Effects of different low-temperature maceration times on the chemical and sensory characteristics of Syrah wine.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of three different cold maceration times on the color, volatiles, and sensory of Syrah wine. The results showed that the physicochemical parameters were not influenced by maceration time. Extending the maceration time significantly increased the color intensity and decreased the hue of the wines. The content of monomeric anthocyanins and monomeric phenols increased gradually with the prolongation of immersion time, however, there was no significant difference between 72 and 120 h. Malvidin-3-O-glucoside was the most abundant monomer in anthocyanins, accounting for 67 % of the total content. Moreover, the highest flavanol content (95.42 ± 0.66 mg/L) was found in 120-h sample. The aroma contents of wines macerated for 72 and 120 h were significantly higher than that of 24 h (p < 0.05). Sensory evaluations showed that extended maceration enhanced the color intensity and floral-fruity aromas of the Syrah wines, while increasing astringency.

Time interval distribution of hepatitis B vaccine immunization among infants in China from 2017 to 2021.

Infant hepatitis B vaccine coverage in China is high, with over 95% of infants immunized; however, high vaccine coverage can often mask low timeliness. The vaccination interval between the second and third doses is not clearly defined by immunization guidelines in China. This retrospective cohort study assessed the time interval distribution of hepatitis B vaccination among a cohort of randomly selected live births from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention across four provinces or municipalities in China between January 2017 and December 2021. Among the infants analyzed, 163,224 received the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine with 146,905 (90.0%) and 135,757 (83.2%) infants receiving the second and third doses, respectively. A total of 132,577 (90.2%) infants received the second dose between 28 and 61 days after the first dose. Of the 119,437 (88.0%) infants that completed the hepatitis B series between 61 and 214 days after the second dose 87,067 (64.1%) infants were vaccinated with the third dose between 151 and 180 days after the second dose. The time interval distribution varied across the four provinces or municipalities (p < .001). Of the 58,077 infants who completed the hepatitis B vaccine series, 36,377 (62.6%) infants used the same type of hepatitis B vaccine for all three doses. Overall, the timeliness of hepatitis B vaccination for infants was lower than expected, with regional disparities observed. This highlights the need for improved timeliness through the introduction of a defined timeframe for the last two doses of vaccine and training for obstetricians and related personnel.

Effects of 1-oleate-2-palmitate-3-linoleate glycerol supplementation on the small intestinal development and gut microbial composition of neonatal mice.

Recent studies have shown that 1-oleo-2-palmito-3-linoleyl glycerol (OPL) is the most abundant triacylglycerol in human breast milk in China. Epidemiologic studies have shown that sn-2 palmitate improves the absorption of fatty acids and calcium in infants. However, there have been few studies of the specific mechanism by which OPL affects intestinal function. In the present study, we have characterized the effects of various levels of OPL supplementation on the development of the intestinal epithelium and the intestinal microbiota of neonatal mice. OPL supplementation increased the body masses and intestinal lengths of weaned mice and promoted defecation. These positive effects were related to the effect of OPL to promote the development of intestinal villi and crypts. OPL increased the expression of the intestinal stem cell markers Olfm4 and Sox9 in the jejunum and ileum, which promoted their differentiation into goblet cells and Paneth cells. It also promoted the integrity of the epithelial barrier by increasing the secretion of mucin 2 and lysozyme 1 and the expression of the tight junction proteins occludin, ZO1, claudin 2, and claudin 3. More importantly, we found that low dose-OPL promotes the transformation of the intestinal microbiota of neonatal mice to the mature state in 3-month-old mice, increases the proportion of Firmicutes, and reduces the proportion of Bacteroidota. The proportions of anaerobic genera of bacteria, such as Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Lachnoclostridium, Ligilactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium were higher, as were the key producers of short-chain fatty acids, such as Bacteroides and Blautia. OPL also increased the butyric acid content of the feces, which significantly correlated with the abundance of Lactobacillus. High-dose OPL tended to be more effective at promoting defecation and the development of the villi and crypts, but these effects did not significantly differ from those achieved using the lower dose. A low dose of OPL was more effective at increasing the butyric acid content and causing the maturation of microbes. In summary, the OPL supplementation of newborn mice promotes the establishment of the intestinal epithelial layer structure and barrier function, and also promotes the transformation of the intestinal microbiota to a mature state. This study lays a theoretical foundation for the inclusion of OPL in infant formula and provides a scientific basis for the development of intestinal health products.

Regulation of Biomineralization and Autophagy by the Stress-Sensing Transcription Factor CgRunx1 in Crassostrea gigas Under Daylight Ultraviolet B Radiation.

As human activities increase and environmental changes persist, increased ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation in aquatic ecosystems poses significant threats to aquatic life. This study, through transcriptomic analysis of the mantle tissue of Crassostrea gigas following UVB radiation exposure, identified and validated two key transcription factors, CgRunx1 and CgCBFß. The highest expression levels of CgRunx1 and CgCBFß in the mantle suggest their pivotal roles in this tissue. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that CgRunx1 and CgCBFß could form heterodimers and interact with each other. Furthermore, this study assessed the impact of UVB radiation on the levels of reactive oxygen species of the C. gigas, speculating that CgRunx1, as a potential redox-sensitive transcription factor, might be regulated by intracellular ROS. Through screening and binding site prediction analysis of target genes, coupled with dual-luciferase reporter assays, we verified that CgRunx1 might participate in regulating the biomineralization and autophagy processes in C. gigas by activating the transcriptional expression of target genes Transport and Golgi organization 1 and V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A. These findings provide new insights into the molecular response mechanisms of the C. gigas to UVB radiation and lay an important foundation for studying the adaptive evolution of bivalves to environmental stress.

A scallop IκB protein involved in innate immunity acts as a key regulator of NF-κB.

Chlamys farreri, a commercially important bivalve mollusk, is extensively cultivated in China. In recent years, the frequent occurrence of diseases has led to significant mortality in scallop farms. Despite this, our understanding of scallop's innate immune mechanisms remains limited. The NF-κB signaling pathway plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including cellular, developmental, and immune defense mechanisms. Inhibitors of NF-κB (IκB) proteins block the nuclear localization and DNA binding of NF-κB, thereby inhibiting its activity. However, the role of these proteins in invertebrates is not well understood. In this study, we identified a new homolog of the IκB gene in C. farreri, named CfIκB1. The open reading frame of CfIκB1 spans 1089 bp, encoding 362 amino acids. Through sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis, CfIκB1 was classified as a member of the invertebrate IκB family. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that CfIκB1 transcripts are present in all examined tissues, with the highest expression observed in hemocytes. Expression levels were significantly upregulated following exposure to lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid. Co-immunoprecipitation studies confirmed that CfIκB1 interacts with NF-κB family proteins CfRel-1 and CfRel. Dual-luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that CfIκB1 inhibits CfRel-dependent activation of NF-κB, ISRE, IFNß, and AP-1. These findings suggest that CfIκB1 plays a crucial role in regulating NF-κB activity, which is integral to the innate immunity of C. farreri. This research enhances our understanding of the innate immune system in invertebrates and provides a theoretical basis for developing disease-resistant scallops at the molecular level.

Relationship between cognitive function and sleep quality in middle-aged and older adults for minimizing disparities and achieving equity in health: Evidence from multiple nationwide cohorts.

BACKGROUND: Cognitive decline, a heavy burden on middle-aged and older adults as global aging is aggravated, was found to be associated with sleep quality. However, the country-between heterogeneity of the association prevented us from quantifying underlying relationship and identifying potential effect modifiers for vulnerable populations and targeted interventions. METHODS: We collected data from 79,922 eligible adults in five nationwide cohorts, examined the respective relationships between cognitive function and sleep quality, synthesized underlying average relationships by meta-analysis, and explored effect modifiers by meta-regressions. Additionally, we conducted subgroup and interaction analyses to identify vulnerable populations and to determine their disparities in vulnerability. RESULTS: Although country-between disparities exist, cognitive function is robustly associated with sleep quality in middle-aged and older adults worldwide, with an effect (ß) of 0.015 [0.003, 0.027]. Executive function is the subdomain most relevant to sleep quality. Disparities in the effects of sleep quality on subdomains exist in populations with different sexes (orientation: ßfemale/ßmale = 1.615, P = 0.020), marital statuses (orientation: ßunmarried/ßmarried = 2.074, P < 0.001), education levels (orientation:ßuneducated/ßeducated = 2.074, P < 0.001) and chronic disease statuses (memory: ßunhealthy/ßhealthy = 1.560, P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive function decreases with worsening sleep quality in middle-aged and older adults. Vulnerability to poor sleep generally persists in singles, females, the uneducated and people with chronic diseases. To minimize disparities and achieve health equity, we advocate for targeted interventions, i.e., encouraging socialization in singles, confirming effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy in females, employing compulsory education in middle-aged and older adults.

Unraveling the causality between gastroesophageal reflux disease and increased cancer risk: evidence from the UK Biobank and GWAS consortia.

BACKGROUND: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common condition characterized by the reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus. Despite its widespread prevalence worldwide, the causal link between GERD and various cancer risks has not been fully established, and past medical research has often underestimated or overlooked this relationship. METHODS: This study performed Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal relationship between GERD and 19 different cancers. We leveraged data from 129,080 GERD patients and 473,524 controls, along with cancer-related data, obtained from the UK Biobank and various Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) consortia. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with GERD were used as instrumental variables, utilizing methods such as inverse variance weighting, weighted median, and MR-Egger to address potential pleiotropy and confounding factors. RESULTS: GERD was significantly associated with higher risks of nine types of cancer. Even after adjusting for all known risk factors-including smoking, alcohol consumption, major depression, and body mass index (BMI)-these associations remained significant, with higher risks for most cancers. For example, the adjusted risk for overall lung cancer was (OR, 1.23; 95% CI: 1.14-1.33), for lung adenocarcinoma was (OR, 1.18; 95% CI: 1.03-1.36), for lung squamous cell carcinoma was (OR, 1.35; 95% CI: 1.19-1.53), and for oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer was (OR, 1.73; 95% CI: 1.22-2.44). Especially noteworthy, the risk for esophageal cancer increased to (OR, 2.57; 95% CI: 1.23-5.37). Mediation analyses further highlighted GERD as a significant mediator in the relationships between BMI, smoking, major depression, and cancer risks. CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies a significant causal relationship between GERD and increased cancer risk, highlighting its role in cancer development and underscoring the necessity of incorporating GERD management into cancer prevention strategies.

Molecular cloning and functional study of a Rel homologous gene in sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius.

NF-κB (Nuclear factor-kappa B) family proteins are versatile transcription factors that play crucial regulatory roles in cell development, growth, apoptosis, inflammation, and immune response. However, there is limited research on the function of these key genes in echinoderms. In this study, an NF-κB family gene (SiRel) was identified in sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. The gene has an open reading frame length of 1809 bp and encodes for 602 amino acids. Domain prediction results revealed that the N-terminal of SiRel protein encodes a conserved Rel homology domain (RHD), including the RHD-DNA binding domain and the RHD-dimerization domain. Multiple sequence comparison results showed that the protein sequences of these two domains were conserved. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that SiRel clustered with Strongylocentrotus purpuratus p65 protein and Rel protein of other echinoderms. Results from quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated detectable SiRel mRNA expression in all tested sea urchin tissues, with the highest expression level found in the gills. And SiRel mRNA expression levels were significantly induced after LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) and poly(I:C) (Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid) stimulation. In addition, SiRel protein expression can be found in cytoplasm and nucleus of HEK293T cells. Co-immunoprecipitation results showed that SiRel could interact with sea urchin IκB (Inhibitor of NF-κB) protein. Western blotting and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay results indicated that overexpression of SiRel in HEK293T cells could impact the phosphorylation levels of JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and Erk1/2 (Extracellular signal-regulated kinases1/2) and activate interleukin-6 (IL-6), activating protein 1 (AP-1), interferon (IFN)α/ß/γ, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) reporter genes in HEK293T cells. In conclusion, this study reveals that SiRel plays an important role in the innate immune response of sea urchins and enriches our understanding of comparative immunology theory.

Enhancing endothelial colony-forming cells for treating diabetic vascular complications: challenges and clinical prospects.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, leading to various vascular complications. Accumulating evidence indicates that endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) have attractive prospects for repairing and restoring blood vessels. Thus, ECFCs may be a novel therapeutic option for diabetic patients with vascular complications who require revascularization therapy. However, it has been reported that the function of ECFCs is impaired in DM, which poses challenges for the autologous transplantation of ECFCs. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms that may be responsible for ECFC dysfunction and discuss potential strategies for improving the therapeutic efficacy of ECFCs derived from patients with DM. Finally, we discuss barriers to the use of ECFCs in human studies in light of the fact that there are no published reports using these cells in humans.

Preliminary investigation on the effect of Vibrio splendidus stimulation on the intestinal flora of Strongylocentrotus intermedius.

To better understand the effect of Vibrio splendidus infection on Strongylocentrotus intermedius, 16S rRNA sequencing was carried out to investigate the intestinal flora of S. intermedius stimulated by 0 CFU/mL (Con), 1.5 × 107 CFU/mL (Vib1) and 1.5 × 108 CFU/mL (Vib2) concentrations of V. splendidus. The results showed that there was significant difference in intestinal flora diversity between Con group and Vib1 group, but no significant difference between Con group and Vib2 group. However, there were significant differences in the composition of intestinal flora among all groups. Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant phylum in the Con group. The abundance of Bacteroidota and Firmicutes decreased and Proteobacteria increased in Vib1 and Vib2 groups. The relative abundance of the potential probiotic bacteria Muribaculaceae and Alloprevotella was significantly lower in the Vib1 and Vib2 groups. In addition, the opportunistic pathogen Desulfovibrio was found in Vib1 and Vib2 groups. It is evident that V. splendidus infection not only alters the composition of the microbial community in the intestinal tract of S. intermedius, but may also lead to the production of opportunistic pathogens, which could be potentially harmful to the health of S. intermedius. The results of this study provide a foundation for exploring the diseases caused by V. splendidus stimulation leading to an imbalance in the intestinal flora of S. intermedius, and contribute to our further understanding of the role of Vibrio on the health of S. intermedius.

Molluscan pleiotropic FADD involved in innate immune signaling and induces apoptosis.

Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) was initially identified as a crucial adaptor protein in the apoptotic pathway mediated by death receptor (DR). Subsequently, many studies have confirmed that FADD plays a vital role in innate immunity and inflammatory responses in animals. However, the function of this pleiotropic molecule in mollusk species has not been well explored. In this study, we successfully verified the gene sequence of FADD in the Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri) and designated it as CfFADD. The CfFADD protein contains a conserved death effector and death domains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CfFADD is a novel addition to the molluscan FADD family with a close evolutionary relationship with molluscan FADD subfamily proteins. CfFADD mRNA expression in various scallop tissues was significantly induced by challenge with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, and poly(I:C)), suggesting its role in innate immunity in scallops. Co-immunoprecipitation showed that CfFADD interacted with the scallop DR (tumor necrosis factor receptor) and a signaling molecule involved in the Toll-like receptor pathway (interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase), confirming that CfFADD may be involved in DR-mediated apoptosis and innate immune signaling pathways. Further studies showed that CfFADD interacted with CfCaspase-8 and activated caspase-3. HEK293T cells exhibited distinct apoptotic features after transfection with a CfFADD-expression plasmid, suggesting a functional DR-FADD-caspase apoptotic pathway in scallops. Overexpression of CfFADD led to a significant dose-dependent activation of interferon ß and nuclear factor-κB reporter genes, demonstrating the key role of CfFADD in innate immunity. In summary, our research has confirmed the critical roles of CfFADD in innate immunity and apoptosis and provides valuable information for developing comparative immunology theories.

There Is No Direct Causal Relationship Between Coronary Artery Disease and Alzheimer Disease: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.

BACKGROUND: The association between poor cardiovascular health and cognitive decline as well as dementia progression has been inconsistent across studies. This study used Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal relationship between Alzheimer disease (AD), circulating levels of total-tau, and coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS AND RESULTS: This study used MR to investigate the causal relationship between AD or circulating levels of total-tau and CAD, including ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, coronary atherosclerosis, and heart failure. The primary analysis used the inverse-variance weighted method, with pleiotropy and heterogeneity assessed using MR-Egger regression and the Q statistic. The overall results of the MR analysis indicated that AD did not exhibit a causal effect on heart failure (odds ratio [OR], 0.969 [95% CI, 0.921-1.018]; P=0.209), myocardial infarction (OR, 0.972 [95% CI, 0.915-1.033]; P=0.359), ischemic heart disease (OR, 1.013 [95% CI, 0.949-1.082]; P=0.700), coronary heart disease (OR, 1.005 [95% CI, 0.937-1.078]; P=0.881), or coronary atherosclerosis (OR, 0.987 [95% CI, 0.926-1.052]; P=0.690). No significant causal effect of CAD was observed on AD in the reverse MR analysis. Additionally, our findings revealed that CAD did not influence circulating levels of total-tau, nor did circulating levels of total-tau increase the risk of CAD. Sensitivity analysis and assessment of horizontal pleiotropy suggested that these factors did not distort the causal estimates. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study indicate the absence of a direct causal relationship between AD and CAD from a genetic perspective. Therefore, managing the 2 diseases should be more independent and targeted. Concurrently, investigating the mechanism underlying their comorbidity may not yield meaningful insights for advancing treatment strategies.

Association between indoor residual spraying and the malaria burden in Zambia and factors associated with IRS refusals: a case-control study in Vubwi District.

BACKGROUND: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) has been implemented to prevent malaria in Zambia for several decades, but its effectiveness has not been evaluated long term and in Vubwi District yet. This study aimed to assess the association between IRS and the malaria burden in Zambia and Vubwi District and to explore the factors associated with refusing IRS. METHODS: A retrospective study was used to analyze the association between IRS and malaria incidence in Zambia in 2001-2020 and in Vubwi District in 2014-2020 by Spearman correlation analysis. A case-control study was used to explore the factors associated with IRS refusals by households in Vubwi District in 2021. A logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with IRS refusals. RESULTS: The malaria incidence reached its peak (391/1000) in 2001 and dropped to the lowest (154/1000) in 2019. The annual percentage change in 2001-2003, 2003-2008, 2008-2014, 2014-2018 and 2018-2020 was - 6.54%, - 13.24%, 5.04%, - 10.28% and 18.61%, respectively. A significantly negative correlation between the percentage of population protected by the IRS against the total population in Zambia (coverage) and the average malaria incidence in the whole population was observed in 2005-2020 (r = - 0.685, P = 0.003) and 2005-2019 (r = - 0.818, P < 0.001). Among 264 participants (59 in the refuser group and 205 in the acceptor group), participants with specific occupations (self-employed: OR 0.089, 95% CI 0.022-0.364; gold panning: OR 0.113, 95% CI 0.022-0.574; housewives: OR 0.129, 95% CI 0.026-0.628 and farmers: OR 0.135, 95% CI 0.030-0.608 compared to employees) and no malaria case among household members (OR 0.167; 95% CI 0.071-0.394) had a lower risk of refusing IRS implementation, while those with a secondary education level (OR 3.690, 95% CI 1.245-10.989) had a higher risk of refusing IRS implementation compared to those who had never been to school. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing coverage with IRS was associated with decreasing incidence of malaria in Zambia, though this was not observed in Vubwi District, possibly because of the special geographical location of Vubwi District. Interpersonal communication and targeted health education should be implemented at full scale to ensure household awareness and gain community trust.

A newly identified scallop MyD88 interacts with TLR and functions in innate immunity.

Myeloid differentiation factor-88 (MyD88) is a key adaptor of the toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway and plays a crucial role in innate immune signal transduction in animals. However, the MyD88-mediated signal transduction mechanism in shellfish has not been well studied. In this study, a new MyD88 gene, CfMyD88-2, was identified in the Zhikong scallop, Chlamys farreri. The 1779 bp long open reading frame encodes 592 amino acids. The N-terminus of CfMyD88-2 contains a conserved death domain (DD), followed by a TIR (TLR/Interleukin-1 Receptor) domain. The results of the multi-sequence comparison showed that the TIR domain sequences were highly conserved. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CfMyD88-2 was first associated with Mizuhopecten yessoensis MyD88-4 and Argopecten irradians MyD88-4. CfMyD88-2 mRNA was expressed in all scallop tissues, as detected by qRT-PCR, and the expression level was the highest in the mantle and hepatopancreas. In addition, CfMyD88-2 mRNA expression significantly increased after pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs, such as lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid) stimulation. The results of the co-immunoprecipitation experiments in HEK293T cells showed that both CfMyD88-1 and CfMyD88-2 interacted with the TLR protein of scallops, suggesting the existence of more than one functional TLR-MyD88 signaling axis in scallops. Dual luciferase reporter gene assays indicated that the overexpressed CfMyD88-2 in HEK293T cells activated interferon (IFN) α, IFN-ß, IFN-γ, and NF-κB reporter genes, indicating that the protein has multiple functions. The results of the subcellular localization experiment uncovered that CfMyD88-2 was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of human cells. In summary, the novel identified CfMyD88-2 can respond to the challenge of PAMPs, participate in TLR immune signaling, and may activate downstream effector genes such as NF-κB gene. These research results will be useful in advancing the theory of innate immunity in invertebrates and provide a reference for the selection of disease-resistant scallops in the future.

Application of magnetism in tissue regeneration: recent progress and future prospects.

Tissue regeneration is a hot topic in the field of biomedical research in this century. Material composition, surface topology, light, ultrasonic, electric field and magnetic fields (MFs) all have important effects on the regeneration process. Among them, MFs can provide nearly non-invasive signal transmission within biological tissues, and magnetic materials can convert MFs into a series of signals related to biological processes, such as mechanical force, magnetic heat, drug release, etc. By adjusting the MFs and magnetic materials, desired cellular or molecular-level responses can be achieved to promote better tissue regeneration. This review summarizes the definition, classification and latest progress of MFs and magnetic materials in tissue engineering. It also explores the differences and potential applications of MFs in different tissue cells, aiming to connect the applications of magnetism in various subfields of tissue engineering and provide new insights for the use of magnetism in tissue regeneration.

Effectiveness of momentary intervention on influenza vaccination among the elderly in China: From willingness to action.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of momentary intervention on the willingness and actual uptake of influenza vaccination among the elderly in China. METHODS: A cross-sectional study assessed the willingness of the elderly to receive influenza vaccination, and an momentary intervention aimed to increase vaccination willingness among those initially unwilling. The elderly reporting a willingness were offered free influenza vaccination through a community intervention program. RESULTS: A total of 3138 participants were recruited in this study, and 61.3 % (95 % CI 59.6 %-63.0 %) were willing to receive influenza vaccination at baseline. The willingness rate of influenza vaccination increased to 79.8 % (95 % CI 78.4 %-81.2 %), with an increase of 18.5 % (95 % CI 16.3 %-20.7 %) after momentary intervention. The influenza vaccination rate was 40.4 % (95 % CI 38.5 %-42.3 %) before and 53.9 % (95 % CI 52.0 %-55.8 %) after momentary intervention with an increase of 13.5 % (95 % CI 10.9 %-16.2 %). There was no significant difference in influenza vaccination rates between the initially willing people and those who changed to be willing to receive influenza vaccination after momentary intervention (vaccination rates: 78.0 % vs. 81.3 %). CONCLUSION: Momentary intervention has been shown to effectively enhance the willingness of the elderly to receive influenza vaccination, thereby facilitating the translation of this intention into actual behavior.

Geographical identification of Chinese wine based on chemometrics combined with mineral elements, volatile components and untargeted metabonomics.

Identifying the geographic origin of a wine is of great importance, as origin fakery is commonplace in the wine industry. This study analyzed the mineral elements, volatile components, and metabolites in wine using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-exactive orbitrap mass spectrometry. The most critical variables (5 mineral elements, 13 volatile components, and 51 metabolites) for wine origin classification were selected via principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. Subsequently, three algorithms-K-nearest neighbors, support vector machine, and random forest -were used to model single and fused datasets for origin identification. These results indicated that fused datasets, based on feature variables (mineral elements, volatile components, and metabolites), achieved the best performance, with predictive rates of 100% for all three algorithms. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a multi-source data fusion strategy for authenticity identification of Chinese wine.

Differences in Vaccination Consultation Preferred by Primary Health Care Workers and Residents in Community Settings.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the preference of primary HCWs and residents on vaccination consultation in community health services to provide evidence for vaccine hesitancy intervention strategies. METHODS: A discrete choice model (DCM) was constructed to evaluate the preference difference between primary HCWs and residents on vaccination consultation in community health services in China during May-July 2022. RESULTS: A total of 282 residents and 204 HCWs were enrolled in this study. The residents preferred consulting with an HCW-led approach (ß = 2.168), with specialized content (ß = 0.954), and accompanied by telephone follow-up (ß = 1.552). In contrast, the HCWs preferred face-to-face consultation (ß = 0.540) with an HCW-led approach (ß = 0.458) and specialized content (ß = 0.409), accompanied by telephone follow-up (ß = 0.831). College residents and residents with underlying self-reported disease may be near-critically inclined to choose traditional consultation (an offline, face-to-face consultation with standardized content and more prolonged duration) rather than a new-media consulting group (an online consultation with specialized content within 5 min). Urban HCWs preferred long-term consultation groups (the resident-led offline consultation with follow-up lasting more than 5 min). In contrast, rural HCWs preferred efficient consultation (the HCW-led, short-duration, standardized offline consultation mode). CONCLUSION: The selection preference for vaccine consultation reveals a gap between providers and demanders, with different groups exhibiting distinct preferences. Identifying these targeted gaps can help design more acceptable and efficient interventions, increasing their likelihood of success and leading to better resource allocation for policymakers to develop targeted vaccination policies.

Non-pharmacological interventions to prevent PICS in critically ill adult patients: a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Postintensive care syndrome (PICS) is common in critically ill adults who were treated in the intensive care unit (ICU). Although comparative analyses between types of non-pharmacological measures and usual care to prevent PICS have been performed, it remains unclear which of these potential treatments is the most effective for prevention. METHODS: To obtain the best evidence for non-pharmaceutical interventions in preventing PICS, a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analyses (NMAs) will be conducted by searching nine electronic databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two reviewers will carefully screen the titles, abstracts, and full-text papers to identify and extract relevant data. Furthermore, the research team will meticulously check the bibliographic references of the selected studies and related reviews to discover any articles pertinent to this research. The primary focus of the study is to examine the prevalence and severity of PICS among critically ill patients admitted to the ICU. The additional outcomes encompass patient satisfaction and adverse effects related to the preventive intervention. The Cochrane Collaboration's risk-of-bias assessment tool will be utilized to evaluate the risk of bias in the included RCTs. To assess the efficacy of various preventative measures, traditional pairwise meta-analysis and Bayesian NMA will be used. To gauge the confidence in the evidence supporting the results, we will utilize the Confidence in NMA tool. DISCUSSION: There are multiple non-pharmacological interventions available for preventing the occurrence and development of PICS. However, most approaches have only been directly compared to standard care, lacking comprehensive evidence and clinical balance. Although the most effective care methods are still unknown, our research will provide valuable evidence for further non-pharmacological interventions and clinical practices aimed at preventing PICS. The research is expected to offer useful data to help healthcare workers and those creating guidelines decide on the most effective path of action for preventing PICS in adult ICU patients. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42023439343.