RESUMEN
The effective use of energy from sustainable sources is considered a crucial step on the way to a CO2-neutral economy. Low-grade waste heat (<100 °C) is widely and ubiquitously available, but difficult to convert into electrical energy with current technologies. Here, we demonstrate an electrochemical cell capable of directly converting ambient temperature fluctuations into electricity. Based on intercalation reactions with different entropies, any temperature change leads to a cell voltage and electrical energy can be extracted. The new cell concept features the advantages of thermo-electrochemical cells and pyroelectric-like energy harvesting, which opens a wide range of possibilities for effective and sustainable use of low-grade waste heat.
RESUMEN
Although tin and tin oxides have been considered very promising anode materials for future high-energy lithium-ion batteries due to high theoretical capacity and low cost, the development of commercial anodes falls short of expectations. This is due to several challenging issues related to a massive volume expansion during operation. Nanostructured electrodes can accommodate the volume expansion but typically suffer from cumbersome synthesis routes and associated problems regarding scalability and cost efficiency, preventing their commercialization. Herein, a facile, easily scalable, and highly cost-efficient fabrication route is proposed based on electroplating and subsequent electrolytic oxidation of tin, resulting in additive-free tin oxide anodes for lithium-ion batteries. The electrodes prepared accordingly exhibit excellent performance in terms of gravimetric and volumetric capacity as well as promising cycle life and rate capability, making them suitable for future high-energy lithium-ion batteries.
