RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To provide basis of reference values for relevant parameters of Chinese Reference Man. METHODS: Eighteen kinds of major organ or tissue samples, including muscle, rib, liver, and so on, were obtained from 4 areas (Hebei, Shanxi, Jiangsu, and Sichuan provinces) with different dietary patterns in China in autopsy of 16 healthy adult men, who had just encountered sudden deaths. At the same time, whole blood samples were collected from 10 volunteers living in each of these areas. The concentrations of 56 elements in these samples were detected by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES), and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GF-AAS) techniques. Based on obtained concentrations and reference values of these organ or tissue weights for Chinese Reference Man, the relative elemental burdens in these organs or tissues as well whole body were also estimated. RESULTS: The concentrations of 56 elements in 18 main organs or tissues were determined all together and their elemental organ or tissue and whole body burdens were estimated. Furthermore, the distributions of important elements for radiation protection in these organs or tissues were emphatically discussed. CONCLUSION: By summing with past related results, the total results obtained from the series of research may provide more reliable and better representative basis of these reference values for Chinese Reference Man than before.
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Elementos Químicos , Hígado/química , Pulmón/química , Adulto , Análisis Químico de la Sangre , Carga Corporal (Radioterapia) , China , Humanos , Masculino , Valores de ReferenciaRESUMEN
The research studied the influence of matrix effect on the determination of lead concentration and isotope ratio through simulating blood matrix, and its correction by common analyte internal standardization (CAIS) method. The experiment results showed that CAIS method was suitable for the multi-element-matrix. The relative errors between the determined and the true concentration values are 20% (without correction), 8% (by conventional internal reference correction) and 2% (by CAIS correction), respectively. Otherwise, the influence of matrix effect and its correction for isotope ratio determination are not that obvious. Similarity of the mass number and properties between internal reference and analyte elements seems not important for CAIS correction, since very close correction results were obtained by using Tl and Dy as internal reference elements. Besides, correction results are not affected by different matrix dilution. Reliability and practicality of CAIS were proved by bovine blood standard material determination.
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Plomo/sangre , Plomo/normas , Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Animales , Calibración , Bovinos , Humanos , Isótopos/sangre , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
A method for determining 55 elements in human lung tissue was developed. Mixed acid (HNO3:HCl04) was added into samples, which were digested at room temperature over night, then heated at 180 degrees C. Arsenic and selenium in lung tissue were determined by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS), potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium were determined by atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS), while the rest of forty-eight elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. Reference materials of GBW(E)080193 bovine hepar and GBWO9101 human hair were analyzed by the described method. The measured element values in two reference materials accorded with their reference values. The recovery rates for most of the studied elements were 90%-110%. The precisions of the method were 1.7%-10.0%. The concentrations of seventeen elements in the carcinomatous tissues were remarkably different from those in the pericarcinomatous tissues. The method is rapid, simple and accurate.
Asunto(s)
Elementos Químicos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/química , Espectrofotometría Atómica , Animales , Bovinos , Humanos , Espectrometría de Masas , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To make an attempt at the multi-element speciation in the Chinese medicinal herbs by determining the concentrations of 25 elements in different extraction solutions. METHOD: Firstly, five Chinese medicinal herbs (Buddleja officinalis, Dictamnus dasycarpus, Myristica fragrans, Albizia judibrissin and Inula japonica) from the same region of China were treated to obtain water-soluble phase, lipid-soluble phase and non-soluble phase by water extraction, organic solvent extraction and acid digestion, respectively. Secondly, Phytolacca acinosa, a Chinese medicinal herb collected from 9 regions of China, was extracted by 0% EtOH, 50% EtOH, 75% EtOH, 95% EtOH, respectively, referring the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Finally, the concentrations of 25 elements, such as Be, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ge, Sr, Y, Mo, Cd, Tl, Pb and REEs, in the above three phases were determined by ICP-MS. RESULT: Under the optimal conditions, all the 25 elements could be determined with detection limits ranged from 0.003 to 0.71 ng x g(-1). The average recoveries of the elements in P. acinosa were 88% approximately 119%, with the relative standard deviations 1.7% approximately 13.3%. It was observed that the determined 25 elements distributed in all the water-soluble, lipid-soluble and non-soluble phases, indicating that the inorganic species, organicspecies, as well as the protein bound species were coexisted in the herbs. Big differences of the element extraction rates could be found by using different ethanol solutions. CONCLUSION: With the aid of the obtained results, we may increase the extraction of necessary elements while decrease that of the toxic elements from the herbs by choosing a suitable solvent during the drug production.
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Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Metales Pesados/análisis , Phytolacca/química , Plantas Medicinales/química , Oligoelementos/análisis , Buddleja/química , Cadmio/análisis , Cobre/análisis , Dictamnus/química , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/aislamiento & purificación , Ecosistema , Plomo/análisis , Molibdeno/análisis , Myristica/química , Solventes/química , Zinc/análisisRESUMEN
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential effect of environmental exposure to cadmium on pregnancy outcome and fetal growth. Normal pregnant women were selected from Da-ye city of Hubei province, a cadmium-polluted area, from November 2002 through January 2003. Whole blood of pregnant women, cord blood, and placenta were collected and cadmium levels were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission mass spectroscopy. Incidence rate of preterm labor (gestational age < or = 37 weeks) and neonatal asphyxia, neonatal birth height, and birth weight were compared between lower and higher cadmium exposure level groups. Whole blood cadmium of 44 mothers ranged from 0.80 to 25.20 microg/L. Cadmium concentration in maternal blood was significantly higher than that in cord blood (t = 11.44, P < 0.01). Placenta cadmium ranged from 0.084 to 3.97 microg/g dry weight. After adjustment for maternal age, history of gestation, abortion and lactation, Logistic regression analysis showed that there was no significant association between cadmium exposure levels and pregnancy outcome (premature labor or neonatal asphyxia). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that, cord blood cadmium level, but not maternal blood cadmium and placenta cadmium, was significantly negatively associated with neonatal birth height (t= -2.33, P < 0.05). Compared with lower cord blood cadmium level (< or = 0.40 microg/L), higher level of cord blood cadmium (>0.40 microg/L) was associated with 2.24cm decrease in neonatal birth height. There was no significant association between cadmium exposure and birth weight. It was concluded that environmental exposure to cadmium significantly lower neonatal birth height.
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Peso al Nacer , Intoxicación por Cadmio , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Contaminantes Ambientales/envenenamiento , Desarrollo Fetal/efectos de los fármacos , Resultado del Embarazo , Adulto , Cadmio/sangre , China , Contaminantes Ambientales/sangre , Femenino , Sangre Fetal/química , Retardo del Crecimiento Fetal/etiología , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , EmbarazoRESUMEN
This paper studied the trace elements Cs, Th and U in ten kinds of human autopsy tissues by ICP-MS. The instrumental operating conditions were optimized for the measurement of Cs, Th and U. Rhodium (Rh) was used as an internal standard element to compensate matrix effect. Detection limits for Th, U and Cs were 5.7-17.8 pg x mL(-1). The recoveries for spiking liver samples were 96%-107%, and their RSDs were 4.8%-8.9%. Reference materials of NIST SRM 8414 Bovine and NIST SRM 1486 Bone Meal were analyzed by the described method, and the analytical results agreed well with the reference values. Human autopsy tissues samples were digested by mixed acid (HNO3 + HClO4). The determination of Cs, Th and U in lung, liver, bone, heart, stomach, spleen, muscle, kidney, thyroid gland and intestinum tenue was performed by ICP-MS without separation and enrichment procedures. The obtained results indicated that this method is rapid, sensitive and accurate; the distribution of the three elements is different from one to another human organ sample; the main organ targets for Th and U are lungs and kidneys; and a coordinated variation of Cs, Th and U concentration in lungs was found in the samples collected from Hebei and Sichuan provinces.