A school-family blended multi-component physical activity program for Fundamental Motor Skills Promotion Program for Obese Children (FMSPPOC): protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Fundamental motor skills (FMSs) are crucial for children's health and comprehensive development. Obese children often encounter a considerable challenge in the development of FMSs. School-family blended PA programs are considered a potentially effective approach to improve FMSs and health-related outcomes among obese children, however, empirical evidence is still limited. Therefore, this paper aims to describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of a 24-week school-family blended multi-component PA intervention program for promoting FMSs and health among Chinese obese children, namely the Fundamental Motor Skills Promotion Program for Obese Children (FMSPPOC) employing behavioral change techniques (BCTs) and building on the Multi-Process Action Control (M-PAC) framework as well as using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework for improving and evaluating the program. METHODS: Using a cluster randomized controlled trial (CRCT), 168 Chinese obese children (8-12 years) from 24 classes of six primary schools will be recruited and randomly assigned to one of two groups by a cluster randomization, including a 24-week FMSPPOC intervention group and a non-treatment waiting-list control group. The FMSPPOC program includes a 12-week initiation phase and a 12-week maintenance phase. School-based PA training sessions (2 sessions/week, 90 min each session) and family-based PA assignments (at least three times per week, 30 min each time) will be implemented in the initiation phase (semester time), while three 60-min offline workshops and three 60-min online webinars will be conducted in the maintenance phase (summer holiday). The implementation evaluation will be undertaken according to the RE-AIM framework. For intervention effectiveness evaluation, primary outcome (FMSs: gross motor skills, manual dexterity and balance) and secondary outcomes (health behaviors, physical fitness, perceived motor competence, perceived well-being, M-PAC components, anthropometric and body composition measures) will be collected at four time-points: at baseline, 12-week mid-intervention, 24-week post-intervention, and 6-month follow-up occasions. DISCUSSION: The FMSPPOC program will provide new insights into the design, implementation, and evaluation of FMSs promotion among obese children. The research findings will also supplement empirical evidence, understanding of potential mechanisms, and practical experience for future research, health services, and policymaking. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry; ChiCTR2200066143; 25 Nov 2022.

Construction of Bioluminescent Sensors for Label-Free, Template-Free, Separation-Free, and Sequence-Independent Detection of both Clustered and Isolated Damage in Genomic DNA.

DNA damage induced by endogenous/exogenous factors may cause various diseases, and the genomic DNA damage has become an important biomarker for clinical diagnosis and risk assessment, but it remains a great challenge to accurately quantify both clustered and isolated damage because of their random locations, large diversity, and low abundance. Herein, we demonstrate the development of bioluminescent sensors for label-free, template-free, separation-free, and sequence-independent detection of both clustered and isolated damage in genomic DNA based on the base-excision repair (BER) pathway and terminal transferase (TdT)-initiated template-free isothermal cyclic amplification. The damaged bases are cleaved by DNA glycosylase to generate a new 3'-OH terminus, and subsequently, TdT catalyzes the repeated incorporation of dTTPs into the 3'-OH terminus to produce poly-T structures which can hybridize with the signal probe to form a poly-T sequence/signal probe duplex. Under the lambda exonuclease hydrolysis, a large number of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) molecules are produced to generate a high bioluminescence signal through the cyclic interconversion of AMP-adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-AMP in the presence of luciferin and firefly luciferase. Moreover, the introduction of APE1-induced cyclic cleavage signal amplification can greatly improve the detection sensitivity. The proposed strategy can detect both clustered and isolated damage in genomic DNA with extremely high sensitivity and excellent specificity, and it can even distinguish 0.001% DNA damage in the mixture. Importantly, it can detect the cellular DNA damage with a detection limit of 0.011 ng and further extend to measure various DNA damage with the integration of appropriate DNA repair enzymes.

A single quantum dot-based nanosensor with multilayer of multiple acceptors for ultrasensitive detection of human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase.

Base excision repair (BER) is an important DNA repair pathway involved in the maintenance of genome stability. As the initiator of BER, DNA glycosylase can remove a damaged base from DNA through cleaving the N-glycosidic bond between the sugar moiety and the damaged base. Accurate quantification of DNA glycosylase is essential for the early diagnosis of various human diseases. However, conventional methods for DNA glycosylase assay usually suffer from poor sensitivity and complex probe design. Herein, we develop a single quantum dot-based nanosensor with multilayer of multiple acceptors for ultrasensitive detection of human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (hAAG) using apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1)-assisted cyclic cleavage-mediated signal amplification in combination with the DNA polymerase-assisted multiple cyanine 5 (Cy5)-mediated fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The presence of hAAG induces the cleavage of the hairpin substrate, generating a trigger. The resultant trigger can hybridize with a probe modified with an AP site, initiating the APE1-mediated cyclic cleavage to produce a large number of primers. The primers can subsequently initiate the polymerase-mediated signal amplification with a biotin-modified capture probe as the template, generating the biotin-/multiple Cy5-labeled double-stranded DNAs (dsDNAs). The resultant dsDNAs can assemble onto the QD surface to form the QD-dsDNA-Cy5 nanostructure, leading to efficient FRET from the QD to Cy5 under the excitation of 405 nm. In contrast to the typical QD-based FRET approaches, the assembly of multilayer of multiple Cy5 molecules onto a single QD significantly amplifies the FRET signal. We further verify the FRET model with one donor and multilayered acceptors theoretically and experimentally. This single QD-based nanosensor can sensitively detect hAAG with a detection limit of as low as 4.42 × 10-12 U µL-1. Moreover, it can detect hAAG even in a single cancer cell, and distinguish the cancer cells from the normal cells. Importantly, this single QD-based nanosensor can be used for the kinetic study and inhibition assay, and it may become a universal platform for the detection of other DNA repair enzymes by designing appropriate DNA substrates.

Cardioprotective Effect of Electroacupuncture Pretreatment on Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Antiapoptotic Signaling.

Objectives. Our previous study has used RNA-seq technology to show that apoptotic molecules were involved in the myocardial protection of electroacupuncture pretreatment (EAP) on the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) animal model. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate how EAP protects myocardium against myocardial I/R injury through antiapoptotic mechanism. Methods. By using rats with myocardial I/R, we ligated the left anterior descending artery (LAD) for 30 minutes followed by 4 hr of reperfusion after EAP at the Neiguan (PC6) acupoint for 12 days; we employed arrhythmia scores, serum myocardial enzymes, and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) to evaluate the cardioprotective effect. Heart tissues were harvested for western blot analyses for the expressions of pro- and antiapoptotic signaling molecules. Results. Our preliminary findings showed that EAP increased the survival of the animals along with declined arrhythmia scores and decreased CK, LDH, CK-Mb, and cTnT levels. Further analyses with the heart tissues detected reduced myocardial fiber damage, decreased number of apoptotic cells and the protein expressions of Cyt c and cleaved caspase 3, and the elevated level of Endo G and AIF after EAP intervention. At the same time, the protein expressions of antiapoptotic molecules, including Xiap, BclxL, and Bcl2, were obviously increased. Conclusions. The present study suggested that EAP protected the myocardium from I/R injury at least partially through the activation of endogenous antiapoptotic signaling.

Electro-acupuncture at Neiguan pretreatment alters genome-wide gene expressions and protects rat myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion.

This study investigated genome-wide gene expressions and the cardioprotective effects of electro-acupuncture pretreatment at the PC6 Neiguan acupoint on myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. Male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation (SO), I/R, electro-acupuncture at the PC6 Neiguan acupoint pretreatment (EA) and electro-acupuncture at non-acupoint pretreatment (NA). Compared with the I/R group, the survival rate of the EA group was significantly increased, the arrhythmia score, infarction area, serum concentrations of CK, LDH and CK-Mb and plasma level of cTnT were significantly decreased. RNA-seq results showed that 725 genes were up-regulated and 861 genes were down-regulated under I/R conditions compared to the SO group; both EA and NA reversed some of these gene expression levels (592 in EA and 238 in NA group). KEGG pathway analysis indicated that these genes were involved in multiple pathways, including ECM, MAPK signaling, apoptosis, cytokine and leukocyte pathways. In addition, some pathways were uniquely regulated by EA, but not NA pretreatment, such as oxidative stress, cardiac muscle contraction, gap junction, vascular smooth muscle contraction, hypertrophic, NOD-like receptor, and P53 and B-cell receptor pathways. This study was first to reveal the gene expression signatures of acute myocardial I/R injury and electro-acupuncture pretreatment in rats.

[Effect of pamidronate and ibandronate on orthodontic root resorption in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of pamidronate and ibandronate on orthodontic root resorption. METHODS: Seventy-two 6-week-old female specific pathogen free (SPF) Wistar rats were selected to establish models for orthodontic tooth movement. The rats were randomly divided into three groups: the control group (C group), pamidronate group (Pm group) and ibandronate group (Ib group). 0.9% normal saline,0.5 mmol/L pamidronate and 0.5 mmol/L ibandronate were injected every 3 days. The rats were executed in batch on the 3rd, 7th and 14th day to make tissue sections. All statistical analysis was performed using the PASW Statistics 18 software package. RESULTS: On the 7th and 14th day, the amount of cementoclast, the expression of osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF) and root resorption index were significantly lower in Pm group [the 7th day: (2.675 ± 0.002), (0.1683 ± 0.0007), (0.103 ± 0.003); the 14th day: (3.886 ± 0.048), (0.1873 ± 0.0014), (0.283 ± 0.001)] and Ib groups[the 7th day: (2.601 ± 0.001), (0.1634 ± 0.0010), (0.099 ± 0.002); the 14th day: (3.754 ± 0.019), (0.1818 ± 0.0016), (0.281 ± 0.001)] than in C group[the 7th day: (2.810 ± 0.001), (0.1792 ± 0.0008), (0.120 ± 0.001); the 14th day: (4.800 ± 0.001), (0.2060 ± 0.0007), (0.401 ± 0.001)] (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found between Pm and Ib groups on the 3rd, 7th and 14th day (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both pamidronate and ibandronate could inhibit orthodontic root resorption.

[A three-dimensional finite element study on the reaction of different force values generated from maxillary protraction appliance].

PURPOSE: To analyse the stress distribution of temporomandibular joint(TMJ) and jaw and the displacement changes of each part from the reaction force generated from maxillary protraction appliance by establishing a craniomaxillofacial three-dimensional finite element model (3-D FEM). METHODS: A 3-D FEM of craniofacial structure including TMJ and jaw was established from a male healthy subject by using CT scan and Mimics, Magics, MSC and other data analysis softwares. It was based on the linear elastic materials which were continuous, homogeneous, and isotropic. Then the simulation model in craniofacial 3D structure model of maxillary protraction device was establish based on the reaction principle, and different forces from 3 N to 6 N with a 37degrees centigrade angle from the occlusal plane was loaded at the bottom of the lower jaw in order to measure and analyze changes of stress and displacement in TMJ and jaw with the finite element analysis software ANSYS10.0. RESULTS: At the same angle , the stress in articular fossa and the head and neck of condyle increased with the applied force. Maximum stress was located where the stress was loaded on the mandible and the rigid fixation of maxilla. Meanwhile, this model appeared slight variation of displacement which increased with loading force. The maxillary displacement from basis cranii and occlusal plane to the parietal decreased gradually. Moreover, the mandibular displacement from the front to the rear was gradually reduced, and clockwise rotation was appeared. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that maxillary protraction appliance has reaction force on TMJ and jaw. With increasing of loading forces, reaction forces and deformation increase. At the same time, chin deformation may occur and the mandible has clockwise rotation. Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2011HM036), Medical Health and Technology Development Project(2011QZ023) of Shandong Province and Independent Innovation Project of Jinan College Institute(201202032).

[Comparison of two treatment method for maxillary incisors intrusion].

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical effects of miniscrews and conventional utility arch in the maxillary incisors intrusion. METHODS: Twenty adult patients with III degree deep bite were chosen and divided into two groups randomly. The cephalometric films, intraoral periapical radiographies with metal guide bars, and periodontium parameters were taken before and after intrusion. The major measurement items included alteration of the maxillary first molar in vertical dimension, torque and length of maxillary central incisors, overbite, clinical crown of maxillary central incisors, probing depth (PD), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI) and etc. PASW statistics 18.0 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In the miniscrew group, there was no change of U1-SN, U6-PP distance, U6-SN(P<0.05), but significant reductions in overbite and U1-Stm distance(P<0.05). The probing depth (PD) increased(P<0.05), and the width of keratinized gingiva(WKG) decreased significantly(P<0.05). In the conventional utility arch group, significant differences were found in U1-SN, U6-SN, OP-SN, PLI2(P<0.05). There was no difference in periodontal supporting tissue changes between the two groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the conventional utility arch, minisrew has advantages on intruding upper incisors, and improving lip-tooth relationships. Less treatment period is needed in the minisrew group, and the impact on periodontal supporting tissue is similar.