RESUMEN
The last decade has seen a paradigm shift in medical oncology treatment with the rise of novel systemic agents, principally molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy. These new groups of anti-cancer treatment have revolutionised the prognostic landscape for certain patient cohorts with advanced disease, and it is hoped that through ongoing extensive clinical research, significant survival benefits may be demonstrated in the majority of tumour types. However, radiological response assessment of these new agents has become more nuanced for radiologists, as the behaviour of both responding and progressing tumour burden can be more diverse than with conventional chemotherapy. Additionally, radiologists need to be aware of adverse events associated with these treatments as some side effects carry a high morbidity/mortality and may manifest radiologically before they become clinically apparent. This review discusses radiological response assessment and adverse events associated with these novel agents, which have become fundamental aspects of systemic oncological therapy.
Asunto(s)
Inmunoterapia/efectos adversos , Terapia Molecular Dirigida/efectos adversos , Neoplasias/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias/terapia , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Hemorragia/diagnóstico por imagen , Hemorragia/etiología , Humanos , Metástasis de la Neoplasia/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias/patología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Carga TumoralRESUMEN
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-based positron-emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) has shown great promise in prostate cancer imaging. This technique has demonstrated particular utility in the staging of high-risk primary cancer and in the localisation of recurrent disease. The use of fluorine-18 PSMA-1007 is advantageous, as it is excreted via the hepatobiliary system rather than urinary and the longer half-life of fluorine-18 compared to gallium tracers, allows for PSMA imaging in centres without a gallium generator. However, imaging with this tracer is not without flaws and areas of ambiguity remain. In this article, the biodistribution, clinical indications, and pearls of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET-CT in patients with prostate cancer will be discussed, as well as the potential pitfalls in the reporting of these studies.
Asunto(s)
Tomografía Computarizada por Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Neoplasias de la Próstata/diagnóstico por imagen , Radioisótopos de Flúor , Humanos , Masculino , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Antígeno Prostático Específico , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , RadiofármacosAsunto(s)
Betacoronavirus , Infecciones por Coronavirus , Pandemias , Neumonía Viral , COVID-19 , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2Asunto(s)
Betacoronavirus , Infecciones por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Coronavirus/terapia , Neumonía Viral/diagnóstico , Neumonía Viral/terapia , Servicio de Radiología en Hospital , Radiología/métodos , COVID-19 , Infecciones por Coronavirus/prevención & control , Humanos , Pandemias/prevención & control , Neumonía Viral/prevención & control , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare subtype of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) characterised by preferential remodelling of the pulmonary venules. Differentiation from other subtypes of PAH is essential as the management can differ significantly; for example, initiation of vasodilator therapy may cause fatal pulmonary oedema in a patient with PVOD misdiagnosed with idiopathic PAH. PVOD also carries a substantially worse prognosis. Lung biopsy is required for definitive diagnosis, but this is hazardous, and ideally, should be avoided in pulmonary hypertension. Computed tomography (CT) may suggest the diagnosis, directing the patient towards specialist review. Potential distinguishing CT features between PVOD and other subtypes of PAH include interlobular septal thickening, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, and centrilobular ground-glass opacities. No evidence-based medical therapy exists for PVOD at present and lung transplantation remains the definitive treatment for eligible patients. Therefore, early radiological identification of this challenging diagnosis facilitates timely referral for transplant.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Veno-Oclusiva Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Biopsia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , PronósticoRESUMEN
Recent trial evidence suggests that for patients suffering large-vessel occlusive stroke, endovascular therapy based on the stent-retriever technique is associated with superior clinical outcomes when compared to intravenous thrombolysis alone. The challenge now is how this service is to be delivered. This may involve both centralisation of services around large cities and development of robust networks to receive patients from district general hospitals situated further afield. Both diagnostic and interventional neuroradiology will need to expand. Furthermore, we suggest that it would be advantageous for radiology departments in those hospitals receiving hyperacute stroke patients to perform computed tomography (CT) angiography in addition to non-contrast CT, which also has implications for service delivery in these units. This could swiftly aid identification of patients who might benefit from thrombectomy and improve decision-making through demonstration of occlusive thrombus and of collateral status.