[Remediation Mechanism of Chitosan-modified Biochar on Cd-contaminated Farmland Soil and Its Effect on Bacterial Community].

To explore the remediation mechanism of chitosan-modified biochar （passivator） on Cd-contaminated farmland soil, pot experiments were conducted to determine the effects of passivator on soil physical and chemical properties, ryegrass biomass, enzyme activity, and the response of soil bacterial diversity and structure. The results showed that when the amount of passivating agent was increased from 0.5% to 3%, the content of available Cd in soil was significantly decreased compared with that in the control, and the above-ground and subsurface biomass of ryegrass was increased by 1.08-1.56 times and 1.00-1.68 times, respectively. The enrichment and running coefficients were reduced by 6.15%-30.00% and 10.42%-31.25%, respectively. The correlation analysis results showed that soil pH, CEC, SOM, AN, AP, and AK were significantly negatively correlated with DTPA-Cd, indicating that the application of a passivating agent promoted the passivation of Cd in soil by changing the physical and chemical properties of soil. High-throughput sequencing results showed that the application of the inactivation agent changed the structure and diversity of the soil bacterial community, which was manifested as a significant decrease in α diversity, significant isolation of bacteria between different treatment groups, and an increase in the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Sphingomonas and Blastococcus. Moreover, the activities of soil urease and cellulase increased, whereas the activities of sucrase and catalase decreased with the addition of a passivator. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical reference for the application of modified biochar in the remediation of Cd-contaminated farmland soil.

Roles of integrin in tumor development and the target inhibitors.

Integrin is a large family of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) which involves in the interaction of cells/cells and cells/ extracellular matrix (ECM) to mediate cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, migration, etc. In recent years, aberrant expression of integrin has been clearly found in many tumor studies, indicating that integrin is closely related to tumor formation and development. Meanwhile, it has effects on tumor cell differentiation, cell migration, proliferation and tumor neovascularization. The study of drugs targeting integrins is of great significance for the clinical treatment of tumors. Because of its important role in tumorigenesis and development, integrin has become a promising target for the treatment of cancer. This review summarizes the role of integrin in tumor development and the current state of integrin inhibitors to provide a valuable reference for subsequent research.

Advances and challenges in screening traditional Chinese anti-aging materia medica.

To provide a better service for senior health care, we summarized screening studies of traditional Chinese anti-aging materia medica (TCAM). We collected and analyzed literature of TCAM screening studies using the lifespan test and animal models of aging from 1984 to 2012. We found 26 screening methods for TCAM, and 153 single herbs or active ingredients of TCAM that have been screened out during the past 28 years. The cell lifespan test, the fruit fly lifespan test, and D-galactose aging model were the most widely used and intensively studied screening methods. However, the method for establishing the D-galactose aging model needs to be standardized, and the D-galactose aging model cannot completely be a substitute for the normal aging mouse model. Great success has been achieved in screening studies in TCAM. To further improve screening studies in TCAM, we suggest that the D-galactose aging model be incorporated into the lifespan test in the New Drugs of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Guide.