A Multi-Criteria Framework for Identification of Gully Developmental Stages Based on UAV Data-A Case Study in Yuanmou County, Yunnan Province, SW China.

Gully erosion is a common form of soil erosion in dry-hot valleys, and it often brings serious land degradation. A multi-criteria method integrating the characteristics of the longitudinal profile (LP), the cross profile (CP) and the knickpoints of gullies was applied to identify the development stage of gullies in Yuanmou County, Yunnan Province, in southwestern China. Firstly, based on the high-resolution data sources produced by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), 50 gullies were selected as the typical ones in Tutujiliangzi and Shadi village. The LPs were extracted, and their morphological indices, information entropy and fitting functions were calculated. The morphological characteristics of the CPs and the presence or absence of knickpoints were recorded. The results show that the period of the gullies in Tutujiliangzi and Shadi is dominated by the deep incision period and the equilibrium adjustment period, which means that most gullies are in the period of the severe erosion stage. Among the gullies, 13 LPs' morphological index is between 0.636 and 0.933, and the morphology of the LP presents an upward convex shape; the cross profiles are mainly V-shaped and U-shaped. Thirty-two LPs' morphological index is between 1.005~2.384, which presents a slightly concave shape; the cross profiles are mainly repeated U-shapes. The remaining five LPs have a morphological index of 0.592, 0.462, 1.061, 1.344 and 0.888, respectively; the LPs of upstream and downstream are different. The LPs of the Tutujiliangzi gullies are nearly straight lines and slightly concave, while those of the Shadi village gullies are convex and nearly straight lines. The knickpoints and step-pools in Shadi village are more developed, while the gullies in Tutujiliangzi develop more rapidly. This study shows that in counties with similar conditions, these conditions such as temperature and precipitation, local topographic changes, soil properties and vegetation conditions have obvious effects on the development of gullies.

Malignant meningioma with jugular vein invasion and carotid artery extension: A case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Grade II and III meningiomas [World Health Organization (WHO) classification] rarely have extracranial metastases via the blood circulation; however, we experienced a case with a metaplastic atypical meningioma and local de-differentiation that metastasized to the jugular vein, carotid artery and subclavian artery at the cervicothoracic junction. Such cases have seldom been reported before. CASE SUMMARY: The patient was a 30-year-old man who developed right neck masses with dysphagia, labored breathing, dizziness, and occasional earaches. Eight months earlier the patient was diagnosed with a right parietal lobe neoplasm and hemorrhage at a local hospital due to the sudden onset of headaches and left limb weakness, and the post-operative pathology was a metaplastic atypical meningioma (WHO grade II) with local de-differentiation (WHO III). Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a calcified mass at the root of the neck on the right and a large cystic mass in the right parapharyngeal space. Head and neck angiography showed that the right common carotid artery was compressed and completely occluded, and the jugular vein was enveloped by the tumor and occluded. A balloon occlusion test showed no perfusion in the right common carotid artery. Tumor resection, carotid artery ligation, and subclavian artery reconstruction were performed. The tumor was a malignant meningioma. Post-operatively, the patient had Horner's syndrome and hoarseness. CONCLUSION: This case highlights the importance of the link between a large cervical mass and a primary intracranial tumor. Malignant meningioma should not be considered merely as an intracranial metastasis spread through cerebrospinal fluid, it can also be transferred through the circulation to the parapharyngeal space and the cervical great vessels.

[Preparation and identification of OmpW monoclonal antibodies].

AIM: To prepare and characterize the mouse monoclonal antibodies against Vibrio parahaemolyticus OmpW. METHODS: The OmpW amino acid sequence from three diseased Vibrio was analyzed by Bioinformatics. Mice were immunized with r-OmpW which was highly expressed and purified in E.coli. Five Vibrio(Va, Vp, Vh, Vv, Van) were chosen as antigen for mAb selection.The characters of the anti-OmpW monoclonal antibodies were studied by Western blot, Flow Cytometry, indirect immunofluorescence. RESULTS: OmpW was testified a highly conservative membrane protein.Three clones of anti-OmpW mAb was obtained. The Ig subclass of the mAb secreted from fused cell S5C10 was IgG3, which of the titer was 4.6×10(4);. The mAb could specifically recognize Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio vulnificus, which could not react with Pseudomonas flurosecens, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas sobria, Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli. CONCLUSION: The mAb could specially recognize five diseased Vibrio, which is a useful tool for the further study of the diagnosis of Vibrio.