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BACKGROUND: Overweight/obesity combined with depression among children and adolescents (ODCA) is a global concern. The bidirectional relationship between depression and overweight/obesity often leads to their comorbidity. Childhood and adolescence represent critical periods for physical and psychological development, during which the comorbidity of overweight/obesity and depression may increase the risk of adverse health outcomes. AIM: To evaluate the relationship between ODCA, we conduct a bibliometric analysis to aid in formulating prevention and treatment strategies. METHODS: From 2004 to 2023, articles related to ODCA were selected using the Science Citation Index Expanded from the Web of Science Core Collection. Bibliometric analysis of relevant publications, including countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords, was conducted using the online bibliometric analysis platforms, CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and bibliometrix. RESULTS: Between 2004 and 2023, a total of 1573 articles were published on ODCA. The United States has made leading contributions in this field, with Harvard University emerging as the leading contributor in terms of research output, and Tanofsky being the most prolific author. The J Adolescent Health has shown significant activity in this domain. Based on the results of the keyword and reference analyses, inequality, adverse childhood experiences, and comorbidities have become hot topics in ODCA. Moreover, the impact of balanced-related behavior and exploration of the biological mechanisms, including the potential role of key adipocytokines and lipokines, as well as inflammation in ODCA, have emerged as frontier topics. CONCLUSION: The trend of a significant increase in ODCA publications is expected to continue. The research findings will contribute to elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms of ODCA and its prevention and treatment.
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BACKGROUND: Obesity is characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammatory condition. Two emerging inflammatory biomarkers, the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), have gained attention. However, the relationships between obesity and SII/SRI remain unclear. METHODS: In this study, we analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018 among adults. SII-SIRI/SII/SIRI were categorized into three groups based on tertiles. The association between obesity and SII-SIRI/SII/SIRI was assessed by multivariable logistic regression models. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) plots were used to examine the nonlinear association between obesity and SII/SIRI. Finally, potential independent associations between obesity and SII/SIRI were further explored using subgroup analyses. RESULTS: The study included 20,011 adults, of whom 7,890 (39.32%) were obesity. In model 1, participants in the high (Q3) level of SII-SIRI had a significantly association with obesity than those in the low (Q1) level group. The high level of SII and SIRI were positively associated with obesity as compared to low levels. Model 2 revealed a positive association between obesity and high levels of SII-SIRI/SII/SIRI. Model 3 demonstrated a similar trend. RCS curves revealed a nonlinear association linking obesity to SII/SIRI. Subgroup analysis showed an interaction between SII/SIRI and age. CONCLUSIONS: Our research suggested that obesity was positively associated with SII-SIRI/SII/SIRI in U.S. adults. SII/SIRI may represent a cost-effective and direct approach to assessing obesity.
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Biomarcadores , Inflamación , Encuestas Nutricionales , Obesidad , Humanos , Obesidad/inmunología , Obesidad/epidemiología , Obesidad/complicaciones , Masculino , Inflamación/inmunología , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Biomarcadores/sangre , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Anciano , Modelos LogísticosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a pivotal contributor to anti-tumour effects and has garnered extensive attention in research. Tumour cell immune suppression is closely related to the increase in Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1). Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumour originating from hepatic epithelial tissue, and the role of AS-IV in regulating PD-L1 in anti-HCC activity remains unclear. METHODS: Various concentrations of AS-IV were administered to both human liver immortalised cells (THEL2) and HCC (Huh-7 and SMMC-7721), and cell growth was assessed using the CCK-8 assay. HCC levels and cell apoptosis were examined using flow cytometry. Mice were orally administered AS-IV at different concentrations to study its effects on HCC in vivo. Immunohistochemistry was employed to evaluate PD-L1 levels. Western blotting was employed to determine PD-L1 and CNDP1 protein levels. We carried out a qRT-PCR to quantify the levels of miR-135b-3p and CNDP1. Finally, a dual-luciferase reporter assay was employed to validate the direct interaction between miR-135b-3p and the 3'UTR of CNDP1. RESULTS: AS-IV exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation in Huh-7 and SMMC-7721 while inhibiting PD-L1 expression induced by interferon-γ (IFN-γ), thus attenuating PD-L1-mediated immune suppression. MiR-135b-5p showed significant amplification in HCC tissues and cells. AS-IV mitigated PD-L1-mediated immune suppression through miR-135b-5p. MiR-135b-5p targeted CNDP1, and AS-IV mitigated PD-L1-induced immunosuppression by modulating the miR-135b-5p/CNDP1 pathway. CONCLUSION: AS-IV decreases cell surface PD-L1 levels and alleviates PD-L1-associated immune suppression via the miR-135b-5p/CNDP1 pathway. AS-IV may be a novel component for treating HCC.
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The amyloid cascade hypothesis has predominately been used to describe the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) for decades, as Aß oligomers are thought to be the prime cause of AD. Meanwhile, the neurotrophic factor hypothesis has also been proposed for decades. Accumulating evidence states that the amyloidogenic process and neurotrophic dysfunction are mutually influenced and may coincidently cause the onset and progress of AD. Meanwhile, there are intracellular regulators participating both in the amyloidogenic process and neurotrophic pathways, which might be the common original causes of amyloidogenesis and neurotrophic dysfunction. In this review, the current understanding regarding the role of neurotrophic dysfunction and the amyloidogenic process in AD pathology is briefly summarized. The mutual influence of these two pathogenesis pathways and their potential common causal pathway are further discussed. Therapeutic strategies targeting the common pathways to simultaneously prevent amyloidogenesis and neurotrophic dysfunction might be anticipated for the disease-modifying treatment of AD.
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Enfermedad de Alzheimer , Humanos , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Secretasas de la Proteína Precursora del Amiloide/metabolismo , Amiloide/metabolismo , Proteínas Amiloidogénicas , Factores de Crecimiento NerviosoRESUMEN
Background: Body constitution is a fundamental concept in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for clinical diagnosis, treatment of illness, and community-based health promotion. Clinical assessment of patients' body constitutions, however, has never been easy and consistent, even by well-trained clinicians and TCM practitioners. Therefore, questionnaires such as the popular Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CCMQ) can be an appealing and convenient assessment alternative. The present research borrowed advanced methodologies for questionnaire development in psychology and other social sciences to examine the performance of the CCMQ in terms of (i) the strength of relations of each item with its designated constitution, (ii) the reliabilities of each constitution, and (iii) the overall 9-constitution structure. This research provided empirical evidence to support the use of the CCMQ and proposed directions for refinement in future revisions of the CCMQ or similar measures. Methods: A total of 1571 volunteers from three villages in southern China participated in the CCMQ survey. The item characteristics, reliabilities, interconstitution correlations, and confirmatory factor analysis of the 9-body-constitution structure were examined. Results: The results generally supported the appropriateness of the clinical observations (the questionnaire items) and the CCMQ 9-constitution classification structure. Nevertheless, some relatively weaker items, item pairs with similar meanings, and highly overlapping constitutions were identified for future CCMQ revisions. Conclusion: The CCMQ measured the 9 constitutions efficiently and with reasonably good reliability and construct validity. Given the various challenges to assessing TCM body constitutions even by experienced clinicians, the CCMQ provides an appealing alternative to measure the Chinese body constitutions of healthy participants in large-scale research or community health promotion programs. The present study also demonstrated how advanced methodologies in social sciences can help validate and refine the CCMQ and similar complementary medicine measures.
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Background: Obesity is conventionally considered a risk factor for multiple metabolic diseases, such as dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, not every obese patient will progress to metabolic disease. Phlegm-dampness constitution (PDC), one of the nine TCM constitutions, is considered a high-risk factor for obesity and its complications. Alterations in the gut microbiota have been shown to drive the development and progression of obesity and metabolic disease, however, key microbial changes in obese patients with PDC have a higher risk for metabolic disorders remain elusive. Methods: We carried out fecal 16S rRNA gene sequencing in the present study, including 30 obese subjects with PDC (PDC), 30 individuals without PDC (non-PDC), and 30 healthy controls with balanced constitution (BC). Metagenomic functional prediction of bacterial taxa was achieved using PICRUSt. Results: Obese individuals with PDC had higher BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and altered composition of their gut microbiota compared to non-PDC obese individuals. At the phylum level, the gut microbiota was characterized by increased abundance of Bacteroidetes and decreased levels of Firmicutes and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. At the genus level, Faecalibacterium, producing short-chain fatty acid, achieving anti-inflammatory effects and strengthening intestinal barrier functions, was depleted in the PDC group, instead, Prevotella was enriched. Most PDC-associated bacteria had a stronger correlation with clinical indicators of metabolic disorders rather than more severe obesity. The PICRUSt analysis demonstrated 70 significantly different microbiome community functions between the two groups, which were mainly involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, such as promoting Arachidonic acid metabolism, mineral absorption, and Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, reducing Arginine and proline metabolism, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis, and primary bile acid biosynthesis. Furthermore, a disease classifier based on microbiota was constructed to accurately discriminate PDC individuals from all obese people. Conclusion: Our study shows that obese individuals with PDC can be distinguished from non-PDC obese individuals based on gut microbial characteristics. The composition of the gut microbiome altered in obese with PDC may be responsible for their high risk of metabolic diseases.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Bacterias/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Heces/microbiología , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/genética , Humanos , Obesidad/complicaciones , Obesidad/microbiología , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genéticaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Although the use of child safety seats can effectively ensure the safety of children in cars, the utilization rate of such seats in China is still low (<5%, 2021). Therefore, it is urgent to promote the use of child safety seats. The goal of this study was to examine the factors affecting parents' support for child safety seat legislation. METHODS: Data were collected via 1200 questionnaires distributed in several community hospitals in Nanjing. We used the data to do a multivariate logistic regression analysis to find the influencing factors of parental support for child safety seat legislation. RESULTS: On the whole, the respondents had low support for legislation mandating the installation of child safety seats. Although only 5.83% of the respondents expressed opposition to the relevant legislation, more than 40% expressed a neutral attitude rather than a supportive attitude. Multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed that gender, monthly household income, educational level, number of children in the family, comprehension of child safety seat-related publicity information, and cognition of children's riding safety significantly affected parents' support for child safety seat legislation. In addition to gender and cognition of children's riding safety, other influential factors had significant positive impacts on legislative support for compulsory installation of child safety seats. CONCLUSION: These results have implications for making more effective recommendations to advance child safety seat legislation and keep child passengers safe.
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Sistemas de Retención Infantil , Accidentes de Tránsito , Automóviles , Niño , Humanos , Padres , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate how knowledge and practice of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention measures affected concerns about returning to work among supermarket staff. Attitudes about the ability of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to prevent COVID-19 were also assessed. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Huanggang, Hubei Province, China from April 23 to 25, 2020. Participants were invited to fill out an electronic questionnaire on their cell phones. Results: The results showed that from 2,309 valid questionnaires, 61.5% of participants were concerned about resuming work. Major concerns included asymptomatic infection (85.01%) and employees gathering in the workplace (78.96%). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that the female gender, having school-aged children and pregnancy were risk factors for being concerned about resuming work, while good knowledge and practice of preventive measures were protective factors. Knowledge and practice of preventive measures were positively correlated. Among preventive measures, the highest percentage of participants knew about wearing masks and washing hands. Meanwhile, 65.8% of participants expressed confidence in the ability of TCM to prevent COVID-19, where 74 and 51.3% thought there was a need and a strong need, respectively, for preventive TCM-based products. Among them, 71.5% preferred oral granules. Regarding TCM as a COVID-19 preventative, most were interested in information about safety and efficacy. Conclusion: These findings suggested that promoting knowledge and practices regarding COVID-19 prevention can help alleviate concerns about returning to work. Meanwhile, TCM can feasibly be accepted to diversify COVID-19 prevention methods. Clinical Trial Registration:http://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifier: ChiCTR2000031955.
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COVID-19 , Medicina Tradicional China , Actitud , Niño , China/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Reinserción al Trabajo , SARS-CoV-2 , Supermercados , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
TCM constitution is a new branch of TCM. It provides enlightenment on individualized medicine, including the development of new models of individualized research based on nine constitutions, the acquisition of comprehensive health information for individuals, and establishment of a consistent individualized diagnosis and treatment system. Further, we propose a Chinese-style "precision medicine" based on individualization using the TCM constitutions.
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Medicina Tradicional China , Somatotipos , China , Humanos , Medicina de Precisión , Prevención Primaria , Somatotipos/genética , Somatotipos/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Objective: This study investigated the COVID-19-prevention knowledge and practices of healthcare workers (HCWs), their psychological states concerning the return to work, and their trust and requirements in using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to prevent and treat COVID-19. It is hoped that the study can serve as a reference for policy making during the resumption of work in other countries or regions experiencing similar situations. Methods: This study comprised a quantitative cross-sectional online survey design. Purposive sampling and Cluster sampling were used to recruit all HCWs working in public hospitals in Huangzhou District, Huanggang City, Hubei Province, China. From April 23 to May 14, 2020, surveys were sent electronically to all 13 public hospitals in this area. Results: In total, 2,079 responses were received and 2,050 completed forms were included. After analysis, 47.9 and 46.6% of HCWs indicated that they possessed very good knowledge or good knowledge of preventative measures, respectively. Multivariable log-binomial regression indicated that male, tertiary hospital, medical staff, and undergraduate/postgraduate qualification were associated with good knowledge. Good knowledge was also well-correlated with good practice (OR: 3.277; 95% CI: 2.734-3.928; P < 0.01). 59.8% of HCWs reported worries about resuming work; especially asymptomatic infections. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) indicated that 10.8% of participants had mild anxiety, 1.5% moderate anxiety, and 0.1% severe anxiety. Female, divorced/widowed, and working in a high risk hospital (the Huangzhou District People's Hospital was used for throat swab examinations of returning workers) were risk factors for concerns about resuming work and anxiety symptoms. However, good preventive knowledge was a protective factor for anxiety. HCWs' trust in using TCM to treat COVID-19 was significantly higher than their trust in using TCM for prevention (P < 0.001). Regarding preferences for preventative TCM products, oral TCM granules were the most preferred (62.4%). HCWs also indicated they wanted to know more about the clinical efficacy, applicable population, and adverse reactions of preventative TCM products (89.3, 81.1, and 81.4%, respectively). Conclusion: While HCWs had good knowledge of COVID-19 preventative measures, this did not eliminate the psychological impact of resumption of work. Promotion of COVID-19 prevention knowledge reduces the risk of infection, and alleviates the worries and anxiety symptoms of HCWs about resuming work (especially in administrative staff, those with low education, and those working in primary hospitals). Additional psychological support is required for female HCWs, divorced/widowed HCWs, and those working in high-risk hospitals. Finally, systematic trials of preventative TCM products are recommended.
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COVID-19 , Reinserción al Trabajo , China , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Personal de Salud , Humanos , Masculino , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has guided health maintenance and disease treatment for thousands of years and has been widely used in many countries around the world. TCM regards each individual as unique so all corresponding therapeutic and preventive approaches in TCM are personalized. Personalized medicine, also referred to as precision medicine, is an emerging medical paradigm that points toward a new direction for future medical development. TCM constitution studies the holistic body condition, which is affected by both inborn and acquired factors. Body constitution lays the foundation for disease diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Different constitution types predispose individuals to different disease susceptibilities. Examining an individual's unique body constitution can promote effective health management and benefit the application of personalized medicine significantly. This review will introduce and discuss the application of the TCM constitution for health maintenance and disease prevention. In last decade, a number of modern techniques have been employed in the constitution research to evaluate the health status of individuals. The TCM constitution reflects the current status and future trends of human health in four aspects, i.e., individual differences, life processes, psychological condition and adaptability to natural and social environments. This TCM constitution theory has already been applied in the Chinese public health management at different levels with promising outcome. The constitution theory and practice provide a new approach for health maintenance and disease prevention.
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Medicina Tradicional China , Fitoterapia , Prevención Primaria , Adaptación Psicológica , Constitución Corporal , Estado de Salud , Salud Holística , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional China/tendencias , Medicina de Precisión , Salud Pública , Medio SocialRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Based on the theory of constitution in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), the Chinese Han population has been classified into nine constitutions. Of these, Yang deficiency constitution mainly exhibit cold intolerance while Yin deficiency constitution mainly exhibit heat intolerance. Some studies have been carried out to explore the modern genetic and biological basis of such constitution classification, but more remains to be done. MicroRNA (miRNA) serves as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and may play a role in the classification process. Here, we examined miRNA expression profile of saliva to further improve the comprehensiveness of constitution classification. METHODS: Saliva was collected from Chinese Han individuals with Yang deficiency, Yin deficiency and Balanced constitutions (n=5 each), and miRNA expression profile was determined using the Human miRNA OneArray®v7. Based on 1.5 Fold change, means log2|Ratio|≥0.585 and P-value< 0.05, differentially expressed miRNA was screened. Target genes were predicted using DIANA-TarBasev7.0 and analysis of KEGG pathway was carried out using DIANA-mirPathv.3. RESULTS: We found that 81 and 98 differentially expressed miRNAs were screened in Yang deficiency and Yin deficiency constitution, respectively. Among them, 16 miRNAs were identical and the others were unique. In addition, the target genes that are regulated by the unique miRNAs were significantly enriched in 27 and 20 signaling pathways in Yang deficiency and Yin deficiency constitution, respectively. Thyroid hormone signaling pathway is present in both constitutions. These unique miRNAs that regulated target genes of thyroid hormone signaling pathway may be associated with cold intolerance or heat intolerance. CONCLUSION: The results of our study show that Yang deficiency and Yin deficiency constitutions exhibit systematic differences in miRNA expression profile. Moreover, the distinct characteristics of TCM constitution may be explained, in part, by differentially expressed miRNAs.
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MicroARNs/metabolismo , Saliva/metabolismo , Transcriptoma , Adulto , Análisis por Conglomerados , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Medicina Tradicional China , MicroARNs/genética , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos , Análisis de Componente Principal , Transducción de Señal/genética , Deficiencia Yang/metabolismo , Deficiencia Yang/patología , Deficiencia Yin/metabolismo , Deficiencia Yin/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a key public health problem. The advancement of gut microbiota research sheds new light on this field. This article aims to present the research trends in global intestinal microbiota studies within the domain of obesity research. METHODS: Bibliographic information of the publications on intestinal microbiota and obesity was retrieved from the Scopus database, and then analyzed by using bibliometric approaches. RESULTS: A total of 3,446 references were retrieved; the data indicated a steady growth and an exponential increase in publication numbers. The references were written in 23 different languages (93.8% in English). A number of 3,056 English journal papers were included in the further analyses. Among the 940 journals, the most prolific ones were PLOS ONE, Scientific Reports, and British Journal of Nutrition. North America and Europe were the highest publication output areas. The US (995 publications) ranked first in the number of publications, followed by the China (243 publications) and France (242 publications). The publication numbers were significantly correlated with gross domestic product (GDP), human development index (HDI), and population number (PN). International collaboration analysis also shows that most of the collaborations are among developed countries. DISCUSSION: This comprehensive bibliometric study indicates that gut microbiota is a significant topic in the obesity research. The structured information may be helpful in understanding research trends, and locating research hot spots and gaps in this domain.
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BACKGROUND/AIMS: Metabolic diseases are leading health concerns in today's global society. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), one body type studied is the phlegm-dampness constitution (PC), which predisposes individuals to complex metabolic disorders. Genomic studies have revealed the potential metabolic disorders and the molecular features of PC. The role of epigenetics in the regulation of PC, however, is unknown. METHODS: We analyzed a genome-wide DNA methylation in 12 volunteers using Illumina Infinium Human Methylation450 BeadChip on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Eight volunteers had PC and 4 had balanced constitutions. RESULTS: Methylation data indicated a genome-scale hyper-methylation pattern in PC. We located 288 differentially methylated probes (DMPs). A total of 256 genes were mapped, and some of these were metabolic-related. SQSTM1, DLGAP2 and DAB1 indicated diabetes mellitus; HOXC4 and SMPD3, obesity; and GRWD1 and ATP10A, insulin resistance. According to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), differentially methylated genes were abundant in multiple metabolic pathways. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest the potential risk for metabolic disorders in individuals with PC. We also explain the clinical characteristics of PC with DNA methylation features.
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Metilación de ADN , Enfermedades Metabólicas/genética , Adenosina Trifosfatasas/genética , Adulto , Proteínas Portadoras/genética , Islas de CpG , Diabetes Mellitus/genética , Diabetes Mellitus/patología , Epigénesis Genética , Femenino , Proteínas de Homeodominio/genética , Humanos , Resistencia a la Insulina , Leucocitos Mononucleares/citología , Leucocitos Mononucleares/efectos de los fármacos , Leucocitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Masculino , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana/genética , Enfermedades Metabólicas/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/genética , Obesidad/patología , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos , Esfingomielina Fosfodiesterasa/genéticaRESUMEN
Differences between healthy subjects and associated disease risks are of substantial interest in clinical medicine. Based on clinical presentations, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) classifies healthy people into nine constitutions: Balanced, Qi, Yang or Yin deficiency, Phlegm-dampness, Damp-heat, Blood stasis, Qi stagnation, and Inherited special constitutions. In particular, Yang and Yin deficiency constitutions exhibit cold and heat aversion, respectively. However, the intrinsic molecular characteristics of unbalanced phenotypes remain unclear. To determine whether gene expression-based clustering can recapitulate TCM-based classification, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from Chinese Han individuals with Yang/Yin deficiency (n = 12 each) and Balanced (n = 8) constitutions, and global gene expression profiles were determined using the Affymetrix HG-U133A Plus 2.0 array. Notably, we found that gene expression-based classifications reflected distinct TCM-based subtypes. Consistent with the clinical observation that subjects with Yang deficiency tend toward obesity, series-clustering analysis detected several key lipid metabolic genes (diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT2), acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL1), and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1)) to be down- and up-regulated in Yin and Yang deficiency constitutions, respectively. Our findings suggest that Yin/Yang deficiency and Balanced constitutions are unique entities in their mRNA expression profiles. Moreover, the distinct physical and clinical characteristics of each unbalanced constitution can be explained, in part, by specific gene expression signatures.
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Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Voluntarios Sanos , Medicina Tradicional China , Deficiencia Yang/genética , Deficiencia Yin/genética , Análisis por Conglomerados , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Japanese-Chinese medicine, and Korean Sasang constitutional medicine have common origins. However, the constitutional medicines of China, Japan, and Korea differ because of the influence of geographical culture, social environment, national practices, and other factors. This paper aimed to compare the constitutional medicines of China, Japan, and Korea in terms of theoretical origin, constitutional classification, constitution and pathogenesis, clinical applications and basic studies that were conducted. The constitutional theories of the three countries are all derived from the Canon of Internal Medicine or Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases of Ancient China. However, the three countries have different constitutional classifications and criteria. Medical sciences in the three countries focus on the clinical applications of constitutional theory. They all agree that different pathogenic laws that guide the treatment of diseases govern different constitutions; thus, patients with different constitutions are treated differently. The three countries also differ in terms of drug formulations and medication. Japanese medicine is prescribed only based on constitution. Korean medicine is based on treatment, in which drugs cannot be mixed. TCM synthesize the treatment model of constitution differentiation, disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation with the treatment thought of treating disease according to three categories of etiologic factors, which reflect the constitution as the characteristic of individual precision treatment. In conclusion, constitutional medicines of China, Japan, and Korea have the same theoretical origin, but differ in constitutional classification, clinical application of constitutional theory on the treatment of diseases, drug formulations and medication.
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Constitución Corporal , Medicina Tradicional China , Medicina Tradicional Coreana , China , Humanos , Japón , Corea (Geográfico)Asunto(s)
Aterosclerosis/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad/genética , Medicina Tradicional China , Enfermedades Metabólicas/genética , Transcriptoma , Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP, Subfamilia G, Miembro 1/genética , Acetiltransferasas/genética , Adulto , Aterosclerosis/sangre , Análisis por Conglomerados , Clusterina/genética , Coenzima A Ligasas/genética , Subunidad RIalfa de la Proteína Quinasa Dependiente de AMP Cíclico/genética , Elongasas de Ácidos Grasos , Femenino , Humanos , Leucocitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Masculino , Enfermedades Metabólicas/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Medicina de Precisión , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Proteína 3 Supresora de la Señalización de Citocinas/genéticaRESUMEN
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been widely used as an adjunctive therapy for breast cancer, while its efficacy remains unexplored. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of CHM combined with chemotherapy for breast cancer. The study results showed that CHM combined with chemotherapy significantly increased tumor response and KPS as compared to using chemotherapy alone (RR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.24-1.48; P < 0.00001; RR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.26-1.52; P < 0.00001, resp.). Besides, CHM as an adjunctive therapy significantly reduced the nausea and vomiting at toxicity grade of III-IV (RR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.27-0.52; P < 0.00001). Moreover, the combined therapy significantly prevented the decline of WBC in patients under chemotherapy at toxicity grade of III-IV (RR = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.34-0.69; P < 0.00001) and prevented the decline of platelet at toxicity grade of III-IV or I-IV (RR = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.12-0.73; P = 0.008; RR = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.63-0.94; P = 0.009, resp.). This study suggests that CHM combined with chemotherapy in comparison with chemotherapy alone can significantly enhance tumor response, improve KPS, and alleviate toxicity induced by chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. However, a firm conclusion could not be reached due to the lack of high quality trials and large-scale RCTs, so further trials with higher quality and larger scale are needed.
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Objectives. Differences among healthy subjects and associated disease risks are of substantial interest in clinical medicine. According to the theory of "constitution-disease correlation" in traditional Chinese medicine, we try to find out if there is any connection between intolerance of cold in Yang deficiency constitution and molecular evidence and if there is any gene expression basis in specific disorders. Methods. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from Chinese Han individuals with Yang deficiency constitution (n = 20) and balanced constitution (n = 8) (aged 18-28) and global gene expression profiles were determined between them using the Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0 array. Results. The results showed that when the fold change was ≥1.2 and q ≤ 0.05, 909 genes were upregulated in the Yang deficiency constitution, while 1189 genes were downregulated. According to our research differential genes found in Yang deficiency constitution were usually related to lower immunity, metabolic disorders, and cancer tendency. Conclusion. Gene expression disturbance exists in Yang deficiency constitution, which corresponds to the concept of constitution and gene classification. It also suggests people with Yang deficiency constitution are susceptible to autoimmune diseases, enteritis, arthritis, metabolism disorders, and cancer, which provides molecular evidence for the theory of "constitution-disease correlation."
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Translational medicine is a new concept presented in recent decades, the core of which is to build a bridge between basic medical research and clinical application. From the beginning of constitution of Chinese medicine, clinical application has been given priority. Therefore, the idea of translational medicine is fully demonstrated in the research into the three key scientific problems of "classification of constitution of Chinese medicine", "relationship between constitution and disease" and "adjustment of constitution". Under its guidance, not only was the systematic theory of constitution of Chinese medicine established, but also the Constitution of Chinese Medicine Scale and the Standards of Classification and determination of Constitution of Chinese Medicine were developed, which translates methods of classifying the nine constitutional types into guidance for prevention of disease, management of health and clinical application. The research findings of constitution of Chinese medicine have been applied in clinical practice and public health, establishing the diagnosis and treatment model of constitution-disease-syndrome differentiation. The nationwide application of constitution differentiation has shown good effect. In the future, constitution of Chinese medicine should strengthen the evidence-based research and multi-disciplinary cooperation, and establish a research team on comprehensive constitution of Chinese medicine and translational medicine, to translate the findings into clinical practice and public health more accurately and quickly.