A technique to treat Descemet's membrane detachment following cataract surgery.

We describe a technique to reattach the detached Descemet's membrane, following cataract surgery. From the main clear corneal cataract incision, aqueous humor is ejected completely by apposition of the cornea to the iris for approximately 3 s. This ensures the fluid in the space between the stroma and Descemet's membrane is ejected and the detached Descemet's membrane returns to its original position. Sterile air is injected through a paracentesis 180 degrees away from the Descemet's membrane detachment, to maintain a complete air-filled chamber. Full air tamponade is maintained for 20 min, following which one-third of the air is ejected from the chamber to prevent an increase of postoperative intraocular pressure.

Predictive Factors for the Success of Vaginal Dinoprostone for the Induction of Labour.

Objective: To evaluate factors predictive of the success of a slow-release dinoprostone vaginal insert for cervical ripening. Methods: This retrospective study included 187 women who received dinoprostone vaginal inserts for cervical ripening. The participants were divided into two groups: the transvaginal delivery group (n = 87) and cesarean section termination group (n = 100). The correlation between the parameters present before cervical ripening with dinoprostone slow release and its success, as well as complications and adverse outcomes, was analyzed. Cesarean section predictors and area under the curve (AUC) were compared between the two Groups. Results: There were statistical differences between the two groups in body mass index (BMI), height, cervical Bishop score, cephalic position, time of medication use, and fetal head position at the time of medication use (P<0.05). The optimal thresholds for identifying cesarean section in dinoprostone vaginal insert for cervical ripening were 162.5 for height (AUC = 0.61), 10.65 cm for amniotic fluid index (AUC = 0.6), S-2.5 for cephalic position (AUC = 0.61), 5.5 for bishop score of cervix (AUC = 0.65). The height, amniotic fluid index, cephalic position, and Bishop score of the cervix were included in the same model. The AUC value of the combined model was higher than the AUC value of the single factor. Conclusion: The combined model was a better predictor of cesarean section in dinoprostone vaginal inserts for cervical ripening and labor induction. The success of cervical ripening with a dinoprostone slow-release vaginal insert can be predicted by the factors that can be recognized at admission.

ANXA1sp modulates the protective effect of Sirt3-induced mitophagy against sepsis-induced myocardial injury in mice.

AIM: Sepsis-induced myocardial injury (SIMI) may be associated with insufficient mitophagy in cardiomyocytes, but the exact mechanism involved remains unknown. Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) is mainly found in the mitochondrial matrix and is involved in repairing mitochondrial function through means such as the activation of autophagy. Previously, we demonstrated that the annexin-A1 small peptide (ANXA1sp) can promote Sirt3 expression in mitochondria. In this study, we hypothesized that the activation of Sirt3 by ANXA1sp induces mitophagy, thereby providing a protective effect against SIMI in mice. METHODS: A mouse model of SIMI was established via cecal ligation and puncture. Intraperitoneal injections of ANXA1sp, 3TYP, and 3MA were administered prior to modeling. After successful modeling, IL-6, TNF-α, CK-MB, and CTn-I levels were measured; cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography; myocardial mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS, and ATP production were determined; myocardial mitochondrial ultrastructure was observed using transmission electron microscopy; and the expression levels of Sirt3 and autophagy-related proteins were detected using western blotting. RESULTS: ANXA1sp significantly reduced serum IL-6, TNF-α, CK-MB, and CTn-I levels; decreased myocardial ROS production; increased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP synthesis; and improved myocardial mitochondrial ultrastructure in septic mice. Furthermore, ANXA1sp promoted Sirt3 expression and activated the AMPK-mTOR pathway to induce myocardial mitophagy. These protective effects of ANXA1sp were reversed upon treatment with the Sirt3 blocker, 3-TYP. CONCLUSION: ANXA1sp can reverse SIMI, and the underlying mechanism may be related to the activation of the AMPK-mTOR pathway following upregulation of Sirt3 by ANXA1sp, which, in turn, induces autophagy.

Multiscale 3D genome organization underlies duck fatty liver with no adipose inflammation or serious injury.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease. Little is known about how gene expression and chromatin structure are regulated in NAFLD due to lack of suitable model. Ducks naturally develop fatty liver similar to serious human non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) without adipose inflammation and liver fibrosis, thus serves as a good model for investigating molecular mechanisms of adipose metabolism and anti-inflammation. Here, we constructed a NAFLD model without adipose inflammation and liver fibrosis in ducks. By performing dynamic pathological and transcriptomic analyses, we identified critical genes involving in regulation of the NF-κB and MHCII signaling, which usually lead to adipose inflammation and liver fibrosis. We further generated dynamic three-dimensional chromatin maps during liver fatty formation and recovery. This showed that ducks enlarged hepatocyte cell nuclei to reduce inter-chromosomal interaction, decompress chromatin structure, and alter strength of intra-TAD and loop interactions during fatty liver formation. These changes partially contributed to the tight control the NF-κB and the MHCII signaling. Our analysis uncovers duck chromatin reorganization might be advantageous to maintain liver regenerative capacity and reduce adipose inflammation. These findings shed light on new strategies for NAFLD control.

Mapping global mangrove canopy height by integrating Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 photon-counting LiDAR data with multi-source images.

Large-scale and precise measurement of mangrove canopy height is crucial for understanding and evaluating wetland ecosystems' condition, health, and productivity. This study generates a global mangrove canopy height map with a 30 m resolution by integrating Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) photon-counting light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data with multi-source imagery. Initially, high-quality mangrove canopy height samples were extracted using meticulous processing and filtering of ICESat-2 data. Subsequently, mangrove canopy height models were established using the random forest (RF) algorithm, incorporating ICESat-2 canopy height samples, Sentinel-2 data, TanDEM-X DEM data and WorldClim data. Furthermore, a global 30 m mangrove canopy height map was generated utilizing the Google Earth Engine platform. Finally, the global map's accuracy was evaluated by comparing it with reference canopy heights derived from both space-borne and airborne LiDAR data. Results indicate that the global 30 m resolution mangrove height map was found to be consistent with canopy heights obtained from space-borne (r = 0.88, Bisa = -0.07 m, RMSE = 3.66 m, RMSE% = 29.86 %) and airborne LiDAR (r = 0.52, Bisa = -1.08 m, RMSE = 3.39 m, RMSE% = 39.05 %). Additionally, our findings reveal that mangroves worldwide exhibit an average height of 12.65 m, with the tallest mangrove reaching a height of 44.94 m. These results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of using ICESat-2 data integrated with multi-source imagery to generate a global mangrove canopy height map. This dataset offers reliable information that can significantly support government and organizational efforts to protect and conserve mangrove ecosystems.

Effect of surfactant's charge properties on behavior, physiology, and biochemistry and the release of microcystins of Microcystis aeruginosa.

Surfactant pollution is escalatitheng in eutrophic waters, but the effect of surfactant charge properties on the physiological and biochemical properties of toxin-producing microalgae remains inadequately explored. To address this gap, this study explores the effects and mechanisms of three common surfactants-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, cationic), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, anionic), and Triton X-100 (nonionic)-found in surface waters, on the agglomeration behavior, physiological indicators, and Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) release of Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) by using UV-visible spectroscope, Malvern Zetasizer, fluorescence spectrometer, etc. Results suggest that charge properties significantly affect cyanobacterial aggregation and cellular metabolism. The CTAB-treated group demonstrates a ∼5.74 and ∼9.74 times higher aggregation effect compared to Triton X-100 and SDS (300 mg/L for 180 min) due to strong electrostatic attraction. Triton X-100 outperforms CTAB and SDS in polysaccharide extraction, attributed to its higher water solubility and lower critical micelle concentration. CTAB stimulates cyanobacteria to secrete proteins, xanthohumic acid, and humic acids to maintain normal physiological cells. Additionally, the results of SEM and ion content showed that CTAB damages the cell membrane, resulting in a ∼90% increase in the release of intracellular MC-LR without cell disintegration. Ionic analyses confirm that all three surfactants alter cell membrane permeability and disrupt ionic metabolic pathways in microalgae. This study highlights the relationship between the surface charge properties of typical surfactants and the dispersion/agglomeration behavior of cyanobacteria. It provides insights into the impact mechanism of exogenous surfactants on toxic algae production in eutrophic water bodies, offering theoretical references for managing surfactant pollution and treating algae blooms.

Can carbon reduction policies promote sustainable construction development? Evidence from China's green building market.

Carbon emissions have become a global challenge, and China, as the world's largest developing country, has a serious emissions problem. Developing green buildings is an important way of reducing carbon emissions. China's low-carbon city pilot policy may be an effective way of promoting green building development and reducing these emissions. This study uses the low carbon city pilot policy as a quasi-natural experiment and employs the staggered difference-in-differences method to investigate its impact on green building development. The results show that the low-carbon city pilot policy promotes green building development, and this policy promotes it by enhancing regional green innovation capacity, improving green total factor productivity at the firm and regional levels, and reducing the financing constraints of firms in the construction and real estate sectors. In addition, the promotion effect of the policy on green building development is stronger in western and non-resource-based regions and large-scale cities in China. This study contributes to the literature related to environmental policy, green building, and carbon emissions and supports the promotion of green building development and the reduction of carbon emissions.

High levels of soil calcium and clay facilitate the recovery and stability of organic carbon: Insights from different land uses in the karst of China.

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a crucial medium of the global carbon cycle and is profoundly affected by multiple factors, such as climate and management practices. However, interactions between different SOC fractions and land-use change have remained largely unexplored in karst ecosystems with widespread rock outcrops. Owing to the inherent heterogeneity and divergent response of SOC to land-use change, soil samples with close depth were collected from four typical land-use types (cropland, grassland, shrubland, and forestland) in the karst rocky desertification area of China. The aim of this study was to explore the responses of SOC dynamics to land-use types and underlying mechanism. The results showed that land-use type significantly affected SOC contents and its fractions. Compared with cropland, the other three land uses increased the total organic carbon (TOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and non-labile organic carbon (NLOC) contents by 6.11-129.44%, 32.58-173.73%, and 90.98-347.00%, respectively; this demonstrated that a decrease in both labile and recalcitrant carbon resulted in SOC depletion under agricultural land use. Readily oxidized organic carbon (ROC) ranged from 42 to 69%, accounting for almost half of the TOC in the 0-40-cm soil layer. Cropland soil showed significantly higher ROC:TOC ratios than other land-use types. These results indicated that long-term vegetation restoration decreased SOC activity and improved SOC stability. Greater levels of soil exchangeable calcium (ECa) and clay contents were likely responsible for higher stabilization and then accumulation of SOC after vegetation restoration. The carbon pool index (CPI) rather than the carbon pool management index (CPMI) exhibited consistent variation trend with soil TOC contents among land-use types. Thus, further study is needed to validate the CPMI in evaluating land use effects on soil quality in karst ecosystems. Our findings suggest that land-use patterns characterized by grass or forest could be an effective approach for SOC-sequestration potential and ensure the sustainable use of soil resources in the karst area.

Pseudospin-dependent acoustic topological edge and corner states in silica aerogel metamaterialsa).

Fueled by the concepts of topological insulators, analogous topological acoustics offer an alternative approach to manipulate sound. Theoretical proposals for subwavelength acoustic topological insulators are considered to be ideal effective parameters or utilizeing artificial coiling-space metamaterials. However, the corresponding realization using realistic soft metamaterials remains challenging. In this study, we present the design of an acoustic subwavelength second-order topological insulator using nanoscale porous solid material, silica aerogel, which supports pseudospin-dependent topological edge and corner states simultaneously. Through simulations and experiments, we demonstrate that silica aerogel can function as a soft acoustic metamaterial at the subwavelength scale. By embedding silica aerogel in an air matrix to construct a honeycomb lattice, a double Dirac cone is obtained. A topological phase transition is induced by expanding or contracting the supercell, resulting in band inversion. Additionally, we propose topologically robust acoustic transmission along the one-dimensional edge. Furthermore, we discover that the proposed sonic crystal sustains zero-dimensional corner states, which can efficiently confine energy at subwavelength corners. These findings offer potential for the realization of subwavelength topological acoustic devices using realistic soft metamaterials.

The gut microbiota and post-traumatic major depression disorder: insights from bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization.

Background: Exposure to trauma is often associated with an increased incidence of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), yet the mechanisms underlying MDD development post-trauma remain elusive. The microbiota-gut-brain axis has been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, suggesting its potential role in post-traumatic MDD (PTMDD) development. Our study aimed to assess the significance of the gut microbiome-brain interaction in PTMDD. Methods: We conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and both PTMDD and trauma exposure in MDD. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary datasets for PTMDD and trauma exposure in MDD, both derived from the UK Biobank. The PTMDD dataset included 24,090 individuals (13,393 cases and 10,701 controls), while the dataset for trauma exposure in MDD comprised 22,880 participants (13,393 cases and 9,487 controls). Additionally, gut microbiota data from the MiBioGen consortium included 14,306 European individuals across 18 diverse cohorts. Results: Our research identified a significant negative association between the phylum Verrucomicrobia (odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] =0.799 [0.684-0.933], P=0.005) and the risk of developing PTMDD, suggesting a protective role for Verrucomicrobia against PTMDD. Conversely, our findings indicate no causal effects of the gut microbiota on trauma exposure in MDD. However, reverse analysis revealed that both PTMDD and MDD influence certain bacterial traits, affecting 5 and 9 bacterial traits, respectively. Moreover, Verrucomicrobia (OR [95% CI] = 1.166 [1.051 - 1.294], P=0.004) was found to be positively impacted by trauma exposure in MDD. Conclusion: Our findings provide a cause-and-effect relationship between the gut microbiota and PTMDD, contributing to our understanding of the microbiota-gut-brain axis and its role in neuropsychiatric disorder development after trauma. This information provides an opportunity for new treatment and prevention methods which are aimed at the gut-brain interaction.

Identification of cell surface markers for acute myeloid leukemia prognosis based on multi-model analysis.

Given the extremely high inter-patient heterogeneity among acute myeloid leukemia (AML), identifying biomarkers for prognostic assessment and therapeutic guidance is crucial. Cell surface markers (CSMs) have been shown to play an important role in AML leukemogenesis and progression. In this study, we evaluate the prognostic potential of all human CSMs in AML patients based on differential gene expression analysis and univariate Cox regression analysis. Utilizing multi-model analysis, including Adaptive LASSO regression, LASSO regression, and Elastic Net, we construct a 9-CSMs prognostic model for risk stratification of AML patients. The predictive value of the 9-CSMs risk score is further confirmed in three independent datasets. Multivariate Cox regression analysis shows that the risk score is an independent prognostic factor for AML patients. AML patients with high 9-CSMs risk scores have shorter overall and event-free survival time than those with lower scores. Notably, our single-cell RNA-seq analysis indicates that patients with high 9-CSMs risk scores exhibit chemotherapy resistance. Further, PI3K inhibitors are identified as potential treatments for these high-risk patients. In conclusion, we construct a 9-CSMs prognostic model which is an independent prognostic factor for the survival of AML patients and has the potential to guide drug therapy.

Osimertinib in the treatment of resected EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer: a cost-effectiveness analysis in the United States.

Background: In the double-blind phase III ADAURA randomized clinical trial, adjuvant osimertinib showed a substantial overall survival benefit in patients with stage IB to IIIA, EGFR-mutated, completely resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing the use of adjuvant osimertinib to placebo in patients with stage IB to IIIA, EGFR-mutated, resected NSCLC. Methods: Based on the results obtained from the ADAURA trial, a Markov model with three-state was employed to simulate patients who were administered either osimertinib or placebo until disease recurrence or completion of the study period (3 years). Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), lifetime costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were calculated with a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $150,000 per QALY. Both univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were carried out to explore the robustness of the model. Results: Osimertinib produced additional 1.59 QALYs with additional costs of $492,710 compared to placebo, giving rise to ICERs of $309,962.66/QALY. The results of the univariate sensitivity analysis indicated that the utility of disease-free survival (DFS), cost of osimertinib, and discount rate had the greatest impact on the outcomes. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that osimertinib exhibited a 0% chance of being considered cost-effective for patients using a WTP threshold $150,000/QALY. Conclusion: In our model, osimertinib was unlikely to be cost-effective compared to placebo for stage IB to IIIA, EGFR-mutated, completely resected NSCLC patients from the perspective of a U.S. payer at a WTP threshold of $150,000 per QALY.

A quantum synthetic aperture radar image denoising algorithm based on grayscale morphology.

The quantum denoising technology efficiently removes noise from images; however, the existing algorithms are only effective for additive noise and cannot remove multiplicative noise, such as speckle noise in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. In this paper, based on the grayscale morphology method, a quantum SAR image denoising algorithm is proposed, which performs morphological operations on all pixels simultaneously to remove the noise in the SAR image. In addition, we design a feasible quantum adder to perform cyclic shift operations. Then, quantum circuits for dilation and erosion are designed, and the complete quantum circuit is then constructed. For a 2n×2n quantum SAR image with q grayscale levels, the complexity of our algorithm is O (n+q). Compared with classical algorithms, it achieves exponential improvement and also has polynomial-level improvements than existing quantum algorithms. Finally, the feasibility of our algorithm is validated on IBM Q.

Enzyme modified biodegradable plastic preparation and performance in anaerobic co-digestion with food waste.

A modified biodegradable plastic (PLA/PBAT) was developed by through covalent bonding with proteinase K, porcine pancreatic lipase, or amylase, and was then investigated in anaerobic co-digestion mixed with food waste. Fluorescence microscope validated that enzymes could remain stable in modified the plastic, even after co-digestion. The results of thermophilic anaerobic co-digestion showed that, degradation of the plastic modified with Proteinase K increased from 5.21 ± 0.63 % to 29.70 ± 1.86 % within 30 days compare to blank. Additionally, it was observed that the cumulative methane production increased from 240.9 ± 0.5 to 265.4 ± 1.8 mL/gVS, and the methane production cycle was shortened from 24 to 20 days. Interestingly, the kinetic model suggested that the modified the plastic promoted the overall hydrolysis progression of anaerobic co-digestion, possibly as a result of the enhanced activities of Bacteroidota and Thermotogota. In conclusion, under anaerobic co-digestion, the modified the plastic not only achieved effective degradation but also facilitated the co-digestion process.

A surface-modified Na3V2(PO4)2F3 cathode with high rate capability and cycling stability for sodium ion batteries.

High voltage, high rate, and cycling-stable cathodes are urgently needed for development of commercially viable sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, we report a facial ball-milling to synthesize a carbon-coated Na3V2(PO4)2F3 composite (C-NVPF). Benefiting from the highly conductive carbon layer, the C-NVPF material exhibits a high reversible capacity (110.6 mA h g-1 at 0.1C), long-term cycle life (54% of capacity retention up to 2000 cycles at 5C), and excellent rate performance (35.1 mA h g-1 at 30C). The present results suggest promising applications of the C-NVPF material as a high-performance cathode for sodium ion batteries.

Soft and Damping Thermal Interface Materials with Honeycomb-Board-Mimetic Filler Network for Electronic Heat Dissipation.

High-power-density electronic devices under vibrations call for soft and damping thermal interface materials (TIMs) for efficient heat dissipation. However, integrating low hardness, high damping, and superior heat transfer capability into one TIM is highly challenging. Herein, soft, damping, and thermally conductive TIMs are designed and prepared by constructing a honeycomb-board-mimetic boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS) network in a dynamic polyimine via one-step horizontal centrifugal casting. The unique filler network makes the TIMs perform a high through-plane thermal conductivity (> 7.69 W m-1 K-1) and a uniform heat transfer process. Meanwhile, the hierarchical dynamic bonding of the polyimine endows the TIMs with low compressive strength (2.16 MPa at 20% strain) and excellent damping performance (tan δ > ≈0.3 at 10-2-102 Hz). The resulting TIMs also exhibit electrical insulation and remarkable recycling ability. Compared with the commercial ones, the TIMs provide better heat dissipation (4.1 °C) for a high-power 5G base station and less temperature fluctuation (1.8 °C) for an automotive insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) under vibrations. This rational design offers a viable approach to prepare soft and damping TIMs for effective heat dissipation of high-power-density electronic devices under vibrations.

Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 1 (LPA1) Antagonists as Potential Migrastatics for Triple Negative Breast Cancer.

Metastasis is responsible for about 90 % of cancer deaths. Anti-metastatic drugs, termed as migrastatics, offer a distinctive therapeutic approach to address cancer migration and invasion. However, therapeutic exploitation of metastasis-specific targets remains limited, and the effective prevention and suppression of metastatic cancer continue to be elusive. Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPA1) is activated by an endogenous lipid molecule LPA, leading to a diverse array of cellular activities. Previous studies have shown that the LPA/LPA1 axis supports the progression of metastasis for many types of cancer. In this study, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of fluorine-containing triazole derivatives as potent LPA1 antagonists, offering potential as migrastatic drugs for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). In particular, compound 12 f, the most potent and highly selective in this series with an IC50 value of 16.0 nM in the cAMP assay and 18.4 nM in the calcium mobilization assay, inhibited cell survival, migration, and invasion in the TNBC cell line. Interestingly, the compound did not induce apoptosis in TNBC cells and demonstrated no cytotoxic effects. These results highlight the potential of LPA1 as a migrastatic target. Consequently, the LPA1 antagonists developed in this study hold promise as potential migrastatic candidates for TNBC.