Tailoring Oxygen Reduction Reaction on M-N-C Catalysts via Axial Coordination Engineering.

The development of fuel cells and metal-air batteries is an important link in realizing a sustainable energy supply and a green environment for the future. Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the core reaction of such energy conversion devices. M-N-C catalysts exhibit encouraging ORR catalytic activity and are the most promising candidates for replacing Pt/C. The electrocatalytic performance of M-N-C catalysts is intimately related to the specific metal species and the coordination environment of the central metal atom. Axial coordination engineering presents an avenue for the development of highly active ORR catalysts and has seen considerable progress over the past decade. Nevertheless, the accurate control over the coordination environment and electronic structure of M-N-C catalysts at the atomic scale poses a big challenge. Herein, the diverse axial ligands, characterization techniques, and modulation mechanisms for axial coordination engineering are encompassed and discussed. Furthermore, some pressing matters to be solved and challenges that deserve to be explored and investigated in the future for axial coordination engineering are proposed.

A novel approach to produce soy protein isolate: Direct enzymatic hydrolysis of high-temperature soybean meal using proteinase produced by microbial solid-state fermentation.

This study proposed a novel extraction method for soy protein isolate, which involved solid-state fermentation of high-temperature soybean meal. The proteinases secreted by microorganisms acted on the high-temperature soybean meal, making the SPI easier to extract. The study concludes that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum CICC 10265 could be used for solid-state fermentation of soybean meal, and the fermentation effect was good, with a yield of 41.91 % for SPI. Compared to the direct extraction of SPI from high-temperature soybean meal, the yield had increased by 130.19 %. Meanwhile, we also conducted research on the losses during the SPI extraction process. Through experiments, the study identified the patterns of protease activity changes and microbial colony growth during solid-state fermentation of soybean meal by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum CICC 10265. It was concluded that extracting SPI after 8 h of fermentation is more suitable. The experimental results indicated that the total amino acid content of SPI extracted from fermented soybean meal was 2.1 % higher compared to SPI extracted from low-temperature soybean meal. The extracted SPI also met the microbial standards.

Molecular analysis of Anaplasma ovis, Theileria ovis and Brucella abortus in adult Ornithodoros lahorensis soft ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae) isolated from the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.

Introduction: Ticks are obligate blood-feeding arthropods that cause significant economic losses in domestic animal husbandry and threaten public health. However, information about soft ticks (Acari: Argasidae) and tick-borne pathogens in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) of China is scarce. Material and Methods: In this study, PCR assays and gene sequencing were used to detect and analyse the epidemiological features of Anaplasma ovis, Theileria ovis and Brucella abortus parasitic infections in 366 Ornithodoros lahorensis soft ticks collected from five sampling sites in the XUAR from October 2019 to March 2022. The ticks were identified by morphological and molecular methods as O. lahorensis. The PCR was conducted using primers complementary to the major surface protein 4 (Msp4) gene of A. ovis, the 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) of T. ovis and the outer membrane protein 22 (Omp22) gene of B. abortus. Results: The overall infection rate was 91/366 (24.9%) for A. ovis, 127/366 (34.7%) for T. ovis and 94/366 (25.6%) for B. abortus. Sequencing analysis indicated that A. ovis Msp4, T. ovis 18S rRNA and B. abortus Omp22 genes from XUAR isolates showed 99.58-100% identity with documented isolates from other countries. Conclusion: This study provides fundamental evidence for the occurrence of A. ovis, T. ovis and B. abortus in O. lahorensis. Therefore, the potential threat of soft ticks to livestock and humans should not be ignored. This study expands the understanding of the existence of tick-borne pathogens in O. lahorensis and is expected to improve the strategies for prevention and control of ticks and tick-borne diseases in China.

Addressing the implementation challenge of risk prediction model due to missing risk factors: The submodel approximation approach.

Clinical prediction models have been widely acknowledged as informative tools providing evidence-based support for clinical decision making. However, prediction models are often underused in clinical practice due to many reasons including missing information upon real-time risk calculation in electronic health records (EHR) system. Existing literature to address this challenge focuses on statistical comparison of various approaches while overlooking the feasibility of their implementation in EHR. In this article, we propose a novel and feasible submodel approach to address this challenge for prediction models developed using the model approximation (also termed "preconditioning") method. The proposed submodel coefficients are equivalent to the corresponding original prediction model coefficients plus a correction factor. Comprehensive simulations were conducted to assess the performance of the proposed method and compared with the existing "one-step-sweep" approach as well as the imputation approach. In general, the simulation results show the preconditioning-based submodel approach is robust to various heterogeneity scenarios and is comparable to the imputation-based approach, while the "one-step-sweep" approach is less robust under certain heterogeneity scenarios. The proposed method was applied to facilitate real-time implementation of a prediction model to identify emergency department patients with acute heart failure who can be safely discharged home.

Late Subcutaneous Infection Caused by Serratia marcescens Following Hyaluronic Acid Injection: A Case Report and Systemic Review.

BACKGROUND: The field of cosmetic filler injection has experienced rapid development over the past two decades, especially in facial augmentation utilizing hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers. Gram-negative bacteria are found to be the main pathogens of infective nodules after HA injection. The occurrence of cutaneous infections attributed to Serratia marcescens is exceedingly rare and predominantly noted in patients with compromised immune systems. AIMS: To summarize the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of subcutaneous infection caused by Serratia marcescens following hyaluronic acid injection. PATIENTS/METHODS: A rare case of cutaneous Serratia marcescens infection following hyaluronic acid injection was presented. A comprehensive review of the published literature describing the management of skin infection caused by S. marcescens in immunocompetent patients was then conducted, which encompassed three case series and eight case reports published between 1999 and 2017. Data extraction included information on authors, gender, age, signs and symptoms, previous treatment, corresponding management strategies, and follow-up duration. RESULTS: Serratia marcescens were isolated in abscesses (n = 6, 35.29%), painful nodules (n = 2, 11.76%), ulcers (n = 6, 35.29%), and others (n = 3, 17.65%). In cases providing salvage plans (n = 11), quinolones were shown to be the most effective antibiotics for salvage, with eight full recoveries (72.73%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was the second most useful antibiotic (18.18%). CONCLUSIONS: With the help of pathogen examination and drug-sensitive tests, sensitive aminoglycosides, quinolone (especially moxifloxacin), or TMP-SMX for at least 2 weeks can be considered as the first-line treatment of late subcutaneous infection caused by Serratia marcescens following hyaluronic acid injection.

Intratumoral calcification on CT assists in distinguishing benign and malignant upper abdomen neoplasm.

BACKGROUND: The significance of calcification and microcalcification in diagnosing malignant tumors is well established, but their role in the upper abdomen is less explored in routine radiology. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of computed tomography (CT) imaging in detecting intratumoral calcification within upper abdominal tumors. METHODS: This study retrospectively enrolled patients with upper abdominal tumors featuring intratumoral calcifications who underwent plain and contrast-enhanced CT scans between January 2016 and December 2019. We examined the imaging characteristics of calcifications, including location, edges, shape, CT values, and association with necrosis. The diagnostic utility of calcification for distinguishing benign and malignant tumors was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent predictive factors for the diagnosis of malignancy characterized by intratumoral calcification. RESULTS: This study included 153 patients (median age 49 ± 21 years; 83 men) with pathologically confirmed tumors of the upper abdomen (including liver, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract) with intratumoral calcifications. Significant differences in CT values between benign and malignant tumors were observed (P < .001), with high diagnostic accuracy of calcification in CT imaging (receiver operating characteristic area = 0.884, sensitivity = 0.815, specificity = 0.976). The characteristics of calcification, including its edge and shape, were significantly correlated with tumor differentiation (P < .01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of adjacent necrosis around intracalcification is an independent predictor of malignancy (odds ratio = 5.48; 95% confidence interval: 1.55, 19.41; P = .008). CONCLUSION: Intratumoral calcification in CT imaging is a key marker for distinguishing between benign and malignant epigastric tumors, offering high specificity. Key message • What is already known on this topic - Intratumoral calcification, as a highly sensitive radiological marker, has shown potential in differentiating between benign and malignant tumors in thyroid and breast cancers. However, its discriminatory role in upper abdominal tumors is often overlooked. Therefore, assessing the diagnostic accuracy of intratumoral calcification on CT scans is crucial for improving diagnostic efficiency and avoiding unnecessary examinations. • What this study adds - Intratumoral calcification on CT exhibits high specificity in differentiating between benign and malignant upper abdominal tumors, providing a simple and reliable criterion for improving diagnostic accuracy. • How this study might affect research, practice or policy - This study highlights the significance of intratumoral calcification characteristics observed on CT in determining whether upper abdominal tumors are benign or malignant. The findings could pave the way for the development of a CT-based calcification scoring system, which would facilitate rapid and accurate diagnostics in clinical practice, thereby optimizing treatment strategies and enhancing patient prognosis.

Analysis of the Relationship Between Primary Tumor Site and Clinicopathological Characteristics and Survival Prognosis of Breast Cancer Patients Based on SEER Database.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyze the association between the primary tumor site and clinicopathological characteristics and survival prognosis of breast cancer (BC) patients using a large population database. METHODS: BC patients screened in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were categorized into 6 groups based on primary sites. Descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier curves, Cox regression models, forest plots were used to assess the effect of primary sites on overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS). Multivariate Cox proportional analyses were conducted to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and adjusted subgroups' hazard ratios (AHRs). Nomograms were utilized to predict OS and BCSS. RESULTS: Among 193,043 BC patients, the highest incidence was found in the upper outer quadrant (52.60%). Central portion patients are associated with more clinical features indicating a poor prognosis, and had worse OS and BCSS than other sites. Univariate and multifactorial Cox analyses showed associations between OS/BCSS and various factors. Subgroup analyses revealed differences in OS and BCSS between central portion and upper outer quadrant varied among age, T and N stage. The nomogram was established to predict the survival of central portion BC patients. CONCLUSIONS: Primary tumor site is associated with clinicopathological features and prognosis of BC, may be influenced by age at diagnosis and T and N stage. Central portion BC patients have worse prognosis due to older age at diagnosis, higher T stage and higher likelihood of lymph node metastasis. Early diagnosis and treatment may help to improve survival of central portion BC.

Impact of Urban-Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance integration on individual social fairness perceptions: evidence from rural China.

Background: Achieving universal health insurance coverage has become a fundamental policy for improving the accessibility and equity of healthcare services. China's Urban-Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance (URRBMI) is a crucial component of the social security system, aimed at promoting social equity and enhancing public welfare. However, the effectiveness of this policy in improving rural residents' social fairness perceptions (SFP) remains to be tested. Objective: To examine the impact of the urban-rural resident basic medical insurance (URRBMI) on rural residents' social fairness perception (SFP) in China. Methods and samples: The study utilizes city-level and national micro-survey (CGSS) datasets, applying a time-varying difference-in-difference (DID) approach to analyze the equity effects of URRBMI. Excluding urban samples, the final dataset consists of 20,800 rural respondents from 2010, 2011, 2013, and 2015, covering 89 cities. Results: Key findings reveal that URRBMI has a significant negative effect on SFP. The impact varies depending on the integration model and intensifies over time. Additionally, the negative effect shows heterogeneity based on income, age, health, and region. Conclusion: This study highlights the complexities and impacts of integrating China's urban and rural healthcare systems. It provides a detailed understanding of the role of URRBMI in rural China, emphasizing the need for targeted approaches to improve rural residents' perceptions of social fairness. The research offers specific policy recommendations, such as establishing differentiated contribution standards, implementing welfare policies favoring rural residents, and adopting varied reimbursement rates for different diseases.

Extraction and immunomodulatory effects of acid Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. Polysaccharide on chickens.

Herbal polysaccharides are extensively studied as vaccine adjuvants due to their safety and potent immunoenhancing activity. This study aimed to analyze the structure of Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl polysaccharide (LSP50) and investigate its adjuvant activity for the H9N2 vaccine in broiler chickens. Structural analysis revealed that LSP50 primarily consisted of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, and galactose with molar ratios of 23.12: 12.28: 10.87: 8.26: 2.64: 22.82 respectively. The adjuvant activity of LSP50 was evaluated, which showing significant enhancements compared to the H9N2 group. Parameters including the immune organ index, H9N2 specific IgG level, cytokines contents (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-5), and the proportion of CD3e+CD8aT+cells were significantly increased in the LSP50 group (P < 0.05). Additionally, sequencing results showed that LSP50 modulates the immune response by regulating PLA2G12B and PTGDS genes involved in the arachidonic acid pathway. These findings were further validated through qPCR analysis to affirm the reliability of the sequencing data. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that LSP50 exhibits potent adjuvant activity, enhancing both cellular and humoral immunity.

Assessing the efficacy of natural soil biotin on soil quality, microbial diversity, and Rhododendron simsii growth for sustainable landscape architecture.

Fertilization significantly influences soil quality and its sustainable use in urban garden maintenance. The widespread application of inorganic fertilizers has raised ecological concerns due to their potential environmental impacts. Organic fertilizers, while beneficial, often have slow effects and are costly. Biofertilizers, with their eco-friendly nature and low carbon footprint, are gaining attention for their multifaceted role in supporting plant growth. Despite the focus on fruit trees, vegetables, and medicinal plants, ornamental plants have been understudied. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a novel microbial fertilizer, 'natural soil biotin', on Rhododendron plants, specifically the Azalea hybrid 'Carnation'. The study employed a comparative approach to assess the impact of different fertilization strategies on soil properties, microbial diversity, enzyme activity, plant morphology, and physiological parameters. The application of 'natural soil biotin' was compared with the use of inorganic and organic fertilizers. The combined application of 'natural soil biotin' was found to effectively enhance soil properties and mitigate the impact of other fertilizers on soil pH. It also improved the relative abundance of beneficial microbial groups such as Proteobacteria, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota. Furthermore, the mixed application significantly increased the activities of urease and sucrase in Rhododendron plants, which promoted their growth, development, and stress resistance. The results indicate that the mixed application of 'natural soil biotin' with inorganic and organic fertilizers not only improved the soil quality but also enhanced the efficiency of fertilizer utilization. This approach led to increased economic and environmental benefits in Rhododendron cultivation. The findings contribute to the foundation for soil improvement and ecological restoration, suggesting that 'natural soil biotin' could be a promising alternative or supplement to traditional fertilization methods in sustainable landscape architecture.

Mitigation of Deoxynivalenol (DON)- and Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-Induced Immune Dysfunction and Apoptosis in Mouse Spleen by Curcumin.

In the context of the potential immunomodulatory properties of curcumin in counteracting the detrimental effects of concurrent exposure to Deoxynivalenol (DON) and Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a comprehensive 28-days trial was conducted utilizing 60 randomly allocated mice divided into four groups. Administration of curcumin at a dosage of 5 mg/kg body weight in conjunction with DON at 0.1 mg/kg and AFB1 at 0.01 mg/kg body weight was undertaken to assess its efficacy. Results indicated that curcumin intervention demonstrated mitigation of splenic structural damage, augmentation of serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, elevation in T lymphocyte subset levels, and enhancement in the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-6. Furthermore, curcumin exhibited a suppressive effect on apoptosis in mice, as evidenced by decreased activity of caspase-3 and caspase-9, reduced expression levels of pro-apoptotic markers Bax and Cytochrome-c (Cyt-c) at both the protein and mRNA levels, and the maintenance of a balanced expression ratio of mitochondrial apoptotic regulators Bax and Bcl-2. Collectively, these findings offer novel insights into the therapeutic promise of curcumin in mitigating immunosuppression and apoptotic events triggered by mycotoxin co-exposure.

Development of bioassay platforms for biopharmaceuticals using Jurkat-CAR cells by AICD.

The assessment of bioactivity for therapeutic antibody release assay poses challenges, particularly when targeting immune checkpoints. An in vitro bioassay platform was developed using the chimeric antigen receptor on Jurkat cells (Jurkat-CAR) to analyze antibodies targeting immune checkpoints, such as CD47/SIRPα, VEGF/VEGFR1, PD-1/PD-L1, and CD70/CD27. For CD47/SIRPα, the platform involved a Jurkat-CAR cell line expressing the chimeric SIRPα receptor (CarSIRPα). CarSIRPα was created by sequentially fusing the SIRPα extracellular region with the CD8α hinge region, the transmembrane (TM) and intracellular (IC) domains of CD28, and the intracellular signaling domain of CD3ζ. The resulting Jurkat-CarSIRPα cells can undergo "activation-induced cell death (AICD)" upon incubation with purified or cellular CD47, as evidenced by the upregulation of CD69, IL-2, and IFN-γ. Similar results also appeared in Jurkat CarVEGFR1, Jurkat CarPD1 and Jurkat CARCD27 cells. These cells are perfectly utilized for the bioactivity analysis of therapeutic antibody. Our study indicates that the established in vitro assay platform based on Jurkat-CAR has been confirmed repeatedly and has shown robust reproducibility; thus, this platform can be used for screening or for release assays of given antibody drugs targeting immune checkpoints.

A sandwich-type photoelectrochemical biosensor based on anthocyanin-sensitized ZnO/P5FIn heterojunction for the sensitive detection of CYFRA21-1.

. A sandwich-type photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensor based on a ZnO/poly(5-formylindole) (P5FIn)/anthocyanin heterostructure was developed to achieve sensitive background-free detection of the tumor marker CYFRA21-1. ZnO with good photovoltaic properties is combined with narrow bandgap P5FIn to form a p-n type heterojunction. This structure reduces the electron-hole pair recombination, thereby enhancing the photocurrent response of the composite. Anthocyanidins are environmentally friendly natural compounds with excellent antioxidant, redox properties, and remarkable electrochemical activity. After sensitization by anthocyanins, the absorption and utilization of visible light in the composites are enhanced, further improving the PEC luminescence efficiency of the materials. Additionally, boron nitride quantum dots (BN QDs) are combined with Ab2 via polydopamine (PDA) as a secondary antibody marker, enhancing its sensitivity. The biosensor exhibited a linear detection range of 0.001-100 ng mL-1 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.00033 ng mL-1. Furthermore, this biosensor demonstrates excellent selectivity, reproducibility, and stability, as well as successful results in analyzing actual human serum samples. This approach provides a feasible method for tumor marker detection.

Engineering regioselectivity of glycosyltransferase for efficient polydatin synthesis.

Resveratrol is a promising functional ingredient applied in food products. However, low bioavailability and poor water solubility, which can be improved by glycosylation, hinder its application. A uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferase (UGT) from Bacillus subtilis 168 (named UGTBS) presents potential application for resveratrol glycosylation; nonetheless, imprecise regioselectivity renders the synthesis of resveratrol-3-O-ß-D-glucoside (polydatin) difficult. Therefore, molecular evolution was applied to UGTBS. A triple mutant Y14I/I62G/M315W was developed for 3-OH glycosylation of resveratrol and polydatin accounted for 91% of the total product. Kinetic determination and molecular docking indicated that the enhancement of hydrogen bond interaction and altered conformation of the binding pocket increases the enzyme's affinity for the 3-OH group, stabilizing the enzyme-substrate intermediate and promoting polydatin formation. Furthermore, a fed-batch cascade reaction by periodic addition of resveratrol was conducted and nearly 20 mM polydatin was obtained. The mutant Y14I/I62G/M315W can be used for polydatin manufacture.

Bioinformatic analysis of differentially expressed genes in lung cancer bone metastasis and their implications for disease progression in lung cancer patients.

Background: Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Moreover, it is highly susceptible to distant metastasis, which is the main cause of pain in advanced lung cancer, and frequently occurs in the bone. This study aimed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to metastatic bone disease in lung cancer using bioinformatics methods and to analyze the risk factors influencing the incidence of secondary bone metastasis in lung cancer. Methods: Gene expression profiles from the GSE175601 and GSE10799 datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were analyzed to screen for the DEGs associated with lung cancer bone metastasis. The STRING database was used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and the MCODE plugin was used to identify the key genes. The expression of these important genes in lung tumor tissues and their correlation with prognosis were validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. An examination of clinical data from patients diagnosed with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma treated at the Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital was conducted. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of key genes in lung cancer tumor tissues. A binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the interactions in the expression of critical genes associated with bone metastasis in lung carcinoma patients. Results: In total, 59 DEGs were identified in the GSE175601 and GSE10799 datasets through Venn diagram construction. The PPI network analysis revealed two significant modules and eight candidate genes (LAPTM5, LCP2, CD53, ARHGAP25, C1QA, DES, MYH11, and VIM). According to TCGA database analysis, in carcinogenic tissues of the lung, the expression of these eight critical genes is downregulated. Further, only the lung cancer patients who had high expressions of ARHGAP25 had an improved progress-free interval (PFI) (P<0.05), disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS). Of the 49 with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma patients included in the study, 27 (55.10%) developed bone metastasis. The immunohistochemical (IHC) results indicated that the expression score of ARHGAP25 was significantly lower in the group with bone metastasis (3.93±2.95) than the group without bone metastasis (6.64±3.62) (P=0.006). The proportion of patients with low ARHGAP25 expression was significantly higher in the group with bone metastasis (70.37%, 19/27) than the group without bone metastasis (31.82%, 7/22) (P=0.007). The binary logistic regression analysis identified serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and ARHGAP25 expression levels as independent risk factors for the occurrence of secondary bone metastatic disease in lung carcinoma patients. Conclusions: The key gene ARHGAP25 identified through bioinformatics for lung cancer bone metastasis was significantly downregulated. Its low expression constitutes an independent risk factor for secondary bone metastatic disease in patients with lung carcinoma.

Industry Image Classification Based on Stochastic Configuration Networks and Multi-Scale Feature Analysis.

For industry image data, this paper proposes an image classification method based on stochastic configuration networks and multi-scale feature extraction. The multi-scale features are extracted from images of different scales using deep 2DSCN, and the hidden features of multiple layers are also connected together to obtain more informational features. The integrated features are fed into SCNs to learn a classifier which improves the recognition rate for different categories. In the experiments, a handwritten digit database and an industry hot-rolled steel strip database are used, and the comparison results demonstrate the proposed method can effectively improve the classification accuracy.

Keys to successful laparoscopic adhesiolysis for adhesive small bowel obstruction: A scoping review.

Background: Adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) is a common acute abdominal complication. Although non-surgical treatment is the primary treatment approach, more and more studies show that surgical treatment can reduce the incidence rate. Laparoscopic adhesiolysis (LA) has many advantages of minimally invasive surgery.But not all patients with ASBO are suitable for LA. Objective: The aim of this scoping review was to summarize the keys to successful LA by analyzing the extensive literature. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed for articles on laparoscopic treatment of ASBO published between January 2000 and February 2024. This scoping review followed the framework suggested by Arksey and O'Malley for a scoping review. Results: By analyzing the included studies we found that LA does have many advantages and can be performed safely. However, the prerequisite is to select patients with simple adhesions whenever possible and to focus on reasonable intraoperative measures. To improve the success rate of LA, we summarized the following characteristics of patients: no contraindications related to pneumoperitoneum, few previous abdominal operations (≤2), no pregnancy, bowel dilatation < 4 cm in diameter, simple adhesions, no diffuse peritonitis, no history of abdominal radiotherapy, <24 h of ASBO, limited previous abdominal surgery (appendix, cholecystectomy), no bowel strangulation ischemia, and bowel necrosis or bowel resection required for other reasons. In addition, we also summarized reasonable intraoperative measures. Conclusions: Laparoscopic adhesiolysis has many advantages.Specific patients can benefit from LA. This scoping review Summarized the conditions for patient screening and reasonable intraoperative measures with the aim of providing a reference for surgeons, thereby ensuring that more patients benefit from LA.

Evaluation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for clinical T1 triple-negative breast cancer.

The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and its benefits in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and small tumors are unclear. This study aims to compare survival differences between clinical T1 TNBC receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and adjuvant chemotherapy (AC). Data for patients with clinical T1 TNBC were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Patients were categorized according to whether they received chemotherapy before or after surgery. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was used to minimize the influence of confounding factors. OS and BCSS were compared between the two treatment sequences using Kaplan-Meier and univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. The study included 6249 women with T1 TNBC. In multivariate analysis, compared with that in the AC group, the hazard ratio for death in the NAC group was 1.54 (95% confidence interval 1.26-1.89, p < 0.001). NAC offers no additional benefits in any age group or T, N subgroups. Our findings suggest that NAC does not provide additional benefit to patients with clinical T1 TNBC, even in the presence of lymph node metastasis, or T1c.

Nickel-catalysed reductive C-N bond cross-coupling between aryl halides and N-chloroamides.

A method for the direct synthesis of N-aryl lactams and amides with aryl halides and N-chloroamides through a Ni-catalyzed reductive C-N coupling reaction has been developed. The reaction features the advantages of mild conditions, good functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope including drug-derived substrates, and also provided direct access to the key synthetic intermediates for some bioactive molecules, suggesting the practicability of this method. Finally, DFT calculations were performed to shed further light on the reaction mechanism and it was found that an amidyl radical might be involved.

Two cases of Leukemoid reaction in premature infants caused by fetal inflammatory response syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) is a systemic inflammatory response caused by the activation of the fetal immune system. The serological diagnostic criterion for fetal inflammatory response syndrome is a cord blood interleukin-6 concentration that exceeds 11 pg/mL, while pathologic evidence indicates the presence of funisitis or chorionic vasculitis. It can affect all systems of the fetus. Alterations in patients' hematopoietic system are primarily reflected by changes in peripheral blood leukocyte and neutrophil counts. CASE PRESENTATION: We performed placental pathology to identify FIRS and showed two cases of neonatal leukemoid reaction caused by FIRS. These two babies' alterations in hematopoietic system resolves spontaneously with the inflammation relief, without specific interventions. During the 16­month and14- month follow­up period, their motor and intellectual development was normal. CONCLUSIONS: . Neonatal leukemoid reaction is a reactive disease characterized by abnormal blood parameters similar to those of leukemia, but not leukemia. It is an aberrant hematopoietic response that typically resolves spontaneously with cause relief without requiring specific interventions.