Analysis of correlation between the consumption of beverages and the risk of radiographic knee osteoarthritis in Korean people: A cross-sectional study using the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1, 2).

The purposes were to analyze correlations between the frequency of beverage drinking (coffee, green tea, milk, and soft drinks) and the presence of radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) in relation to sex. We performed this study using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KHANES V-1, 2). We examined data from 5503 subjects after exclusion. We utilized the food frequency questionnaires from KHANES, and reorganized them into 2 or 3 groups according to the frequency of beverage consumption. We analyzed the relationship between radiographic knee OA and beverage consumption statistically after adjusting confounding factors with multivariable logistic regression analysis. Knee OA was inversely associated with coffee consumption only in women (P < .05). The odds ratio of knee OA was lower in those who drank at least a cup of coffee than in those who did not drink coffee in women (P for trend < .05). However, there was no significant linear trend of the odds ratio of each group in both sexes for drinking other beverages. As the coffee consumption increased, the radiographic knee OA group showed decreasing linear trend only in women. However, other beverages did not show a significant relation to the radiographic knee OA in both sexes.

Icariin-Functionalized Nanodiamonds to Enhance Osteogenic Capacity In Vitro.

Nanodiamonds (NDs) have been used as drug delivery vehicles due to their low toxicity and biocompatibility. Recently, it has been reported that NDs have also osteogenic differentiation capacity. However, their capacity using NDs alone is not enough. To significantly improve their osteogenic activity, we developed icariin (ICA)-functionalized NDs (ICA-NDs) and evaluated whether ICA-NDs enhance their in vitro osteogenic capacity. Unmodified NDs and ICA-NDs showed nanosized particles that were spherical in shape. The ICA-NDs achieved a prolonged ICA release for up to 4 weeks. The osteogenic capacities of NDs, ICA (10 µg)-NDs, and ICA (50 µg)-NDs were demonstrated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity; calcium content; and mRNA gene levels of osteogenic-related markers, including ALP, runt-related transcript factor 2 (RUNX2), collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1), and osteopontin (OPN). In vitro cell studies revealed that ICA (50 µg)-ND-treated MC3T3-E1 cells greatly increased osteogenic markers, including ALP, calcium content, and mRNA gene levels of osteogenic-related markers, including ALP, RUNX2, COL1A1, and OPN compared to ICA (10 µg)-NDs or ND-treated cells. These our data suggest that ICA-NDs can promote osteogenic capacity.

A Retrospective Comparison of Union Rates After Open Wedge High Tibial Osteotomies With and Without Synthetic Bone Grafts (Hydroxyapatite and ß-tricalciumphosphate) at 2 Years.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical and radiological results of no bone graft (NBG) after opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) with a locking plate and to compare the bone union rate between the synthetic bone graft (SBG) group and the NBG group after OWHTO using serial radiographs. METHODS: From 2012 to 2015, OWHTOs were performed with SBG or without bone graft using long locking plates. Inclusion criteria were: (1) OWHTO for disease of the medial compartment with varus deformity, and (2) minimum 2-year follow-up and radiographs taken serially to 2 years. Exclusion criteria were: (1) follow-up period <2 years (n = 8) or (2) absence of at least 1 radiograph taken at each follow-up point (n = 14). We retrospectively reviewed radiographs taken preoperatively and at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years postoperatively. Groups comprised those filled with a synthetic bone [hydroxyapatite (HA) and ß-tricalciumphosphate (TCP), n=33, SBG group] or without a bone graft (n = 38, NBG group). We compared bone union rate between the 2 groups by measuring the union zone from zone 1 to zone 5 in serial radiographs using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: OWHTO was performed in a total of 93 knees and 71 knees were included in this study. Both groups showed good clinical and radiological results without correction loss at 2 years. The entire NBG group and 93.9% of the SBG group showed union over zone 3 at 2 years. However, the NBG group showed significantly more incorporation than the SBG group at 6 months (P = .006), 1 year (P = .0003), and 2 years (P = .0003). CONCLUSIONS: Union without correction loss was obtained after OWHTO without bone graft. The NBG group showed significantly more incorporation than the SBG group (HA and ß-TCP) within 2 years. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, case series.

Comparison of Clinical Results, Second-Look Arthroscopic Findings, and MRI Findings Between the Transportal and Outside-In Techniques for Double-Bundle Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial With a Minimum 2-Year Follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Although image analysis has shown that the outside-in (OI) technique is associated with different femoral tunnel geometry than the transportal (TP) technique in anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, it is not known whether clinical results differ between the 2 techniques. PURPOSE: To compare clinical results, second-look arthroscopic findings, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings between the TP and OI techniques in anatomic double-bundle (DB) ACL reconstruction. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS: From November 2010 to March 2013, 128 patients were enrolled in this study and were randomly assigned to either the TP group (64 patients) or the OI group (64 patients), and DB ACL reconstructions were performed. At the minimum 2-year follow-up (34.9 ± 10.9 months), 111 patients (86.7%) were evaluated with multiple clinical scores and stability tests (KT-2000 arthrometer, Lachman test, and pivot-shift test). Ninety-three knees were evaluated for graft continuity, graft tension, and synovialization by use of second-look arthroscopy. Seventy-eight knees were evaluated on MRI for graft continuity, femoral graft tunnel healing, and graft signal/noise quotient (SNQ). The primary outcome was KT-2000 arthrometer results. Results were compared between the TP and OI groups. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the 2 groups in terms of KT-2000 arthrometer results, which was the primary outcome, and other clinical results, with the exception of the postoperative functional test of International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) objective score. The ratio of grade A and B on the postoperative functional test of IKDC objective score was significantly larger for the OI group (51/58) than the TP group (36/53) ( P = .005). The second-look arthroscopic findings were not significantly different between the 2 groups in either bundle ( P > .05). In addition, MRI findings did not differ significantly between the 2 groups ( P > .05). CONCLUSION: With the exception of the functional test of IKDC objective score, we found that clinical results, second-look arthroscopic findings, and MRI findings did not differ significantly between the OI and TP techniques for anatomic ACL reconstruction, although femoral tunnel geometries differed significantly between the 2 techniques.

A new screening method for multidirectional shoulder instability on magnetic resonance arthrography: labro-capsular distance.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the capsular dimension as measured on magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) between patients with multidirectional instability (MDI) of the shoulder and control subjects without instability. Ultimately, we aimed to develop an easy and reliable new screening method to assess MDI of the shoulder using MRA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRA images of patients with MDI of the shoulder (n = 25) during a 6-year period (February 2010 to May 2015) were retrospectively reviewed. A control group (n = 26) without instability was also identified. The capsular area was measured using a new screening method we termed labro-capsular (LC) distance. MRA images of the two groups were randomly mixed, and two orthopedic surgeon reviewers recorded anterior, posterior, and inferior LC distance measurements on axial and coronal images using a mid-glenoid cut. RESULTS: The inferior LC distance increased significantly in the patient group versus control group (P < 0.001), but there were no statistically significant differences in the anterior (P = 0.1165) and posterior (P = 0.5229) LC distances. An inferior LC distance >16.88 mm is most suggestive of MDI of the shoulder because of its high sensitivity (76 %) and specificity (96 %). CONCLUSION: The inferior LC distance can be easily and quickly measured and used as an effective clinical screening method for atraumatic MDI of the shoulder.