Twinned crystal Cd0.9Zn0.1S/MoO3 nanorod S-scheme heterojunctions as promising photocatalysts for efficient hydrogen evolution.

Leveraging solar energy through photocatalytic hydrogen production from water stands out as one of the most promising approaches to address the energy and environmental challenges. The choice of catalyst profoundly influences the outcomes of photocatalytic reactions, and constructing heterojunctions has emerged as a widely applied strategy to overcome the limitations associated with single-phase photocatalysts. MoO3, renowned for its high chemical stability, encounters issues such as low photocatalytic efficiency and fast recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. To tackle these challenges, the morphology of MoO3 has been controlled to form nanorods, simultaneously suppressing the aggregation of the catalyst and increasing the number of surface-active sites. Moreover, to facilitate the separation of photogenerated charge carriers, Cd0.9Zn0.1S nanoparticles with a twin crystal structure are deposited on the surface of MoO3, establishing an S-scheme heterojunction. Experimental findings demonstrate that the synergistic effects arising from the well-defined morphology and interface interactions extend the absorption range to visible light response, improve charge transfer activity, and prolong the lifetime of charge carriers. Consequently, Cd0.9Zn0.1S/MoO3 S-scheme heterojunctions exhibit outstanding photocatalytic hydrogen production performance (3909.79 µmol g-1 h-1) under visible light irradiation, surpassing that of MoO3 by nearly nine fold.

Hollow Cu2-xS@NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide Core-Shell S-Scheme Heterojunctions with Broad-Spectrum Response and Enhanced Photothermal-Photocatalytic Performance.

Designing a reasonable heterojunction is an efficient path to improve the separation of photogenerated charges and enhance photocatalytic activity. In this study, Cu2-xS@NiFe-LDH hollow nanoboxes with core-shell structure are successfully prepared. The results show that Cu2-xS@NiFe-LDH with broad-spectrum response has good photothermal and photocatalytic activity, and the photocatalytic activity and stability of the catalyst are enhanced by the establishment of unique hollow structure and core-shell heterojunction structure. Transient PL spectra (TRPL) indicates that constructing Cu2-xS@NiFe-LDH heterojunction can prolong carrier lifetime obviously. Cu2-xS@NiFe-LDH shows a high photocatalytic hydrogen production efficiency (5176.93 µmol h-1 g-1), and tetracycline degradation efficiency (98.3%), and its hydrogen production rate is ≈10-12 times that of pure Cu2-xS and NiFe-LDH. In situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron spin resonance (ESR) provide proofs of the S-scheme electron transfer path. The S-scheme heterojunction achieves high spatial charge separation and exhibits strong photoredox ability, thus improving the photocatalytic performance.

Surface and interface engineering of BiOCl nanomaterials and their photocatalytic applications.

BiOCl materials have received much attention because of their unique optical and electrical properties. Still, their unsatisfactory catalytic performance has been troubling researchers, limiting the application of BiOCl-based photocatalysts. Therefore, many researchers have studied the adjustment of BiOCl-based materials to enhance photocatalytic efficiency. This review focuses on surface and interface engineering strategies for boosting the photocatalytic performance of BiOCl-based nanomaterials, including forming oxygen vacancy defects, constructing metal/BiOCl, and the fabrication of semiconductor/BiOCl nanocomposites. The photocatalytic applications of the above composites are also concluded in photodegradation of aqueous pollutants, photocatalytic NO removal, photo-induced H2 production, and CO2 reduction. Special emphasis has been given to the modification methods of BiOCl and photocatalytic mechanisms to provide a more detailed understanding for researchers in the fields of energy conversion and materials sciences.

Bi/Mn-Doped BiOCl Nanosheets Self-Assembled Microspheres toward Optimized Photocatalytic Performance.

Doping engineering of metallic elements is of significant importance in photocatalysis, especially in the transition element range where metals possess empty 'd' orbitals that readily absorb electrons and increase carrier concentration. The doping of Mn ions produces dipole interactions that change the local structure of BiOCl, thus increasing the specific surface area of BiOCl and the number of mesoporous distributions, and providing a broader platform and richer surface active sites for catalytic reactions. The combination of Mn doping and metal Bi reduces the forbidden bandwidth of BiOCl, thereby increasing the absorption in the light region and strengthening the photocatalytic ability of BiOCl. The degradation of norfloxacin by Bi/Mn-doped BiOCl can reach 86.5% within 10 min. The synergistic effect of Mn doping and Bi metal can change the internal energy level and increase light absorption simultaneously. The photocatalytic system created by such a dual-technology combination has promising applications in environmental remediation.

Defective Cd0.3Zn0.7S twin crystal/Ag3PO4 Z-scheme heterojunctions toward optimized visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

To improve the photocatalytic performance of semiconductor catalysts, one of the most widely used strategies is to combine two or more semiconductors with appropriate energy band structures to construct heterojunctions for an extended light absorption range and effective charge separation. Here, a novel Z-scheme heterojunction is fabricated via the Cd0.3Zn0.7S twin crystal and the narrow band gap semiconductor Ag3PO4. The resulting Cd0.3Zn0.7S/1%Ag3PO4 photocatalyst exhibits excellent photocatalytic hydrogen production capability (167.29 µmol h-1), which is two times higher than that of Cd0.3Zn0.7S and 44/7 times higher than that of pristine ZnS/CdS. The excellent photocatalytic performance is not only attributed to the defective twin crystal structure of Cd0.3Zn0.7S but also related to the well-matched Z-scheme interface between Cd0.3Zn0.7S and Ag3PO4, and both factors effectively promote the separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs and prolong the lifetime of the carriers, being responsible for the excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance of the catalysts. This strategy provides new insights into the construction of efficient twin crystal heterojunctions for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution with high performance.

Construction of 2D/2D Mesoporous WO3/CeO2 Laminated Heterojunctions for Optimized Photocatalytic Performance.

Photocatalytic elimination of antibiotics from the environment and drinking water is of great significance for human health. However, the efficiency of photoremoval of antibiotics such as tetracycline is severely limited by the prompt recombination of electron holes and slow charge migration efficacy. Fabrication of low-dimensional heterojunction composites is an efficient method for shortening charge carrier migration distance and enhancing charge transfer efficiency. Herein, 2D/2D mesoporous WO3/CeO2 laminated Z-scheme heterojunctions were successfully prepared using a two-step hydrothermal process. The mesoporous structure of the composites was proved by nitrogen sorption isotherms, in which sorption-desorption hysteresis was observed. The intimate contact and charge transfer mechanism between WO3 nanoplates and CeO2 nanosheets was investigated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, respectively. Photocatalytic tetracycline degradation efficiency was noticeably promoted by the formation of 2D/2D laminated heterojunctions. The improved photocatalytic activity could be attributed to the formation of Z-scheme laminated heterostructure and 2D morphology favoring spatial charge separation, confirmed by various characterizations. The optimized 5WO3/CeO2 (5 wt.% WO3) composites can degrade more than 99% of tetracycline in 80 min, achieving a peak TC photodegradation efficiency of 0.0482 min-1, which is approximately 3.4 times that of pristine CeO2. A Z-scheme mechanism is proposed for photocatalytic tetracycline by from WO3/CeO2 Z-scheme laminated heterojunctions based on the experimental results.

High-Crystallinity BiOCl Nanosheets as Efficient Photocatalysts for Norfloxacin Antibiotic Degradation.

Semiconductor photocatalysts are essential materials in the field of environmental remediation. Various photocatalysts have been developed to solve the contamination problem of norfloxacin in water pollution. Among them, a crucial ternary photocatalyst, BiOCl, has attracted extensive attention due to its unique layered structure. In this work, high-crystallinity BiOCl nanosheets were prepared using a one-step hydrothermal method. The obtained BiOCl nanosheets showed good photocatalytic degradation performance, and the degradation rate of highly toxic norfloxacin using BiOCl reached 84% within 180 min. The internal structure and surface chemical state of BiOCl were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-visible diffuse reflectance (UV-vis), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and photoelectric techniques. The higher crystallinity of BiOCl closely aligned molecules with each other, which improved the separation efficiency of photogenerated charges and showed high degradation efficiency for norfloxacin antibiotics. Furthermore, the obtained BiOCl nanosheets possess decent photocatalytic stability and recyclability.

Bi2Fe4O9@ZnIn2S4 S-scheme laminated heterojunction photocatalyst towards optimized photocatalytic performance.

Reasonable design of heterojunction photocatalysts can effectively promote charge separation, thus improving their photocatalytic performance. Herein, a Bi2Fe4O9@ZnIn2S4 S-scheme laminated heterojunction photocatalyst with 2D/2D interface interaction is prepared via a hydrothermal-annealing-hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of Bi2Fe4O9@ZnIn2S4 is up to 3964.26 µmol h-1 g-1, which is 12.1 times higher than that of pristine ZnIn2S4. In addition, its photocatalytic tetracycline degradation efficiency (99.9%) is also optimized. The enhanced photocatalytic performance can be attributed to the formation of S-scheme laminated heterojunctions that facilitate charge separation as well as strong 2D/2D laminated interface interactions favoring charge transfer. By combining in situ irradiation X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with other characterization methods, the photoexcited charge transfer mechanism of S-scheme heterojunctions has been proved. Photoelectric chemical tests demonstrate the effectiveness of the S-scheme laminated heterojunction in improving the charge separation. This strategy provides a novel perspective for designing other high-efficient S-scheme laminated heterojunction photocatalysts.

Recent Advances in Black TiO2 Nanomaterials for Solar Energy Conversion.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials have been widely used in photocatalytic energy conversion and environmental remediation due to their advantages of low cost, chemical stability, and relatively high photo-activity. However, applications of TiO2 have been restricted in the ultraviolet range because of the wide band gap. Broadening the light absorption of TiO2 nanomaterials is an efficient way to improve the photocatalytic activity. Thus, black TiO2 with extended light response range in the visible light and even near infrared light has been extensively exploited as efficient photocatalysts in the last decade. This review represents an attempt to conclude the recent developments in black TiO2 nanomaterials synthesized by modified treatment, which presented different structure, morphological features, reduced band gap, and enhanced solar energy harvesting efficiency. Special emphasis has been given to the newly developed synthetic methods, porous black TiO2, and the approaches for further improving the photocatalytic activity of black TiO2. Various black TiO2, doped black TiO2, metal-loaded black TiO2 and black TiO2 heterojunction photocatalysts, and their photocatalytic applications and mechanisms in the field of energy and environment are summarized in this review, to provide useful insights and new ideas in the related field.

Na-doped g-C3N4/NiO 2D/2D laminated p-n heterojunction nanosheets toward optimized photocatalytic performance.

Na-doped g-C3N4/NiO 2D/2D laminated p-n heterojunction nanosheets are fabricated by facile calcination and hydrothermal methods. The average thickness of g-C3N4 nanosheets is ∼1.388 nm, and the ultrathin structure allows for a high specific surface area and enough surface active sites, increasing the surface reactivity. The flower ball like structure of NiO increases the light utilization rate. Na doping accelerates charge separation and transport by increasing the electrical conductivity. The g-C3N4 and NiO nanosheets form 2D/2D laminated structures, and the spherical structure can suppress the agglomeration of 2D nanosheets, which could realize adequate interface contact and form efficient p-n heterojunctions. The p-n heterostructure builds an internal electric field to accelerate spatial charge separation. Under visible light irradiation, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency for ciprofloxacin and the hydrogen production rate of Na-doped g-C3N4/NiO are up to 99.0%, and 2299.32 µmol h-1 g-1, respectively, which are several times higher than those of the pristine one. The fabrication strategy for 2D/2D laminated heterojunctions may provide new insights for the preparation of novel laminated photocatalysts with high performance.

Metal-organic framework (MOF)-5/CuO@ZnIn2S4 core-shell Z-scheme tandem heterojunctions for improved charge separation and enhanced photocatalytic performance.

Interface engineering is regarded as an effective strategy for charge separation. Metal-organic framework (MOF)-5/CuO@ZnIn2S4 core-shell Z-scheme tandem heterojunctions with a three-dimensional floral spherical shape are prepared by a two-step solvothermal and oxidative method. The flower spherical core-shell structure enhances multiple reflections and refractions of light and thus improves light utilization efficiently. In addition, this core-shell structure can supply sufficient active sites for photocatalytic reactions. Meanwhile, the composition of Z-scheme tandem heterojunctions and the photothermal effect contributed to the spatial charge separation and accelerated the photocatalytic process. The photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of MOF-5/CuO@ZnIn2S4 (1938.3 µmol g-1 h-1) is 18 times higher than that of pristine MOF-5, and the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 2,4-dichlorophenol and phenol can reach up to 98.7% and 97.3%, respectively. In addition, multiple cycle experiments demonstrate high stability, which is favorable for practical applications.

Surface engineering of hematite nanorods photoanode towards optimized photoelectrochemical water splitting.

Rapid charge recombination in hematite (Fe2O3) during photoelectrochemical water splitting is a major obstacle to achieving high-efficiency photoelectrodes. Surface defect engineering is considered as a viable strategy for enhancing photoelectrochemical activity of oxide photoanodes. Herein, a one-dimensional (1D) defective γ-Fe2O3 nanorods (DFNRs) photoanode is prepared using solvothermal and high-temperature hydrogenation strategies. The as-prepared DFNRs possess superior visible-light absorption capacity and exhibit excellent photoelectrochemical performance (0.98 mA cm-2), with approximately three-fold higher photocurrent density than that of pristine Fe2O3 (FNRs, 0.32 mA cm-2). The enhanced activity of the DFNRs results from the moderate formation of oxygen vacancy defects, which promotes spatial charge separation and transfer at the DFNRs/electrolyte interface, as well as the 1D nanorod structure, which favors rapid charge transfer. The surface of γ-Fe2O3 with hydroxyl (OH) groups provides sufficient surface-active sites. This result suggests that surface-oxygen deficiency of γ-Fe2O3 can not only expand the light absorption range but also facilitating photo-generated charge carriers separation. This surface engineering strategy provides an alternative method for preparing stable and highly active metal oxide photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting.

An efficient photo Fenton system for in-situ evolution of H2O2via defective iron-based metal organic framework@ZnIn2S4 core-shell Z-scheme heterojunction nanoreactor.

The fabrication of an efficient photoFenton system without the addition of H2O2 is still a challenge and is cost-effective and favorable for practical applications. In this work, a core@shell Z-scheme heterojunction nanoreactor was successfully fabricated, in which hierarchical two-dimensional (2D) ZnIn2S4 nanosheets are coated on defective iron-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) (NH2-MIL-88B(Fe)), realizing efficient in-situ evolution of H2O2 and constructing an optimal heterogeneous Fenton platform. The degradation rates of defective NH2-MIL-88B(Fe)@ZnIn2S4 (0.4 g L-1) for bisphenol A and ofloxacin under visible light irradiation within 180 min reached 99.4% and 98.5%, respectively, and the photocatalytic hydrogen production efficiency was approximately 502 µmol h-1 g-1. The excellent photoFenton performance was attributed to the introduction of ligand defects into the MOF, which can adjust the band structure to enhance the light absorption capacity, and the in-situ generation of H2O2 accelerating the Fe3+/Fe2+ conversion. In addition, the formation of the core@shell nanoreactor Z-scheme heterojunction structure promoted spatial charge separation. This strategy offers new ideas for constructing efficient photocatalysis and photoFenton systems.

Hollow Nanoboxes Cu2-x S@ZnIn2 S4 Core-Shell S-Scheme Heterojunction with Broad-Spectrum Response and Enhanced Photothermal-Photocatalytic Performance.

Major issues in photocatalysis include improving charge carrier separation efficiency at the interface of semiconductor photocatalysts and rationally developing efficient hierarchical heterostructures. Surface continuous growth deposition is used to make hollow Cu2-x S nanoboxes, and then simple hydrothermal reaction is used to make core-shell Cu2-x S@ZnIn2 S4 S-scheme heterojunctions. The photothermal and photocatalytic performance of Cu2-x S@ZnIn2 S4 is improved. In an experimental hydrogen production test, the Cu2-x S@ZnIn2 S4 photocatalyst produces 4653.43 µmol h-1 g-1 of hydrogen, which is 137.6 and 13.8 times higher than pure Cu2-x S and ZnIn2 S4 , respectively. Furthermore, the photocatalyst exhibits a high tetracycline degradation efficiency in the water of up to 98.8%. For photocatalytic reactions, the hollow core-shell configuration gives a large specific surface area and more reactive sites. The photocatalytic response range is broadened, infrared light absorption enhanced, the photothermal effect is outstanding, and the photocatalytic process is promoted. Meanwhile, characterizations, degradation studies, active species trapping investigations, energy band structure analysis, and theoretical calculations all reveal that the S-scheme heterojunction can efficiently increase photogenerated carrier separation. This research opens up new possibilities for future S-scheme heterojunction catalyst design and development.

Efficient Charge Transfer Channels in Reduced Graphene Oxide/Mesoporous TiO2 Nanotube Heterojunction Assemblies toward Optimized Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

Interface engineering is usually considered to be an efficient strategy to promote the separation and migration of photoexcited electron-hole pairs and improve photocatalytic performance. Herein, reduced graphene oxide/mesoporous titanium dioxide nanotube heterojunction assemblies (rGO/TiO2) are fabricated via a facile hydrothermal method. The rGO is anchored on the surface of TiO2 nanosheet assembled nanotubes in a tightly manner due to the laminated effect, in which the formed heterojunction interface becomes efficient charge transfer channels to boost the photocatalytic performance. The resultant rGO/TiO2 heterojunction assemblies extend the photoresponse to the visible light region and exhibit an excellent photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of 932.9 µmol h-1 g-1 under simulated sunlight (AM 1.5G), which is much higher than that of pristine TiO2 nanotubes (768.4 µmol h-1 g-1). The enhancement can be ascribed to the formation of a heterojunction assembly, establishing effective charge transfer channels and favoring spatial charge separation, the introduced rGO acting as an electron acceptor and the two-dimensional mesoporous nanosheets structure supplying a large surface area and adequate surface active sites. This heterojunction assembly will have potential applications in energy fields.

G protein-coupled receptor MAS1 induces an inhibitory effect on myocardial infarction-induced myocardial injury.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most prevalent disease with high mortality, leading to devastating heart injury. Here, we aimed to explore the effect of MAS1 on the MI-induced myocardial injury. Significantly, we identified that the expression of MAS1 was decreased in the MI rat model and hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R)-treated H9C2 cells. Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining revealed that the overexpression of MAS1 notably attenuated MI-related myocardium injury in the MI rat model. Echocardiography analysis revealed that MI inhibited left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fraction shortening (LVFS), whereas the MAS1 overexpression could increase LVEF and LVFS in the MI rats. Meanwhile, the expression of collagen I, collagen III, α-SMA, ANP, and BNP was decreased by MAS1 overexpression in the MI rats. MAS1 attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Mechanically, the overexpression of MAS1 decreased the expression of PTEN and enhanced the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT in vivo and in vitro. The overexpression of PTEN and the PI3k inhibitor LY294002 could reverse the MAS1-mediated MI injury. Thus, we conclude that MAS1 inhibits MI-induced myocardial injury by modulating PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling. Our finding provides new insight into the mechanism by which MAS1 attenuates MI-related cardiac dysfunction.

Polydopamine/defective ultrathin mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets as Z-scheme organic assembly for robust photothermal-photocatalytic performance.

Polydopamine/defective ultrathin mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (PDA/DCN) Z-scheme organic assembly is fabricated through high-temperature surface hydrogenation and ultrasonic freeze-dried strategies. PDA could be anchored on the surface of DCN with adequate N-vacancy defects firmly via π-π interactions, forming Z-scheme heterogenous structure for promoting charge separation. The visible and near-infrared light driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate is up to 3420 µmol h-1 g-1, and the removal ratio of organic contaminant methylene blue is up to 98% within 70 min, which is several times higher than that of pristine graphitic carbon nitride and DCN. The important reason is the defects of DCN not only enhance the interaction with PDA, but also make the obvious polarized inbuilt electric field, and lead to Z-scheme structure for effective charge separation and rapid transfer, which is also confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In addition, PDA extends the photoresponse to the near-infrared region and induces obvious photothermal effect to increase the reaction rate of the photocatalytic system. The efficient photothermal conversion of PDA/DCN should be another reason for the enhanced photocatalytic performance.

Hollow Core-Shell potassium Phosphomolybdate@Cadmium Sulfide@Bismuth sulfide Z-Scheme tandem heterojunctions toward optimized Photothermal-Photocatalytic performance.

A hollow core-shell potassium phosphomolybdate (KMoP)@cadmium sulfide (CdS)@bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) Z-scheme tandem heterojunction is fabricated by a simple hydrothermal strategy and kept in a water bath to continue the reaction. At the same time, the ternary structure combined Keggin-type polyoxometalate with two photosensitive sulfide semiconductors to form a stable hollow core-shell heterojunction. KMoP@CdS@Bi2S3 with a narrow band gap of âˆ¼ 1.2 eV also has excellent photothermal performance, which may further promote photocatalytic efficiency. The hollow core-shell KMoP@CdS@Bi2S3 tandem heterojunction shows excellent H2 production performance, CrVI reduction ability and photocatalytic degradation performance of highly toxic tetracycline (TC). Under visible light irradiation, the photocatalytic H2 generation rate of the KMoP@CdS@Bi2S3 tandem heterojunction reaches 831 µmol h-1, which is 103 times higher than that of pristine KMoP. The photocatalytic reduction efficiency of CrVI and degradation efficiency of TC are as high as 95.5 and 97.51%, ∼4 times higher than that of KMoP. The boosted photocatalytic performance can be ascribed to the formation of core-shell Z-scheme tandem heterojunctions favoring spatial charge separation and the narrow band gap, which extends the photoresponse to visible light/NIR regions. When TC and CrVI exist at the same time, the reduction efficiency of CrVI can be as high as 99.64% because the intermediate of TC degradation can promote the reduction of CrVI. In addition, the photocatalytic performance of the KMoP@CdS@Bi2S3 heterojunction remains nearly constant after 4 recycles, which indicates high stability. The design strategy may provide new insights for preparing other high-performance core-shell tandem heterojunction photocatalysts for solar energy conversion.

O, S-Dual-Vacancy Defects Mediated Efficient Charge Separation in ZnIn2S4/Black TiO2 Heterojunction Hollow Spheres for Boosting Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production.

Defective ZnIn2S4 nanosheets/mesoporous black TiO2 heterojunction hollow spheres (H-ZIS/b-TiO2) are prepared through hydrothermal and surface low-temperature hydrogenation strategies, which show broad-spectrum response and excellent charge separation efficiency. This H-ZIS/b-TiO2 flower-like heterojunction hollow spheres with a narrow band gap of ∼1.88 eV expand the light response to visible light and show excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate (278 µmol h-1 50 mg-1) under visible-light irradiation, which is 1.5 times as high as that of ZnIn2S4/black TiO2 heterojunction hollow spheres (ZIS/b-TiO2) (181 µmol h-1 50 mg-1). The excellent photocatalytic performance is due to the formation of O, S dual vacancies in b-TiO2 and H-ZIS providing more active sites for photocatalytic reaction and improving the charge separation efficiency, heterojunctions promoting transport of photogenerated carriers, and the hollow structure increasing light utilization by reflecting light. The novel heterojunction hollow sphere with high performance has broad application prospects in the field of energy.

Loss of longitudinal superiority marks the microarchitecture deterioration of osteoporotic cancellous bones.

Osteoporosis (OP), a skeletal disease making bone mechanically deteriorate and easily fracture, is a global public health issue due to its high prevalence. It has been well recognized that besides bone loss, microarchitecture degradation plays a crucial role in the mechanical deterioration of OP bones, but the specific role of microarchitecture in OP has not been well clarified and quantified from mechanics perspective. Here, we successfully decoupled and identified the specific roles of microarchitecture, bone mass and tissue property in the failure properties of cancellous bones, through µCT-based digital modeling and finite element method simulations on bone samples from healthy and ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic mice. The results show that the microarchitecture of healthy bones exhibits longitudinal superiority in mechanical properties such as the effective stiffness, strength and toughness, which fits them well to bearing loads along their longitudinal direction. OP does not only reduce bone mass but also impair the microarchitecture topology. The former is mainly responsible for the mechanical degradation of bones in magnitude, wherever the latter accounts for the breakdown of their function-favorable anisotropy, the longitudinal superiority. Hence, we identified the microarchitecture-deterioration-induced directional mismatch between material and loading as a hazardous feature of OP and defined a longitudinal superiority index as measurement of the health status of bone microarchitecture. These findings provide useful insights and guidelines for OP diagnosis and treat assessment.