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Aims: Clostridium perfringens is one of the major anaerobic pathogen causing food poisoning and animal enteritis. With the rise of antibiotic resistance and the restrictions of the use of antibiotic growth promoting agents (AGPs) in farming, Clostridium enteritis and food contamination have become more common. It is time-consuming and labor-intensive to confirm the detection by standard culture methods, and it is necessary to develop on-site rapid detection tools. In this study, a combination of recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and lateral flow biosensor (LFB) was used to visually detect C. perfringens in chicken meat and milk. Methods and results: Two sets of primers were designed for the plc gene of C. perfringens, and the amplification efficiency and specificity of the primers. Selection of primers produces an amplified fragment on which the probe is designed. The probe was combined with the lateral flow biosensor (LFB). The reaction time and temperature of RPA-LFB assay were optimized, and the sensitivity of the assay was assessed. Several common foodborne pathogens were selected to test the specificity of the established method. Chicken and milk samples were artificially inoculated with different concentrations (1 × 102 CFU/mL to 1 × 106 CFU/mL) of C. perfringens, and the detection efficiency of RPA-LFB method and PCR method was compared. RPA-LFB can be completed in 20 min and the results can be read visually by the LFB test strips. The RPA-LFB has acceptable specificity and the lowest detection limit of 100 pg./µL for nucleic acid samples. It was able to stably detect C. perfringens contamination in chicken and milk at the lowest concentration of 1 × 104 CFU/mL and 1 × 103 CFU/mL, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, RPA-LFB is specific and sensitive. It is a rapid, simple and easy-to-visualize method for the detection of C. perfringens in food and is suitable for use in field testing work.
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A precise quantification of energy gap for a molecular semiconductor is crucial. However, there has always been a lack of a suitable method which results in an inaccurate measurement. In this research, a three-terminal vertical structure (Al/AlOX/Au/ molecular semiconductor/Al), named hot electron transistor has been designed to be the most powerful method for energy gap determination. By analysing the IC-hot-VEB curves, the electron injected barrier and hole injected barrier can be extracted. In combination of the both, the energy gap of four objects, including PBDB-T-2Cl, C60, PTCDA, and Alq3, has been determined finally.
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AIM: To compare high or low concentration of hyaluronic acid eye drops (HY) for dry eye syndromes (DES). METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing various concentrations of HY were searched in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang Database, CQVIP, and Chinese journals databases between inception and July 2023. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) or weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) from RCTs evaluating Schirmer's I test (SIT), corneal fluorescein staining score (CFS), tear breakup time (TBUT), DES score (DESS), and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) were calculated. Sensitivity analysis, Egger's test and Meta-regression analysis were performed for all indicators. RESULTS: We conducted a Meta-analysis of 10 RCTs that met the inclusion criteria, involving 1796 cases. High-concentrations group significantly improved the outcome of CFS according to random effects modelling (SMD, -3.37; 95%CI, -5.25 to -1.48; P=0.0005). The rest of the results were not statistically significant, including indicators such as SIT, TBUT, DESS and OSDI. CONCLUSION: For dry eyes with positive corneal staining, a high concentration of HY is recommended, whereas in other cases, a high concentration of HY does not offer a more pronounced advantage over a low concentration of HY in the treatment of dry eyes.
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Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks-8 (ZIF-8) is commonly used as an ideal precursor for non-noble metal catalysts because of its high specific surface area, ultra-high porosity, and N-rich content. Upon pyrolyzing ZIF-8 at 900 °C in Ar, the resulting material, referred to as Z8, displayed good activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Then the ZIF-8 was mixed with various conductive carbon materials, such as multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Acetylene black (ACET), Vulcan XC-72R (XC-72R), and Ketjenblack EC-600JD (EC-600JD), to form Z8 composites. The Z8/MWCNTs composite exhibited enhanced ORR activity owing to its network structure, meso-/microporous hierarchical porous structure, improved electrical conductivity, and graphitization. Subsequently, iron and nitrogen co-doping is achieved through the pyrolysis of a mixture comprising Fe, N precursor, and ZIF-8/MWCNTs, which is denoted as FeN-Z8/MWCNTs. The intrinsically high electrical conductivity of MWCNTs facilitated efficient electron transfer during the ORR, while the meso-/microporous hierarchical porous structure and network structure of Fe, N co-doped ZIF-8/MWCNTs promoted oxygen transport. The presence of Fe-containing species in the catalyst acted as activity centers for ORR. This strategy of preparing Z8 composites and modifying them with Fe, N co-doping offers an insightful approach to designing cost-effective electrocatalysts.
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BACKGROUND: Ischemic stroke (IS) is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Inflammatory response is crucial in the pathogenesis of tissue injury in cerebral infarction. Arctium lappa leaves are traditionally used to treat IS. PURPOSES: To investigate the neuroprotective effects and molecular mechanisms of the ethanolic extract of A. lappa leaves (ALLEE) on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR). METHODS: Middle cerebral artery obstruction reperfusion (MCAO/R) rats and an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) cell model were used to evaluate ALLEE pharmacodynamics. Various methods, including neurological function, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, hematoxylin and eosin, and Nissl, enzyme-linked immunosorbent, and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assays, were used to analyze the neuroprotective effects of ALLEE in vitro and in vivo. The major chemical components and potential target genes of ALLEE were screened using network pharmacology. Molecular docking, western blotting, and immunofluorescence analyses were performed to confirm the effectiveness of the targets in related pathways. RESULTS: ALLEE exerted potent effects on the MCAO/R model by decreasing the neurological scores, infarct volumes, and pathological features (p < 0.01). Furthermore, network pharmacology results revealed that the treatment of IS with ALLEE involved the regulation of various inflammatory pathways, such as the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and chemokine signaling pathways. ALLEE also played key roles in targeting key molecules, including nuclear factor (NF)-κBIA, NF-κB1, interleukin (IL)-6, TNF-α and IL1ß, and regulating the histone deacetylase (HDAC)-9-mediated signaling pathway. In vivo and in vitro analyses revealed that ALLEE significantly regulated the NF-κB pathway, promoted the phosphorylation activation of NF-κB P65, IκB and IKK (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05), and decreased the expression levels of the inflammatory factors, IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α (p < 0.01). Moreover, ALLEE significantly decreased the expression of HDAC9 (p < 0.01) that is associated with inflammatory responses. However, HDAC9 overexpression partially reversed the neuroprotective effects of ALLEE and its suppressive effects on inflammation and phosphorylation of NF-κB (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our results revealed that ALLEE ameliorates MCAO/R-induced experimental CIR by modulating inflammatory responses via the inhibition of HDAC9-mediated NF-κB pathway.
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Arctium , Infarto de la Arteria Cerebral Media , Fármacos Neuroprotectores , Extractos Vegetales , Hojas de la Planta , Daño por Reperfusión , Transducción de Señal , Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Arctium/química , Isquemia Encefálica/tratamiento farmacológico , Etanol , Histona Desacetilasas/metabolismo , Infarto de la Arteria Cerebral Media/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/química , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Daño por Reperfusión/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteínas Represoras/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The rapid development of mobile communication devices has brought challenges to wireless networks, where data packets are able to organize and maintain local area networks more freely without the constraints of wired devices. Scholars have developed diverse network protocols on how to ensure data transmission while maintaining its self-organizational nature. However, it is difficult for traditional network protocols to meet the needs of increasingly complex networks. In order to solve the problem that the better node set may not be selected when selecting the node set responsible for forwarding in the traditional OLSR protocol, a multi-objective optimized OLSR algorithm is proposed in this paper, which incorporating a new MPR mechanism and an improved NSGA-II algorithm. In the process of route discovery, the intermediate nodes responsible for forwarding packets are determined by the new MPR mechanism, and then the main parameters in the OLSR protocol are provided by the multi-objective optimization algorithm. Matlab was used to build a self-organizing network in this study. In addition, the conventional OLSR protocol, NSGA-II algorithm and multi-objective simulated annealing algorithm are selected to compare with the proposed algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce packet loss and end-to-end delay while obtaining better results in HV and Spacing, two multi-objective optimization result evaluation metrics.
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Algoritmos , Redes de Comunicación de Computadores , Tecnología Inalámbrica , Simulación por ComputadorRESUMEN
The Sansha Yongle Blue Hole (SYBH) is the world's deepest marine blue hole with unique physicochemical characteristics. However, our knowledge of the biodiversity and community structure in SYBH sediments remains limited, as past studies have mostly focused on microbial communities in the water column. Here, we collected sediment samples from the aerobic zone (3.1 to 38.6 m) and the deep anaerobic zone (150 m, 300 m) of the SYBH and extracted DNA to characterize the archaeal, bacterial, and eukaryotic communities inhabiting these sediments. Our results showed that the archaeal and bacterial communities were dominated by Thaumarchaeota and Proteobacteria, respectively. The dominant taxa of eukaryotes in different sites varied greatly, mainly including Phaeophyceae, Annelida, Diatomea and Arthropoda. All three examined domains showed clear vertical distributions and significant differences in community composition between the aerobic and anaerobic zones. Sulfide played a prominent role in structuring the three domains, followed by salinity, nitrous oxide, pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen, all of which were positively correlated with the turnover component, the main contributor to beta diversity. Neutral community model revealed that stochastic processes contributed to more than half of the community variations across the three domains. Co-occurrence network showed an equal number of positive and negative interactions in the archaeal network, while positive interactions accounted for ~ 80% in the bacterial and eukaryotic networks. Our findings reveal the ecological features of prokaryotes and eukaryotes in SYBH sediments and shed new light on community dynamics and survival strategies in the special environment of marine blue holes.
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Archaea , Código de Barras del ADN Taxonómico , Archaea/genética , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiología , Bacterias/genética , ADN , ADN de Archaea/genética , ADN de Archaea/química , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , FilogeniaRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Atherosclerosis (AS), a lipid-induced inflammatory condition of the arteries, is a primary contributor to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases including stroke. Arctium lappa L. leaf (ALL), an edible and medicinal herb in China, has been documented and commonly used for treating stroke since the ancient times. However, the elucidations on its anti-AS effects and molecular mechanism remain insufficient. AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the AS-ameliorating effects and the underlying mechanism of action of an ethanolic extract of leaves of Arctium lappa L. (ALLE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: ALLE was reflux extracted using with 70% ethanol. An HPLC method was established to monitor the quality of ALLE. High fat diet (HFD) and vitamin D3-induced experimental AS in rats were used to determine the in vivo effects; and oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced RAW264.7 macrophage foam cells were used for in vitro assays. Simvatatin was used as positive control. Biochemical assays were implemented to ascertain the secretions of lipids and pro-inflammatory mediators. Haematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Oil red O stains were employed to assess histopathological alterations and lipid accumulation conditions, respectively. CCK-8 assays were used to measure cytotoxicity. Immunoblotting assay was conducted to measure protein levels. RESULTS: ALLE treatment significantly ameliorated lipid deposition and histological abnormalities of aortas and livers in AS rats; improved the imbalances of serum lipids including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); notably attenuated serum concentrations of inflammation-associated cytokines/molecules including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1ß, VCAM-1, ICAM-1and MMP-9. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that ALLE suppressed the phosphorylation/activation of PI3K, Akt and NF-κB in AS rat aortas and in cultured foam cells. Additionally, the PI3K agonist 740Y-P notably reversed the in vitro inhibitory effects of ALLE on lipid deposition, productions of TC, TNF-α and IL-6, and protein levels of molecules of PI3K/Akt and NF-κB singnaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS: ALLE ameliorates HFD- and vitamin D3-induced experimental AS by modulating lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses, and underlying mechanisms involves inhibition of the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB singnaling pathways. The findings of this study provide scientific justifications for the traditional application of ALL in managing atherosclerotic diseases.
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Arctium , Aterosclerosis , Fragmentos de Péptidos , Receptores del Factor de Crecimiento Derivado de Plaquetas , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Ratas , Animales , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Aterosclerosis/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/química , Lípidos , Colesterol/farmacología , Etanol/farmacología , Lipoproteínas LDL/metabolismo , Colecalciferol/farmacología , Colecalciferol/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Along with the miniaturization and versatility of organic optoelectronic devices, it is desired to achieve a profound comprehension of the charge transport mechanism and even the basic device physics. The basis of these studies is the acquisition of relevant information about energy levels. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of five commonly-used techniques, including cyclic voltammetry, ultraviolet electron spectroscopy, inverse photoemission electron spectroscopy, low energy inverse photoemission spectroscopy and hot electron spectroscopy. According to the advantages and disadvantages, working mechanism, and application conditions, researchers will screen out a reliable and suitable characterization method, quickly and accurately. This should be beneficial for the efficient promotion of organic electronics and save valuable time for the related research studies.
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BACKGROUND: Magnesium is an essential nutrient required to maintain brain health throughout life, and adequate magnesium intake is positively associated with cognitive performance in older adults. However, sex differences in magnesium metabolism have not been adequately assessed in humans. OBJECTIVES: We investigated sex differences in the effect of dietary magnesium intake and the risk of different types of cognitive impairment in older Chinese adults. METHODS: We collected and assessed dietary data and cognitive function status in people aged 55 years and older in northern China who participated in the Community Cohort Study of Nervous System Diseases from 2018 to 2019 to explore the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and the risk of each type of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in sex-specific cohorts of older adults. RESULTS: The study included 612 people: 260 (42.5%) men and 352 (57.5%) women. Logistic regression results showed that for the total sample and women's sample, high dietary magnesium intake reduced the risk of amnestic MCI (ORtotal = 0.300; ORwomen = 0.190) and multidomain amnestic MCI (ORtotal = 0.225; ORwomen = 0.145). The results of restricted cubic spline analysis showed that the risk of amnestic MCI (ptotal = 0.0193; pwomen = 0.0351) and multidomain amnestic MCI (ptotal = 0.0089; pwomen = 0.0096) in the total sample and women's sample gradually decreased with increasing dietary magnesium intake. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that adequate magnesium intake may have a preventive effect against the risk of MCI in older women.
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Disfunción Cognitiva , Magnesio , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Estudios de Cohortes , Disfunción Cognitiva/epidemiología , Disfunción Cognitiva/prevención & control , Disfunción Cognitiva/complicaciones , Cognición , DietaRESUMEN
Background: In the phase 3 FLAURA trial, osimertinib was compared with first-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) as a first-line treatment for EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Osimertinib showed longer progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and a similar safety profile. However, more studies demonstrating the effectiveness and safety of osimertinib as a first-line strategy are needed in real-world populations. Methods: We enrolled 1,556 patients with EGFR-mutated stage IIIc-IV NSCLC from the CAPTRA-Lung database. All patients received either osimertinib (n=202) or a first-generation EGFR-TKI (n=1,354) as their initial treatment. To adjust for differences in baseline characteristics between two groups, 1:2 propensity score matching (PSM) was performed. Propensity scores included gender, age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score, smoking history, family history of tumor, pathology, EGFR mutations, and central nervous system (CNS) metastases. The standardized mean differences (SMD) before and after PSM were calculated to examine the balance of covariate distributions between two groups. Results: After PSM, 202 patients receiving osimertinib and 404 patients receiving first-generation EGFR-TKIs were finally identified. SMD of each matched variable is less than 0.10. The median PFS was 19.4 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 14.3-24.4] in the osimertinib arm and 10.9 months (95% CI: 9.3-12.5) in the comparator arm [hazard ratio (HR) for progression, 0.47; 95% CI: 0.38-0.59; P<0.001). The median OS was 40.5 months (95% CI: 27.1-54.0) vs. 34.3 months (95% CI: 30.6-38.0) in two groups, respectively (HR for death, 0.76; 95% CI: 0.58-1.00; P=0.045). The incidence of grade 3 adverse events (AEs) between the two groups was 1% and 4.2%, respectively. No grade 4 AEs and treatment-related deaths were reported in both groups. Conclusions: In real-world settings, osimertinib demonstrates longer PFS and OS, with a similar safety profile to that of comparator EGFR-TKIs when used as a first-line strategy in NSCLC patients.
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The energy gap of molecular semiconductors is a critical parameter in molecule-based devices because it fundamentally determines the operating principle and device performance, such as the charge transfer driving force. Hence, an accurate quantification of the energy gap of a molecular semiconductor is essential. The hot electron technique, which is implemented using a hot electron transistor and ballistic electron emission microscope, has been verified as the most powerful characterization in recent years. By monitoring the charge transport on the metal/molecule interface, an electron-injection barrier (or LUMO) and hole-injection barrier (or HOMO) can be achieved, which contributes to the electronic energy gap determination. In this review, a comprehensive comparison of these two techniques was made. It helps us to select a suitable method in specific situations and provides a profound comprehension of the charge transport process in molecular semiconductor and molecule-based devices.
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OBJECTIVE: To identify copper-induced death-associated hub genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and understand their functional and biological significance using machine learning and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). METHODS: OSCC transcriptomic data from GEO and TCGA databases were subjected to data integration, batch effect removal, background correction, and quantile normalization to select cuproptosis-associated genes using Spearman's correlation analysis. The 'limma' R package was used to filter differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Core module genes selected using gene co-expression network analysis with R package 'WGCNA' were screened using Support Vector Machine (SVM), LASSO regression, and Random Forest (RF) machine learning algorithms and validated using TCGA database samples. Core gene expression variations between OSCC and adjacent normal tissues were validated using immunohistochemistry. Immune infiltration analysis using package 'CIBERSORT' correlated hub genes with immune cells. RESULTS: From 19 cuproptosis-related genes (identified from literature), 2382 cuproptosis-related mRNA were obtained through Spearman's correlation analysis; 112 DEGs using 'limma' R package and 32 hub genes using WGCNA were obtained. Hub genes TMPRSS11B, SERPINH1, and CDH3 were identified using machine learning algorithms. TCGA validation showed that TMPRSS11B significantly underexpressed (P < 0.001) but SERPINH1 and CDH3 significantly overexpressed (P < 0.001) in tumor samples. The AUC for TMPRSS11B, SERPINH1, and CDH3 in ROC curve analysis were 78.1%, 95.6%, and 87.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: TMPRSS11B, SERPINH1, and CDH3 may be pivotal for OSCC development and progression and potential targets for new therapeutic and predictive strategies. However, their specific functions and mechanisms underlying OSCC remain to be elucidated.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Neoplasias de la Boca , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/genética , Cobre , Neoplasias de la Boca/genética , Aprendizaje AutomáticoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: To identify proteins and corresponding genes that share sequential and structural similarity with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) via bioinformatics analysis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: All proteins with immunoglobulin V-set domain were screened in the human protein sequence database, and the corresponding genes were obtained in the gene sequence database. GSE154609 was downloaded from the GEO database, which contained peripheral blood CD14+ monocyte samples from patients with T1DM and healthy controls. The difference result and the similar genes were intersected. Analysis of gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways was used to predict potential functions using the R package 'cluster profiler'. The expression differences of intersected genes were analyzed in The Cancer Genome Atlas pancreatic cancer dataset and GTEx database using t-test. The correlation between the overall survival and disease-free progression of patients with pancreatic cancer was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS: 2068 proteins with immunoglobulin V-set domain similar to PD-1 and 307 corresponding genes were found. 1705 upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 1335 downregulated DEGs in patients with T1DM compared with healthy controls were identified. A total of 21 genes were overlapped with the 307 PD-1 similarity genes, including 7 upregulated and 14 downregulated. Of these, mRNA levels of 13 genes were significantly increased in patients with pancreatic cancer. High expression of MYOM3 and HHLA2 was significantly correlated with shorter overall survival of patients with pancreatic cancer, while high expression of FGFRL1, CD274, and SPEG was significantly correlated with shorter disease-free survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Genes encoding immunoglobulin V-set domain similar to PD-1 may contribute to the occurrence of T1DM. Of these genes, MYOM3 and SPEG may serve as potential biomarkers for the prognosis of pancreatic cancer.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/genética , Mapas de Interacción de Proteínas/genética , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Monocitos , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , Pronóstico , Inmunoglobulinas/genética , Neoplasias PancreáticasRESUMEN
Methylation of RNA plays an important role in cancer. Classical forms of such modifications include N6-methyladenine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), and N1-methyladenine (m1A). Methylation-regulated long non-coding (lnc) RNAs are involved in various biological processes, such as tumor proliferation, apoptosis, immune escape, invasion, and metastasis. Therefore, we performed an analysis of transcriptomic and clinical data of pancreatic cancer samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Using the co-expression method, we summarized 44 m6A/m5C/m1A-related genes and obtained 218 methylation-associated lncRNAs. Next, with COX regression, we screened 39 lncRNAs that are strongly associated with prognosis and found that their expression differed significantly between normal tissues and pancreatic cancer samples (P < 0.001). We then used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) to construct a risk model comprising seven lncRNAs. In validation set, the nomogram generated by combining clinical characteristics accurately predicted the survival probability of pancreatic cancer patients at 1, 2, and 3 years after diagnosis (AUC = 0.652, 0.686, and 0.740, respectively). Tumor microenvironment analysis showed that the high-risk group had significantly more resting memory CD4 T cells, M0 macrophages, and activated dendritic cells and fewer naïve B cells, plasma cells, and CD8 T cells than the low-risk group (both P < 0.05). Most immune-checkpoint genes were significantly different between the high- and low-risk groups (P < 0.05). The Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion score showed that high-risk patients benefited more from treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (P < 0.001). Overall survival was also lower in high-risk patients with more tumor mutations than in low-risk patients with fewer mutations (P < 0.001). Finally, we explored the sensitivity of the high- and low-risk groups to seven candidate drugs. Our findings indicated that m6A/m5C/m1A-associated lncRNAs are potentially useful biomarkers for the early diagnosis and estimating the prognosis of, and ascertaining the responses to immunotherapy in, patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Neoplasias Pancreáticas , ARN Largo no Codificante , Humanos , Pronóstico , Inmunoterapia , Microambiente Tumoral , Neoplasias PancreáticasRESUMEN
Dosing zero valent iron (ZVI) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is the common method of addressing acidification in anaerobic digestion (AD) systems; however, few studies have discussed and compared their effects on microbial metabolism. In the present study, microbial syntrophy and metabolic pathways under ZVI and NaOH regulation are comparatively analyzed through microbial network analysis and metagenomic/metaproteomic analyses. CH4 yield in the ZVI reactor was 414 mL/gVS, an increase of 23% when compared with that in the reactor with NaOH dosing (336 mL/gVS). The methanogenesis recovery period in the ZVI reactor (37 days) was shorter than that in the NaOH reactor (48 days). Co-occurrence networks indicated that ZVI promoted Methanoculleus and Methanosarcina to establish a complex syntrophic association with SAO bacteria (Syntrophaceticus and Aminobacterium) and syntrophic acetogens (Syntrophomonas), strengthening SAO-hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis (HM) and acetoclastic methanogenesis (AM) pathways simultaneously. Metagenomic analysis showed that the relative abundance of mcrA and fwdB in the ZVI reactor was higher 27% than that in the NaOH reactor. Furthermore, through metaproteomics analysis, much more enzymes related to glucose degradation, bioconversion of butyric acid and pyruvate, conversion of formate and acetate to CO2, and production of CH4 from acetate and CO2 were significantly upregulated under ZVI regulation than under NaOH regulation (fold change relative to control [FC] > 1.5, p < 0.05). The results of the present study enhance our understanding of methanogenic mechanisms under the regulation of ZVI, providing a theoretical basis for its practical application in AD systems experiencing VFA suppression.
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Dióxido de Carbono , Hierro , Anaerobiosis , Hidróxido de Sodio , Bacterias Anaerobias/metabolismo , Metano , Reactores Biológicos/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Six new cucurbitane-type triterpenes, hemchinins A-F (1-6), together with thirteen known ones (7-19) were isolated from ethyl acetate extraction of Hemsleya chinensis tubers. Compounds 1-2 were a group of cucurbitane triterpenes possessing an infrequent pentacyclic framework. Their structures were established by comprehensive UV, IR, HRMS, 1D/2D NMR, and ECD analyses. Bioassay results showed that most isolated compounds exhibited anti-inflammatory actions, in which compounds 13 and 15 exhibited stronger activities at 6.25 µM, with NO inhibition rates of 49.00 ± 0.05% and 48.40 ± 0.10%, respectively.
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Cucurbitaceae , Triterpenos , Estructura Molecular , Triterpenos/farmacología , Triterpenos/química , Glicósidos/química , Tubérculos de la Planta/química , Cucurbitaceae/químicaAsunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias de la Mama , Cardiopatías , Disfunción Ventricular Izquierda , Humanos , Femenino , Cardiotoxicidad/etiología , Neoplasias de la Mama/radioterapia , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Tensión Longitudinal Global , Ecocardiografía , Función Ventricular Izquierda , Antraciclinas/farmacología , Trastuzumab/efectos adversos , Antineoplásicos/efectos adversosRESUMEN
As one of the main functional substances, carbohydrates account for a large proportion of the human diet. Conventional analysis and detection methods of dietary carbohydrates and related products are destructive, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. In order to improve the efficiency of measurement and ensure food nutrition and consumer health, rapid and nondestructive quality evaluation techniques are needed. In recent years, terahertz (THz) spectroscopy, as a novel detection technology with dual characteristics of microwave and infrared, has shown great potential in dietary carbohydrate analysis. The current review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of research advances in using the THz spectroscopy technique in analysis and detection applications related to dietary carbohydrates. In the review, the principles of the THz spectroscopy technique are introduced. Advances in THz spectroscopy for quantitative and qualitative analysis and detection in dietary carbohydrate-related research studies from 2013 to 2022 are discussed, which include analysis of carbohydrate concentrations in liquid and powdery foods, detection of foreign body and chemical residues in carbohydrate food products, authentication of natural carbohydrate produce, monitoring of the fermentation process in carbohydrate food production and examination of crystallinity in carbohydrate polymers. In addition, applications in dietary carbohydrate-related detection research using other spectroscopic techniques are also briefed for comparison, and future development trends of THz spectroscopy in this field are finally highlighted.
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Espectroscopía de Terahertz , Humanos , Espectroscopía de Terahertz/métodos , Carbohidratos de la Dieta , Análisis Espectral/métodosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to provide an evaluation of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in hospitalized adolescents with major depressive and bipolar disorders by examining its treatment outcomes as well as comparing it with outcomes of hospitalized patients, treated as usual (TAU). METHODS: This is a retrospective study based on medical records documented between April 2011 and December 2017 from Beijing An Ding Hospital. Patients were diagnosed according to the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision . The study included 288 inpatients, with 2 groups of 171 patients treated by ECT and 117 TAU. The primary outcome was measured using the severity subscale of Clinical Global Impression. Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test, and linear regression with mixed models were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Symptom severity reduced significantly for both groups ( ß = -0.62, t975.93 = -20.54, P < 0.001). The TAU group was associated with lower score on the severity subscale of Clinical Global Impression ( ß = 0.28, t980.32 = 8.36, P < 0.001). The ECT group had a higher remission rate (28.65%) than the TAU group (16.24%), but the time required for remission was longer ( U [ NECT = 49, NTAU = 19] = 615, z = 2.10, P = 0.04). Adverse events of ECT were barely observed. CONCLUSION: Electroconvulsive therapy is an efficacious and safe treatment for adolescents. However, as the superiority in efficacy was not evident in ECT group, its prescription should be prudently considered for younger patients who respond well to other treatments.