, including the presence of antibiotics, remains unclear as to their impact on phage and antibiotic resistance. Here, we report the emergence of phage resistance in three distinct E. coli strains with varying resistance to ß-lactam antibiotics, treated with different ampicillin (AMP) concentrations. Hosts exhibiting stronger antibiotic resistance demonstrated a higher propensity to develop and maintain stable phage resistance. When exposed to polyvalent phage KNT-1, the growth of AMP-sensitive E. coli K12 was nearly suppressed within 18 h, while the exponential growth of AMP-resistant E. coli TEM and super-resistant E. coli NDM-1 was delayed by 12 h and 8 h, respectively. The mutation frequency and mutated colony count of E. coli NDM-1 were almost unaffected by co-existing AMP, whereas for E. coli TEM and K12, these metrics significantly decreased with increasing AMP concentration from 8 to 50 µg/mL, becoming unquantifiable at 100 µg/mL. Furthermore, the fitness costs of phage resistance mutation and its impact on initial antibiotic resistance in bacteria were further examined, through analyzing AMP susceptibility, biofilm formation and EPS secretion of the isolated phage resistant mutants. The results indicated that acquiring phage resistance could decrease antibiotic resistance, particularly for hosts lacking strong antibiotic resistance. The ability of mutants to form biofilm contributes to antibiotic resistance, but the correlation is not entirely positive, while the secretion of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), especially the protein content, plays a crucial role in protecting the bacteria from both antibiotic and phage exposure. This study explores phage resistance development in hosts with different antibiotic resistance and helps to understand the limitations and possible solutions of phage-based technologies.

Effect of genotyping errors on linkage map construction based on repeated chip analysis of two recombinant inbred line populations in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Linkage maps are essential for genetic mapping of phenotypic traits, gene map-based cloning, and marker-assisted selection in breeding applications. Construction of a high-quality saturated map requires high-quality genotypic data on a large number of molecular markers. Errors in genotyping cannot be completely avoided, no matter what platform is used. When genotyping error reaches a threshold level, it will seriously affect the accuracy of the constructed map and the reliability of consequent genetic studies. In this study, repeated genotyping of two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations derived from crosses Yangxiaomai × Zhongyou 9507 and Jingshuang 16 × Bainong 64 was used to investigate the effect of genotyping errors on linkage map construction. Inconsistent data points between the two replications were regarded as genotyping errors, which were classified into three types. Genotyping errors were treated as missing values, and therefore the non-erroneous data set was generated. Firstly, linkage maps were constructed using the two replicates as well as the non-erroneous data set. Secondly, error correction methods implemented in software packages QTL IciMapping (EC) and Genotype-Corrector (GC) were applied to the two replicates. Linkage maps were therefore constructed based on the corrected genotypes and then compared with those from the non-erroneous data set. Simulation study was performed by considering different levels of genotyping errors to investigate the impact of errors and the accuracy of error correction methods. Results indicated that map length and marker order differed among the two replicates and the non-erroneous data sets in both RIL populations. For both actual and simulated populations, map length was expanded as the increase in error rate, and the correlation coefficient between linkage and physical maps became lower. Map quality can be improved by repeated genotyping and error correction algorithm. When it is impossible to genotype the whole mapping population repeatedly, 30% would be recommended in repeated genotyping. The EC method had a much lower false positive rate than did the GC method under different error rates. This study systematically expounded the impact of genotyping errors on linkage analysis, providing potential guidelines for improving the accuracy of linkage maps in the presence of genotyping errors.

Epitaxial Strain Enhanced Ferroelectric Polarization toward a Giant Tunneling Electroresistance.

A substantial ferroelectric polarization is the key for designing high-performance ferroelectric nonvolatile memories. As a promising candidate system, the BaTiO3/La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (BTO/LSMO) ferroelectric/ferromagnetic heterostructure has attracted a lot of attention thanks to the merits of high Curie temperature, large spin polarization, and low ferroelectric coercivity. Nevertheless, the BTO/LSMO heterostructure suffers from a moderate FE polarization, primarily due to the quick film-thickness-driven strain relaxation. In response to this challenge, we propose an approach for enhancing the FE properties of BTO films by using a Sr3Al2O6 (SAO) buffering layer to mitigate the interfacial strain relaxation. The continuously tunable strain allows us to illustrate the linear dependence of polarization on epitaxial strain with a large strain-sensitive coefficient of ∼27 µC/cm2 per percent strain. This results in a giant polarization of ∼80 µC/cm2 on the BTO/LSMO interface. Leveraging this large polarization, we achieved a giant tunneling electroresistance (TER) of ∼105 in SAO-buffered Pt/BTO/LSMO ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs). Our research uncovers the fundamental interplay between strain, polarization magnitude, and device performance, such as on/off ratio, thereby advancing the potential of FTJs for next-generation information storage applications.

Traditional herbal pair Portulacae Herba and Granati Pericarpium alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice through IL-6/STAT3/SOCS3 pathway.

BACKGROUND: Portulacae Herba and Granati Pericarpium pair (PGP) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine treatment for colitis, clinically demonstrating a relatively favorable effect on relieving diarrhea and abnormal stools. However, the underlying mechanism remain uncertain. PURPOSE: The present study intends to evaluate the efficacy of PGP in treating colitis in mice and investigate its underlying mechanism. METHODS: The protective effect of PGP against colitis was determined by monitoring body weight, colon length, colon weight, and survival rate in mice. Colonic inflammation was assessed by serum cytokine levels, colonic H&E staining, and local neutrophil infiltration. The reversal of intestinal epithelial barrier damage by PGP was subsequently analyzed with Western blot and histological staining. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis and molecular docking were performed to identify potential pathways recruited by PGP. Following the hints of the transcriptomic results, the role of PGP through the IL-6/STAT3/SOCS3 pathway in DSS-induced colitis mice was verified by Western blot. RESULTS: DSS-induced colitis in mice was significantly curbed by PGP treatment. PGP treatment significantly mitigated DSS-induced colitis in mice, as evidenced by improvements in body weight, DAI severity, survival rate, and inflammatory cytokines levels in serum and colon. Moreover, PGP treatment up-regulated the level of Slc26a3, thereby increasing the expressions of the tight junction/adherens junction proteins ZO-1, occludin and E-cadherin in the colon. RNA-seq analysis revealed that PGP inhibits the IL-6/STAT3/SOCS3 pathway at the transcriptional level. Molecular docking indicated that the major components of PGP could bind tightly to the proteins of IL-6 and SOCS3. Meanwhile, the result of Western blot revealed that the IL-6/STAT3/SOCS3 pathway was inhibited at the protein level after PGP administration. CONCLUSION: PGP could alleviate colonic inflammation and reverse damage to the intestinal epithelial barrier in DSS-induced colitis mice. The underlying mechanism involves the inhibition of the IL-6/STAT3/SOCS3 pathway.

Characterization of Two Gonadal Genes, zar1 and wt1b, in Hermaphroditic Fish Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer).

Zygote arrest-1 (Zar1) and Wilms' tumor 1 (Wt1) play an important role in oogenesis, with the latter also involved in testicular development and gender differentiation. Here, Lczar1 and Lcwt1b were identified in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer), a hermaphrodite fish, as the valuable model for studying sex differentiation. The cloned cDNA fragments of Lczar1 were 1192 bp, encoding 336 amino acids, and contained a zinc-binding domain, while those of Lcwt1b cDNA were 1521 bp, encoding a peptide of 423 amino acids with a Zn finger domain belonging to Wt1b family. RT-qPCR analysis showed that Lczar1 mRNA was exclusively expressed in the ovary, while Lcwt1b mRNA was majorly expressed in the gonads in a higher amount in the testis than in the ovary. In situ hybridization results showed that Lczar1 mRNA was mainly concentrated in oogonia and oocytes at early stages in the ovary, but were undetectable in the testis. Lcwt1b mRNA was localized not only in gonadal somatic cells (the testis and ovary), but also in female and male germ cells in the early developmental stages, such as those of previtellogenic oocytes, spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids. These results indicated that Lczar1 and Lcwt1b possibly play roles in gonadal development. Therefore, the findings of this study will provide a basis for clarifying the mechanism of Lczar1 and Lcwt1b in regulating germ cell development and the sex reversal of Asian seabass and even other hermaphroditic species.

The TaSOC1-TaVRN1 module integrates photoperiod and vernalization signals to regulate wheat flowering.

Wheat needs different durations of vernalization, which accelerates flowering by exposure to cold temperature, to ensure reproductive development at the optimum time, as that is critical for adaptability and high yield. TaVRN1 is the central flowering regulator in the vernalization pathway and encodes a MADS-box transcription factor (TF) that usually works by forming hetero- or homo-dimers. We previously identified that TaVRN1 bound to an MADS-box TF TaSOC1 whose orthologues are flowering activators in other plants. The specific function of TaSOC1 and the biological implication of its interaction with TaVRN1 remained unknown. Here, we demonstrated that TaSOC1 was a flowering repressor in the vernalization and photoperiod pathways by overexpression and knockout assays. We confirmed the physical interaction between TaSOC1 and TaVRN1 in wheat protoplasts and in planta, and further validated their genetic interplay. A Flowering Promoting Factor 1-like gene TaFPF1-2B was identified as a common downstream target of TaSOC1 and TaVRN1 through transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses. TaSOC1 competed with TaVRT2, another MADS-box flowering regulator, to bind to TaVRN1; their coding genes synergistically control TaFPF1-2B expression and flowering initiation in response to photoperiod and low temperature. We identified major haplotypes of TaSOC1 and found that TaSOC1-Hap1 conferred earlier flowering than TaSOC1-Hap2 and had been subjected to positive selection in wheat breeding. We also revealed that wheat SOC1 family members were important domestication loci and expanded by tandem and segmental duplication events. These findings offer new insights into the regulatory mechanism underlying flowering control along with useful genetic resources for wheat improvement.

Tectoridin alleviates caerulein-induced severe acute pancreatitis by targeting ERK2 to promote macrophage M2 polarization.

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas with a high mortality rate. Macrophages play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis. Tectoridin (Tec) is a highly active isoflavone with anti-inflammatory pharmacological activity. However, the role of Tec in the SAP process is not known. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of Tec on SAP. To establish SAP mice by intraperitoneal injection of caerulein and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the role of Tec in the course of SAP was investigated based on histopathology, biochemical indicators of amylase and lipase and inflammatory factors. The relationship between Tec and macrophage polarization was verified by immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis. We then further predicted the possible targets and signal pathways of action of Tec by network pharmacology and molecular docking, and validated them by in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we demonstrated that Tec significantly reduced pancreatic injury in SAP mice, and decreased serum levels of amylase and lipase. The immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis showed that Tec promoted macrophage M2 polarization. Network pharmacology and molecular docking predicted that Tec may target ERK2 for the treatment of SAP, and in vivo and in vitro experiments proved that Tec inhibited the ERK MAPK signal pathway. In summary, Tec can target ERK2, promote macrophage M2 polarization and attenuate pancreatic injury, Tec may be a potential drug for the treatment of SAP.

Application and development of Deuterium Metabolic Imaging in tumor glucose metabolism: visualization of different metabolic pathways.

Cancer metabolism has emerged as a pivotal area of research recently. The ability to visualize and comprehend the metabolic processes of cancer holds immense clinical value, particularly in the diagnosis of malignant tumors and the assessment of treatment responses. Deuterium Metabolic Imaging (DMI), as a robust, simple, and versatile MR spectroscopic imaging tool, demonstrates promise in tumor diagnosis and treatment efficacy assessment. This review explored the latest developments and applications of DMI in oncology across various tumor metabolic axes, with a specific emphasis on its potential for clinical translation. DMI offers invaluable insights into tumor biology, treatment responses, and prognostic outcomes. Notably, DMI can identify early responses to immunotherapy, a prominent area of current research interest. In conclusion, DMI harbors the potential to evolve into a convenient and efficient imaging technique in clinical practice, thereby advancing precision medicine and improving the diagnosis and evaluation of cancer treatments.

Performance and applications of ZnO/pyrolusite composite particle electrode.

In this research, we employed a synergistic three-dimensional (3D)-electrode technology in combination with a photocatalytic method to effectively treat wastewater containing chlorine derived from sulfonated phenolic resin (SMP). To modulate the band gap of single ZnO through semiconductor compounding, we successfully synthesized a ZnO/pyrolusite composite particle electrode on the surface of a pyrolusite particle electrode via a hydrothermal method. By incorporating MnO2 into pyrolusite, the ZnO band gap was modified, leading to a reduction in bandwidth of approximately 1.21 eV compared to pristine ZnO. Consequently, the light absorption range of the material was significantly broadened. Through the synergistic effect of photocatalysis, we achieved an impressive 96.45% removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in SMP wastewater, which effectively enhanced the photocatalytic performance of the material. Furthermore, our quenching experimental study confirmed the involvement of active chlorine species (ACl: Cl2, HClO, and ClO-), OH, h+, and O2- in the degradation process of SMP within the photocatalytic system constructed by the ZnO/pyrolusite composite particle electrode. The relative contributions were ranked as follows: ACl > h+ > ·OH > ·O2-.

Effects of ultrasound-assisted curing on the quality and microstructure of low-sodium beef jerky.

The effects of ultrasonic brine on the physicochemical properties, sensory quality and microstructure of low-sodium beef jerkies were investigated. Compared with control jerky brined in 1.5% NaCl solution, both of the direct reduction and partial replacement of 50% NaCl by KCl decreased the sodium content. Ultrasonic treatment resulted in sharp reduction in shear force. KCl substitution together with ultrasonic treatment caused the highest yield, a* value and water content, and the water activity of all groups were below 0.85. Only the direct reduction of NaCl had negative effects on the sensory quality. KCl substitution combined with ultrasonic treatment was the most suitable for producing low-sodium beef jerkies with high quality, possibly because the mixed salt had equal total salt content to control. Meanwhile, the cavitation and mechanical effects of ultrasound may unfold protein structure, increase myofibrillar fragmentation index and break the muscle fiber, thus improving the quality of beef jerky.

Rht12b, a widely used ancient allele of TaGA2oxA13, reduces plant height and enhances yield potential in wheat.

KEY MESSAGE: We identified a new wheat dwarfing allele Rht12b conferring reduced height and higher grain yield, pinpointed its causal variations, developed a breeding-applicable marker, and traced its origin and worldwide distribution. Plant height control is essential to optimize lodging resistance and yield gain in crops. RHT12 is a reduced height (Rht) locus that is identified in a mutationally induced dwarfing mutant and encodes a gibberellin 2-oxidase TaGA2oxA13. However, the artificial dwarfing allele is not used in wheat breeding due to excessive height reduction. Here, we confirmed a stable Rht locus, overlapping with RHT12, in a panel of wheat cultivars and its dwarfing allele reduced plant height by 5.4-8.2 cm, equivalent to Rht12b, a new allele of RHT12. We validated the effect of Rht12b on plant height in a bi-parent mapping population. Importantly, wheat cultivars carrying Rht12b had higher grain yield than those with the contrasting Rht12a allele. Rht12b conferred higher expression level of TaGA2oxA13. Transient activation assays defined SNP-390(C/A) in the promoter of TaGA2oxA13 as the causal variation. An efficient kompetitive allele-specific PCR marker was developed to diagnose Rht12b. Conjoint analysis showed that Rht12b plus the widely used Rht-D1b, Rht8 and Rht24b was the predominant Rht combination and conferred a moderate plant height in tested wheat cultivars. Evolutionary tracking uncovered that RHT12 locus arose from a tandem duplication event with Rht12b firstly appearing in wild emmer. The frequency of Rht12b was approximately 70% (700/1005) in a worldwide wheat panel and comparable to or higher than those of other widely used Rht genes, suggesting it had been subjected to positive selection. These findings not only identify a valuable Rht gene for wheat improvement but also develop a functionally diagnostic tool for marker-assisted breeding.

[Deep Learning-Based Identification of Common Complication Features of Surgical Incisions].

Objective: In recent years, due to the development of accelerated recovery after surgery and day surgery in the field of surgery, the average length-of-stay of patients has been shortened and patients stay at home for post-surgical recovery and healing of the surgical incisions. In order to identify, in a timely manner, the problems that may appear at the incision site and help patients prevent or reduce the anxiety they may experience after discharge, we used deep learning method in this study to classify the features of common complications of surgical incisions, hoping to realize patient-directed early identification of complications common to surgical incisions. Methods: A total of 1 224 postoperative photographs of patients' surgical incisions were taken and collected at a tertiary-care hospital between June 2021 and March 2022. The photographs were collated and categorized according to different features of complications of the surgical incisions. Then, the photographs were divided into training, validation, and test sets at the ratio of 8∶1∶1 and 4 types of convolutional neural networks were applied in the training and testing of the models. Results: Through the training of multiple convolutional neural networks and the testing of the model performance on the basis of a test set of 300 surgical incision images, the average accuracy of the four ResNet classification network models, SE-ResNet101, ResNet50, ResNet101, and SE-ResNet50, for surgical incision classification was 0.941, 0.903, 0.896, and 0.918, respectively, the precision was 0.939, 0.898, 0.868, and 0.903, respectively, and the recall rate was 0.930, 0.880, 0.850, and 0.894, respectively, with the SE-Resnet101 network model showing the highest average accuracy of 0.941 for incision feature classification. Conclusion: Through the combined use of deep learning technology and images of surgical incisions, problematic features of surgical incisions can be effectively identified by examining surgical incision images. It is expected that patients will eventually be able to perform self-examination of surgical incisions on smart terminals.

Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of TCP Gene Family among Three Dendrobium Species.

Dendrobium orchids, which are among the most well-known species of orchids, are appreciated for their aesthetic appeal across the globe. Furthermore, due to their strict living conditions, they have accumulated high levels of active ingredients, resulting not only in their medicinal value but also in their strong ability to respond to harsh environments. The TCP gene family plays an important role in plant growth and development, and signal transduction. However, these genes have not been systematically investigated in Dendrobium species. In this study, we detected a total of 24, 23, and 14 candidate TCP members in the genome sequences of D. officinale, D. nobile, and D. chrysotoxum, respectively. These genes were classified into three clades on the basis of a phylogenetic analysis. The TCP gene numbers among Dendrobium species were still highly variable due to the independent loss of genes in the CIN clade. However, only three gene duplication events were detected, with only one tandem duplication event (DcTCP9/DcTCP10) in D. chrysotoxum and two pairs of paralogous DoTCP gene duplication events (DoTCP1/DoTCP23 and DoTCP16/DoTCP24) in D. officinale. A total of 25 cis-acting elements of TCPs related to hormone/stress and light responses were detected. Among them, the proportions of hormone response, light response, and stress response elements in D. officinale (100/421, 127/421, and 171/421) were similar to those in D. nobile (83/352, 87/352, and 161/352). Using qRT-PCR to determine their expression patterns under MeJA treatment, four DoTCPs (DoTCP2, DoTCP4, DoTCP6, and DoTCP14) were significantly upregulated under MeJA treatment, which indicates that TCP genes may play important roles in responding to stress. Under ABA treatment, seven DoTCPs (DoTCP3, DoTCP7, DoTCP9, DoTCP11, DoTCP14, DoTCP15, and DoTCP21) were significantly upregulated, indicating that TCP genes may also play an important role in hormone response. Therefore, these results can provide useful information for studying the evolution and function of TCP genes in Dendrobium species.