Prognostic implications, genomic and immune characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma with lepidic growth pattern.

AIMS: Conflicting data were provided regarding the prognostic impact and genomic features of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) with lepidic growth pattern (LP+A). Delineation of the genomic and immune characteristics of LP+A could provide deeper insights into its prognostic implications and treatment determination. METHODS: We conducted a search of articles in PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library from inception to January 2024. A domestic cohort consisting of 52 LUAD samples was subjected to whole-exome sequencing as internal validation. Data from The Cancer Genomic Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus datasets were obtained to characterise the genomic and immune profiles of LP+A. Pooled HRs and rates were calculated. RESULTS: The pooled results indicated that lepidic growth pattern was either predominant (0.35, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.56, p<0.01) or minor (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.70, p<0.01) histological subtype was associated with favourable disease-free survival. Pooled gene mutation rates suggested higher EGFR mutation (0.55, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.64, p<0.01) and lower KRAS mutation (0.14, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.25, p=0.02) in lepidic-predominant LUAD. Lepidic-predominant LUAD had lower tumour mutation burden and pooled positive rate of PD-L1 expression compared with other subtypes. LP+A was characterised by abundance in resting CD4+memory T cells, monocytes and γδ T cells, as well as scarcity of cancer-associated fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS: LP+A was a unique histological subtype with a higher EGFR mutation rate, lower tumour mutation burden and immune checkpoint expression levels. Our findings suggested potential benefits from targeted therapy over immunotherapy in LP+A.

Health-related outcomes with supervised exercise and myofascial release versus only supervised exercise in subacromial pain syndrome: a randomized controlled single-blind study.

BACKGROUND: Myofascial tissue plays a critical role in shoulder joint mobility disorders. Myofascial release therapy (MFR) is frequently utilized to restore the extensibility of fascial tissue and is considered beneficial for various clinical conditions such as low back pain and ankle injuries. However, no studies have yet evaluated the effects of MFR on periscapular muscles activation and shoulder mobility in patients with subacromial pain syndrome(SAPS). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of MFR combined with supervised exercise(SE) and SE alone in patients with SAPS. DESIGN: Assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. SUBJECTS: Subacromial pain syndrome patients. METHODS: Fifty participants were divided into two groups: SE group and MFR + SE group, each group 25 cases. Both treatment methods were performed 5 times a week for 4 weeks. MAIN MEASURES: Shoulder pain severity was assessed by visual analog scale (VAS); shoulder range of motion (ROM) by a goniometer; functionality by shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI); and periscapular muscles activation by sEMG. All measurements were evaluated both pre- and post-treatment. RESULTS: An ANOVA analysis indicated no significant group by time interactions for flexion ROM and resting VAS (p > 0.05). However, significant group by time interactions were found for SPADI, abduction and external rotation ROM, and activity VAS (p < 0.05). Post-hoc tests revealed significant improvements in SPADI, abduction and external rotation ROM, and activity VAS in both groups compared to pre-treatment (p < 0.05). Additionally, there were significant group by time interactions for the sEMG values of the upper trapezius and serratus anterior (p < 0.05). Post-hoc tests showed that compared to pre-treatment, the MFR + SE group had decreased upper trapezius sEMG values and increased serratus anterior sEMG values(p < 0.05), while the SE group showed increased serratus anterior sEMG values(p < 0.05). After the 4-week intervention, there were significant between-group differences in SPADI, abduction and external rotation ROM, activity VAS, and sEMG values of the upper trapezius and serratus anterior(p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Four weeks of MFR combined with SE can increase shoulder ROM, improve pain, and thus enhancing functional activities in patients with SAPS. Additionally, it can further improve the balance between the upper trapezius and serratus anterior to improve the dynamics of the periscapular muscles. TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER: ChiCTR2200061054. Date of registration 15/06/2022.

Compare Clinical Characteristics of Psittacosis Pneumonia in 35 Patients and of Non Psittacosis Bacterial Pneumonia in 46 Patients.

Background: We aimed to describe the difference between Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia group and non C. psittaci bacterial pneumonia group in community acquired pneumonia in this single-center clinical study. Methods: We collected the data of 35 patients with C. psittaci pneumonia cases and 46 patients with non C. psittaci bacterial pneumonia cases diagnosed with metagenomic next-generation sequencing assays from February 2019 to December 2021 in Huaihua First People's Hospital in China. Results: In the C. psittaci pneumonia group, 35 patients (100%) had a chance of exposure to poultry or birds, and their body temperature was greater than or equal to 39.0°C. The other common symptoms were a slow pulse (68.6%), cough (65.7%), expectoration (54.3%), chills (51.4%) and a shortness of breath (37.1%). Laboratory tests showed that >90% of the cases had markedly elevated infection indicators, and 97.1% of the cases had markedly declined calcium. The most common imaging finding was patchy shadows (94.3%), pleural effusion (68.6%), bilateral in 54.3% (n = 19) and unilateral in 45.7% (n = 16) participants, and 51.4% (n = 18) of cases met the criteria for severe pneumonia. In the non C. psittaci bacterial pneumonia group, 18 patients (39.1%) had a chance of exposure to poultry or birds, and 11 patients (23.9%) body temperature was greater than or equal to 39.0°C. Laboratory tests showed that >67% of cases had a mildly elevated infection indicators, and mildly declined serum albumin. Conclusion: The following characteristics are more likely to help distinguish C. psittaci pneumonia from non C. psittaci bacterial pneumonia. Including had a chance of exposure to poultry or birds, high fever, exhibit chills, expectoration, relatively slow pulse, and progress into severe pneumonia. Percentage of neutrophils, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, lactate dehydrogenase, and myoglobin levels are higher. Blood calcium and corrected calcium are lower. Chest CT showed pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy.

Matrix Protein of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Targets the Mitochondria, Reprograms Glucose Metabolism, and Sensitizes to 2-Deoxyglucose in Glioblastoma.

A potential therapeutic approach for cancer treatment is target oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis simultaneously. The matrix protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV MP) can target the surface of mitochondria, causing morphological changes that may be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative phosphorylation inhibition. Previous research has shown that mitochondrial abnormalities can direct glucose metabolism toward glycolysis. Thus, after treatment with VSV MP, glycolysis inhibition is necessary to completely block glucose metabolism and eradicate cancer. Here, to inhibit glycolysis, the 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a synthetic glucose analog was used to combine with VSV MP to treat cancer. This study aims to determine how VSV MP affects the glucose bioenergetic metabolism of cancer cells and to evaluate the synergistic effect of 2-DG when combined with VSV. Our results indicated that in U87 and C6 glioblastoma cell lines, VSV MP caused mitochondrial membrane potential loss, cytochrome c release, and glucose bioenergetics metabolism reprogramming. When combined with 2-DG, VSV MP synergistically aggravated cell viability, apoptosis, and G2/M phase arrest. Meanwhile, the combination therapy exacerbated ATP depletion, activated AMPK, and inhibited mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathways. In addition, 2-DG treatment alone induced autophagy in glioblastoma cells; however, VSV MP inhibited the autophagy induced by 2-DG in combined treatment and finally contributed to the enhanced cytotoxic effect of the combination strategy in U87 and C6 cancer cells. In the orthotopic U87 glioblastoma model and subcutaneous C6 glioblastoma model, the combined treatment led to significant tumor regression and prolonged survival. A potent therapeutic approach for treating glioblastoma may be found in the combination of VSV MP and glycolytic inhibitors.

Case report: Prostatic malakoplakia: a rare disease that has a profile mimicking prostate cancer.

Prostatic malakoplakia (PMP) is a rare inflammatory disease, and misdiagnosis on imaging is a major reason for unnecessary punctures; however, information on imaging is even rarer. Five patients with PMP between May 2022 and February 2023 were enrolled in this study to summarize the imaging manifestations. All patients underwent ultrasound (US)-guided prostate biopsy and were confirmed by pathology, and the presence of prostate cancer was also excluded by pathology. The five patients, with a median age of 71 years (range = 58-74 years), had a median total prostate-specific antigen (T-PSA) of 10.40 ng/mL (range = 1.74-63.42 ng/mL). In two patients, chest computed tomography showed pulmonary infections. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Of these patients, four had a Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PIRADS) score of 5, while one had a score of 4. The lesions were mostly distributed in the peripheral zone of the prostate and appeared as a high signal on T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) and a low signal on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI). In the US examination, four patients had abnormal prostate morphology, with an unsmooth envelope and non-uniform parenchymal echogenicity. Four patients had increased prostate volume. US showed a hypoechoic nodule with non-uniform internal echogenicity, and an abundant internal blood flow signal was detected by color Doppler US. PSA, MRI, and US were not specific for PMP in our study, but we found that a history of co-infection may be helpful in an accurate diagnosis and to avoid unnecessary biopsy.

Comprehensive phytohormone metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) infected by tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV).

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is ranked among the top 10 most destructive viruses globally. It results in abnormal leaf growth, stunting, and even death, significantly affecting crop yield and quality. Phytohormones play a crucial role in regulating plant-virus interactions. However, there is still limited research on the effect of TSWV on phytohormone levels, particularly growth hormones and genes involved in the phytohormone pathway. In our study, we combined phytohormone metabolomics and transcriptomics to examine the impact of TSWV infection on phytohormone content and gene expression profile. Metabolomic results showed that 41 metabolites, including major phytohormones and their precursors and derivatives were significantly altered after 14 days of TSWV inoculation tobacco plants cvK326, with 31 being significantly increased and 10 significantly reduced. Specifically, the levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) were significantly reduced. The levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) have remained unchanged. However, the levels of cytokinin isopentenyladenine (iP) and salicylic acid (SA) significantly increased. The transcriptome analysis revealed 2,746 genes with significant changes in expression. Out of these, 1,072 genes were significantly downregulated, while 1,674 genes were significantly upregulated. Among them, genes involved in ABA synthesis and signaling pathways, such as 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C), serine/threonine-protein kinase (SnRK2), and abscisic acid responsive element binding factor (ABF), exhibited significant downregulation. Additionally, expression of the lipoxygenase gene LOX, Jasmonate ZIM domain-containing protein gene JAZ, and transcription factor gene MYC were significantly down-regulated. In the cytokinin pathway, while there were no significant changes in the expression of the cytokinin synthesis genes, a significant downregulation of transcriptionally active factor type-B response regulators (type-B RRs) was observed. In terms of SA synthesis and signaling pathways, the isochorismate synthase gene ICS1 and the pathogenesis-related gene PR1 were significantly upregulated. These results can strengthen the theoretical foundation for understanding the interaction between TSWV and tobacco and provide new insights for the future prevention and control of TSWV.

Effects of miR-214 on adenosine A2A receptor and carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles on the function of keloid fibroblasts and their mechanisms.

This work prepared and investigated the impact of carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles (MC-NPs) on the proliferative capability of keloid fibroblasts (KFBs) while analyzing the mechanistic roles of miR-214 and adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) in fibroblasts within hypertrophic scars. MC-NPs were synthesized through ion cross-linking, were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and laser particle size scattering. The influence of MC-NPs on the proliferation capacity of KFBs was assessed using the MTT method. Changes in the expression levels of miR-214 and A2AR in KFBs, normal skin fibroblasts (NFBs), hypertrophic scar tissue, and normal skin tissue were analyzed. KFBs were categorized into anti-miR-214, anti-miR-NC, miR-214 mimics, miR-NC, si-A2AR, si-con, anti-miR-214+ si-con, and anti-miR-214+ si-A2AR groups. Bioinformatics target prediction was conducted to explore the interaction between miR-214 and A2AR. Real-time quantitative PCR and immunoblotting (WB) were employed to detect the expression levels of miR-214, A2AR, apoptotic protein Bax, and TGF-ß in different cells. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and flow cytometry were employed to assess cell proliferation activity and apoptosis. The results indicated that MC-NPs exhibited spherical particles with an average diameter of 236.47 ± 4.98 nm. The cell OD value in the MC-NPs group was lower than that in KFBs (P < 0.05). The mRNA levels of miR-214 in KFBs and hypertrophic scar tissue were lower than those in NFBs and normal tissue (P < 0.001), while the mRNA and protein levels of A2AR were significantly elevated (P < 0.05). Compared to the control group and anti-miR-NC, the anti-miR-214 group showed significantly increased cell OD values and Bcl-2 protein expression (P < 0.001), decreased levels of apoptotic gene Bax protein, TGF-ß gene mRNA, and protein expression (P < 0.001). Continuous complementary binding sites were identified between miR-214 and A2AR. Compared to the control group, the si-A2AR group exhibited a significant decrease in A2AR gene mRNA and protein expression levels (P < 0.001), reduced cell viability (P < 0.001), increased apoptosis rate (P < 0.001), and a significant elevation in TGF-ß protein expression (P < 0.001). miR-214 targetedly regulated the expression of A2AR, inducing changes in TGF-ß content, promoting the proliferation of keloid fibroblasts, and inhibiting cell apoptosis.

Case Report: The ultrasound features of acquired cystic disease-associated renal cell carcinoma: a case series.

Background: Acquired cystic disease-associated renal cell carcinoma (ACD-RCC) is a new subtype listed by the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification, which occurred in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. This study will present the imaging characteristics of the four cases diagnosed with ACD-RCC. Ultrasound is expected to help detect abnormalities early in the follow-up of patients on regular dialysis, allowing patients to receive early treatment. Case presentation: We searched the pathology database of our hospital for all inpatients diagnosed with ACD-RCC between January 2016 and May 2022. Pathology, ultrasound, and radiology readings are performed by experienced physicians with the title of attending physician or higher. Four cases were included in this study, all of whom were male, aged from 17 to 59. Two cases suffered from ACD-RCC in both kidneys, and kidney nephrectomies were performed. One case underwent renal transplantation, whose creatinine was back to normal, and the rest were on hemodialysis. On the pathological images, heteromorphic cells and oxalate crystals can be seen. Both ultrasound and enhanced CT showed an enhancement of the solid component of the occupancy. We followed up with outpatient and telephone visits. Conclusion: In clinical work, ACD-RCC should be considered when the mass appears in the background of multiple cysts in the kidney in patients with ESRD. A timely diagnosis will help with treatment and prognosis.

Can contrast-enhanced ultrasound differentiate the type of hepatic echinococcosis: cystic echinococcosis or alveolar echinococcosis?

BACKGROUND: Hepatic echinococcosis (HE) is a zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus, and Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis are the most common, causing cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE), respectively. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is an imaging technique which has been recommended for identifying focal lesions in the liver. However, the effect of CEUS on the differentiation of hepatic echinococcosis type remains unclear. METHODS: Twenty-five patients with 46 HE lesions confirmed by histopathology in our hospital from December 2019 to May 2022 were reviewed by conventional ultrasound (US) and CEUS examinations, respectively. After US was completed, the CEUS study was performed. A bolus injection of 1.0-1.2 ml of a sulfur hexafluoride-filled microbubble contrast agent (SonoVue®) was administered. The images and clips of the lesions by US and CEUS were reviewed retrospectively. The lesions detected using US were evaluated including the location, size, morphology, margin, internal echogenicity and the internal Doppler signal. The lesions detected using CEUS were evaluated including the enhancement degree, enhancement pattern and enhancing boundary in different phases. The diagnoses of lesions by US or CEUS were respectively recorded. By taking the histopathology as the gold standard, the paired Chi-square test was performed with statistical software (IBM SPSS; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA), and the results of differentiation of HE type by US and CEUS were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 46 lesions were involved in 25 patients, including 10 males (40.0%) and 15 females (60.0%) aged 15-55 (42.9 ± 10.3) years. By histopathology, 24 lesions of nine patients were diagnosed as CE and 22 lesions of 16 patients were diagnosed as AE. Among the 46 HE lesions, compared with histopathological examination, the accuracy rate was 65.2% and 91.3% in US and CEUS findings, respectively. Among the 24 CE lesions, 13 lesions were correctly differentiated by US, and 23 by CEUS. The difference between US and CEUS was statistically significant (Chi-square test, [Formula: see text] = 8.10, df = 23, P < 0.005). Among the total 46 HE lesions, 30 lesions were correctly differentiated by US, and 42 by CEUS. The difference between US and CEUS was statistically significant (Chi-square test, [Formula: see text] = 10.08, df = 45, P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: CEUS is a more effective technique than US for differentiating the type of HE between CE and AE. It could be a reliable tool in the differentiation of HE.

Full-length RNA sequencing reveals the mechanisms by which an TSWV-HCRV complex suppresses plant basal resistance.

Viruses deploy numerous strategies to infect plants, typically by forming complexes with another virus, leading to more efficient infection. However, the detailed plant responses to viral infection and the underlying mechanisms of co-infection remain unclear. Previously, we found that tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) and Hippeastrum chlorotic ringspot orthotospovirus (HCRV) could infect plants in the field by forming a complex. In this study, we found that TSWV infected tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) plants in cooperation with HCRV, leading to a more efficient infection rate of both viruses. We then used the in-depth full-length transcriptome to analyze the responses of N. benthamiana to complex infection by TSWV-HCRV (TH). We found that infection with individual TSWV and HCRV triggered plant defense responses, including the jasmonic acid signaling pathway, autophagy, and secondary metabolism. However, TH co-infection could not trigger and even suppress some genes that are involved in these basal resistance responses, suggesting that co-infection is advantageous for the virus and not for the plants. Typically, the TH complex inhibits NbPR1 expression to suppress tobacco resistance. Moreover, the TH complex could alter the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), especially novel-m0782-3p and miR1992-3p, which directly interact with NbSAM and NbWRKY6 and suppress their expression in tobacco, leading to downregulation of NbPR1 and loss of resistance in tobacco to TSWV and HCRV viruses. Overall, our results elucidated the co-infection mechanisms of TH in tobacco by deploying the miRNA of plants to suppress plant basal resistance and contributed to developing a novel strategy to control crop disease caused by this virus complex.

Chelating decorporation agents for internal contamination by actinides: Designs, mechanisms, and advances.

During the wide utilization of the actinides in medicine, energy, military, and other fields, internal contaminations can profoundly endanger human health and public security. Chelating decorporation agents are the most effective therapies to reduce internal contamination that includes radiological and chemical toxicities. This review introduces the structures of chelating decorporation agents including inorganic salts, polyaminocarboxylic acids, peptides, polyphosphonates, siderophores, calixarenes, polyethylenimines, and fullerenes, and highlights ongoing advances in their designs and mechanisms. However, there are still numerous challenges that block their applications including coordination properties, pharmacokinetic properties, oral bioavailability, limited timing of administration, and toxicity. Therefore, additional efforts are needed to push novel decorporation agents with high efficiency and low toxicity for the treatment of internal contamination by actinides.

Misdiagnosis of a Patient with Hepatic Alveolar Echinococcosis with Hepatapostema: A Case Report.

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is an important zoonotic tropical disease in China that affects people living in western endemic areas. The disease is prone to occur in the liver with a characteristic similar to slow-growing malignant tumors. We report a 31-year-old male patient with serious complication after hepatorrhaphy, who had presented with clinical manifestations of hepatapostema with infection. Ultrasound (US) and computer tomography (CT) are two important medical imaging modalities to diagnose hepatic AE. Based on the medical history, clinical findings, laboratorial and imaging results, the patient was misdiagnosed with hepatapostema. A series of subsequent treatments were ineffective. Finally, partial hepatectomy was performed, and postoperative pathological results confirmed hepatic AE. The patient has now recovered.

Case report: Ultrasonographic findings of retroperitoneum and abdominal wall metastases of renal cell carcinoma with FH gene deletion.

Renal cell carcinoma with FH gene deletion is a rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma. There had been few reports about ultrasonographic imaging of metastasis of renal cell carcinoma with FH gene deletion. This case reported one of the features of metastasis of renal cell carcinoma with FH gene deletion of a male patient 7 months after undergoing radical nephrectomy. He was diagnosed with a renal malignant tumor before the operation and confirmed to be primary FH gene-deficient renal cell carcinoma after undergoing radical nephrectomy in another hospital. Reexamination 7 months after the operation indicated that multiple metastases all over the body were found; therefore, he came to our hospital for further diagnosis and therapy. The tumors have metastasized in the lungs, bones, and lymph nodes adjacent to the left reproductive vessels and external iliac vessels, retroperitoneum, and abdominal wall so far as confirmed by PET/CT or MRI. Ultrasonographic findings of masses in the retroperitoneum and abdominal wall are fully discussed, which have been confirmed by biopsy and diagnosed as renal cell carcinoma with FH gene deletion by pathology.

Analysis of the miRNA expression profile involved in the tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus-pepper interaction.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of about 22 nucleotide endogenous non-coding small RNAs that play important roles in plant development and defense responses to biotic and abiotic stress. Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) is among the most devastating plant viruses worldwide, causing leaf spotting and wilting symptoms in many plants. In this study, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to identify miRNAs in peppers that were regulated by TSWV infection, and bioinformatics techniques were used to analyze the function of these miRNAs and their target genes. The sequencing results showed that, in the pepper plants infected by TSWV, a total of 101 miRNAs were differentially expressed, and several differentially expressed miRNAs were verified by the qRT-PCR method. Based on the GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, the functions of these miRNAs and their target genes were predicted. These target genes play a regulatory role in pathways such as plant-pathogen interactions and plant hormone signal transduction. Our results provide information about pepper miRNAs and will help to further understand the mechanism of TSWV-host interactions.

Supercritical CO2 extraction of fermented soybean lipids against erastin-induced ferroptosis in rat pheochromocytoma cells.

The optimum supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction of fermented soybean lipids (FSE-C) was as follows: 35 °C, 30 MPa, and 2.40 ± 0.19% moisture content using response surface methodology. The fatty acid composition of FSE-C contained more palmitic acid and α-linolenic acid and less linoleic acid than unfermented soybean lipids (SE-C). FSE-C had higher contents of minor active components (phytosterols, squalene, total flavonoid, and total polyphenol) than SE-C. The protective effects of FSE-C on erastin-induced ferroptosis were investigated to reveal the potential mechanisms of action characterized by increasing cell viability and glutathione concentrations, attenuating levels of intracellular Fe2+ ion, lipid peroxidation, and ROS, as well as modifying mRNA expression (GPx4, SLC7A11, ACSL4, and LPCAT3) and lipid metabolism. These findings suggest that FSE-C is a class of active ingredients against erastin-induced ferroptosis and warrants further exploration and utilization as a functional food.

Use of deep sequencing to profile small RNAs derived from tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus and hippeastrum chlorotic ringspot orthotospovirus in infected Capsicum annuum.

Virus-derived small RNAs are one of the key factors of RNA silencing in plant defence against viruses. We obtained virus-derived small interfering RNA profiles from Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus and Hippeastrum chlorotic ringspot orthotospovirus infected Capsicum annuum XX19 and XY11 by deep sequencing one day after inoculation. The vsiRNAs data were mapped to the TSWV and HCRV genomes, and the results showed that the vsiRNAs measured 19-24 nucleotides in length. Most of the vsiRNAs were mapped to the S segment of the viral genome. For XX19 and XY11 infected with HCRV, the distribution range of vsiRNAs in S RNA was 52.06-55.20%, while for XX19 and XY11 infected with TSWV, the distribution range of vsiRNAs in S RNA was 87.76-89.07%. The first base at the 5' end of the siRNA from TSWV and HCRV was primarily biased towards A, U, or C. Compared with mock-inoculated XX19 and XY11, the expression level of CaRDR1 was upregulated in TSWV- and HCRV-inoculated XX19 and XY11. CaAGO2 and CaAGO5 were upregulated in XY11 against HCRV infection, and CaRDR2 was downregulated in TSWV-infected XY11 and XX19. The profile of HCRV and TSWV vsiRNA verified in this study could be useful for selecting key vsiRNA such as those in disease-resistant varieties by artificially synthesizing amiRNA.

Analysis of clinical effect of the four-step pouch approach in ocular plastic surgery.

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical effect of the four-step pouch plastic surgery in ocular plastic surgery. METHODS: Patients with ocular plastic surgery admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to October 2019 were selected as the study subjects. The patients were divided into the observation group (n=41) and the control group (n=43) according to the different surgical modalities received. The traditional skin approach of lower eyelid, and the four-step pouch plastic surgery were used as the control group and observation group, respectively. The operation time, postoperative recovery time of the eye skin, clinical effect, postoperative complications, and satisfaction rate were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The operation time was compared between the two groups, indicating no significant difference (P > 0.05). The postoperative recovery time of the eye skin was significantly shorter in the observation group than the control group (P < 0.05). The total clinical effective rate (95.12%) was significantly higher in the observation group than that in the control group (79.07%) (P < 0.05). The total incidence of complications (7.32%) was significantly lower in the observation group than that in the control group (25.58%) (P < 0.05). The overall satisfaction rate was significantly higher in the observation group than the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The clinical effect of four-step pouch plastic surgery in ocular plastic surgery is significant.

Sonographic Features of Pure Mucinous Brelast Carcinoma With Micropapillary Pattern.

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have mostly discussed the clinical manifestations and prognosis of mucinous breast carcinoma with a micropapillary pattern. The purposes of this study were to investigate the sonographic features of pure mucinous breast carcinoma with micropapillary pattern (MUMPC) and to identify the role of ultrasound in the differential diagnosis between MUMPC and conventional pure mucinous breast carcinoma (cPMBC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We obtained written informed consent from all patients, and the Ethics Committee of West China Hospital approved this retrospective study. The study was conducted between May and August 2020. We enrolled 133 patients with 133 breast lesions confirmed as mucinous breast carcinoma (MBC) histopathologically between January 2014 and January 2020.We retrospectively assessed sonographic features (margin, shape, internal echogenicity, calcification, posterior acoustic feature, invasive growth, blood flow grade, and rate of missed diagnosis) and clinical characteristics (age, tumor size, tumor texture, initial symptom, and lymph node metastasis). Bivariable analyses were performed using SPSS version 19.0. RESULTS: The 133 lesions included 11 MUMPCs, 65 cPMBCs, and 57 mixed MBCs (MMBCs). There were significant differences in margin, shape, calcification, posterior acoustic feature, invasive growth, rate of missed diagnosis, average tumor size, and lymph node metastasis among the three groups (p < 0.05). The subsequent pairwise comparisons showed that there were significant differences in lymph node metastasis, margin, and invasive growth between MUMPC and cPMBC (p < 0.05). In patients aged >45 years, there was a significant difference in tumor size among the three groups (p = 0.045), and paired comparison showed that the average tumor size in the cPMBC group was larger than that in the MMBC group (p = 0.014). CONCLUSION: MUMPC showed a non-circumscribed margin and invasive growth more frequently than cPMBC did. Lymphatic metastasis was more likely to occur in MUMPC than cPMBC. Ultrasound is helpful to distinguish MUMPC from cPMBC.