Use of Mitotic Activity and the Size of Any Dedifferentiated Component for Risk Assessment in MDM2-Amplified Liposarcoma.

CONTEXT.­: The characteristic molecular signature for both atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma and dedifferentiated liposarcoma is amplified sequences derived from chromosome 12q13-15, including MDM2 proto-oncogene (MDM2). As the progression of atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma to the more aggressive dedifferentiated liposarcoma has the potential to adversely affect patient outcomes, the extent of the latter component might be important to evaluate. OBJECTIVE.­: To investigate the correlation between clinicopathologic characteristics, including tumor size, modified Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer (FNCLCC) grade, molecular data, and outcomes in 123 surgically resected MDM2-amplified liposarcomas. DESIGN.­: Pathology reports and clinical records were reviewed. A log-rank test was used to compare the survival trends, and univariate logistic regression was performed to identify variables associated with adverse events (distant metastasis and/or death), from which the P value was derived to construct a multivariate regression model. RESULTS.­: In univariate analysis, the largest single dimension of the dedifferentiated component, the percentage of cells with gain of chromosome 12, mitotic count, and the presence of modified FNCLLC grade 3 were associated with adverse events. In multivariate analysis, the largest single dimension of the dedifferentiated component (odds ratio: 1.169; 95% CI: 1.053, 1.299; P = .003), and a higher mitotic count (odds ratio: 1.133; 95% CI: 1.037, 1.237; P = .006) were correlated with adverse events. There was no statistically significant association between current local recurrence status, overall largest tumor dimension, overall tumor volume, MDM2 copy number, or MDM2 to chromosome 12 centromere probe ratio and adverse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS.­: Staging dedifferentiated liposarcoma based on the size of the dedifferentiated component better predicts the outcome.

Bioinformatic analysis indicated that STARD4-AS1 might be a novel ferroptosis-related biomarker of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) stands as the predominant form of oral cancer, marked by a poor prognosis. Ferroptosis, a type of programmed cell death, plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of various cancers. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are prominent in modulating cancer development. Nevertheless, the prognostic significance of ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (FRLs) in OSCC remains inadequately explored. This study aims to develop a predictive signature based on FRLs to forecast the prognosis of OSCC patients. Methods: We gathered expression profiles of FRLs along with clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and FerrDb databases. A prognostic model based on 10 FRLs were constructed using Cox regression analyses with LASSO algorithms, and their predictive power was evaluated. Then, the model was used to investigate functional enrichment, immune landscape, m6A genes, somatic variations, and drug response in different risk cohorts of patients. Finally, the expression and function of STARD4-AS1 (steroidogenic acute regulator protein-related lipid transfer domain containing 4-antisense RNA 1), a potential prognostic marker for OSCC screening based on our bioinformatics analysis, were investigated in vitro. Results: We developed a signature comprising 10 FRLs to stratify patients into two risk cohorts according to their calculated risk scores. Patients classified as high-risk exhibited significantly poorer prognoses compared to those in the low-risk cohort. Furthermore, survival analysis, patient risk heat plot, and risk curve verified the accuracy of the signature. The role of this signature in OSCC was well investigated using immune microenvironment, mutational, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Moreover, seven drugs, including cisplatin and docetaxel, were identified as potential treatments for patients with high-risk cancers. In addition, the knockdown of STARD4-AS1 in OSCC cell lines markedly inhibited cell proliferation and migration and induced ferroptosis. Conclusion: Using this signature may improve overall survival predictions in OSCC, throwing new light on immunotherapies and targeted therapies. Moreover, STARD4-AS1 might regulate the process of ferroptosis and could be used as a novel biomarker of OSCC.

CSF3R mutated myeloid neoplasms: Beyond chronic neutrophilic leukemia.

CSF3R activating mutation is a genetic hallmark of chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL), and is also present in a subset of atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML), but infrequent in other myeloid neoplasms. However, the occurrence of CSF3R mutations in various myeloid neoplasms is not well studied. Here we evaluate the spectrum of CSF3R mutations and the clinicopathologic features of CSF3R mutated myeloid neoplasms. We retrospectively identified CSF3R mutations in a variety of myeloid neoplasms: two CNL, three atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML), nine acute myeloid leukemia (AML), one chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, and one myeloproliferative neoplasm. The prototypic T618I mutation was found in 50% of cases: CNL (2/2), aCML (2/3) and AML (4/9). We observed a new recurrent CSF3R mutation Q776* in 25% of cases, and a potential-germline mutation in a 20-year-old patient. Co-occurring mutations were often in epigenetic modifier and spliceosome. IDH/RUNX1 and tumor suppressor mutations were frequent in AML but absent in CNL/aCML. All CNL/aCML patients succumbed within 2-years of diagnosis. We demonstrate that CSF3R mutations are not restricted to CNL. CNL and aCML show similar clinicopathologic and molecular features, suggesting that CNL may be best classified as myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm rather than myeloproliferative neoplasm.

Blood flow regulates acvrl1 transcription via ligand-dependent Alk1 activity.

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by the development of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) that can result in significant morbidity and mortality. HHT is caused primarily by mutations in bone morphogenetic protein receptors ACVRL1/ALK1, a signaling receptor, or endoglin (ENG), an accessory receptor. Because overexpression of Acvrl1 prevents AVM development in both Acvrl1 and Eng null mice, enhancing ACVRL1 expression may be a promising approach to development of targeted therapies for HHT. Therefore, we sought to understand the molecular mechanism of ACVRL1 regulation. We previously demonstrated in zebrafish embryos that acvrl1 is predominantly expressed in arterial endothelial cells and that expression requires blood flow. Here, we document that flow dependence exhibits regional heterogeneity and that acvrl1 expression is rapidly restored after reinitiation of flow. Furthermore, we find that acvrl1 expression is significantly decreased in mutants that lack the circulating Alk1 ligand, Bmp10, and that, in the absence of flow, intravascular injection of BMP10 or the related ligand, BMP9, restores acvrl1 expression in an Alk1-dependent manner. Using a transgenic acvrl1:egfp reporter line, we find that flow and Bmp10 regulate acvrl1 at the level of transcription. Finally, we observe similar ALK1 ligand-dependent increases in ACVRL1 in human endothelial cells subjected to shear stress. These data suggest that ligand-dependent Alk1 activity acts downstream of blood flow to maintain or enhance acvrl1 expression via a positive feedback mechanism, and that ALK1 activating therapeutics may have dual functionality by increasing both ALK1 signaling flux and ACVRL1 expression.

Blood flow regulates acvrl1 transcription via ligand-dependent Alk1 activity.

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by the development of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) that can result in significant morbidity and mortality. HHT is caused primarily by mutations in bone morphogenetic protein receptors ACVRL1/ALK1, a signaling receptor, or endoglin (ENG), an accessory receptor. Because overexpression of Acvrl1 prevents AVM development in both Acvrl1 and Eng null mice, enhancing ACVRL1 expression may be a promising approach to development of targeted therapies for HHT. Therefore, we sought to understand the molecular mechanism of ACVRL1 regulation. We previously demonstrated in zebrafish embryos that acvrl1 is predominantly expressed in arterial endothelial cells and that expression requires blood flow. Here, we document that flow dependence exhibits regional heterogeneity and that acvrl1 expression is rapidly restored after reinitiation of flow. Furthermore, we find that acvrl1 expression is significantly decreased in mutants that lack the circulating Alk1 ligand, Bmp10, and that BMP10 microinjection into the vasculature in the absence of flow enhances acvrl1 expression in an Alk1-dependent manner. Using a transgenic acvrl1:egfp reporter line, we find that flow and Bmp10 regulate acvrl1 at the level of transcription. Finally, we observe similar ALK1 ligand-dependent increases in ACVRL1 in human endothelial cells subjected to shear stress. These data suggest that Bmp10 acts downstream of blood flow to maintain or enhance acvrl1 expression via a positive feedback mechanism, and that ALK1 activating therapeutics may have dual functionality by increasing both ALK1 signaling flux and ACVRL1 expression.

Clinical implications of additional chromosomal abnormalities in adult acute myeloid leukemia with inv (16)/t(16;16)/CBFB::MYH11.

OBJECTIVES: This study assesses the clinical significance of additional cytogenetic abnormalities (ACAs) and/or the deletion of 3'CBFB (3'CBFBdel) resulting in unbalanced CBFB::MYH11 fusion in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with inv (16)/t(16;16)/CBFB::MYH11. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the clinicopathologic features of 47 adult de novo AML with inv (16)/t(16;16)/CBFB::MYH11 fusion. There were 44 balanced and 3 unbalanced CBFB::MYH11 fusions. Given the low frequency of unbalanced cases, the latter group was combined with 19 published cases (N = 22) for statistic and meta-analysis. RESULTS: Both balanced and unbalanced cases were characterized by frequent ACAs (56.5% and 72.7%, respectively), with +8, +22, and del(7q) as the most frequent abnormalities. The unbalanced group tends to be younger individuals (p = .04) and is associated with a lower remission rate (p = .02), although the median overall survival (OS) was not statistically different (p = .2868). In the balanced group, "ACA" subgroup had higher mortality (p = .013) and shorter OS (p = .011), and patients with relapsed disease had a significantly shorter OS (p = .0011). Cox multivariate regression analysis confirmed that ACAs and history of disease relapse are independent risk factors, irrespective of disease relapse status. In the combined cohort, cases with ACAs had shorter OS than those with "Sole" abnormality (p = .0109). CONCLUSIONS: ACAs are independent high-risk factors in adult AML with inv (16)/t(16;16)/CBFB::MYH11 fusion and should be integrated for risk stratification in this disease. Larger studies are needed to assess the clinical significance of the unbalanced CBFB::MYH11 fusion resulting from the 3'CBFBdel.

Prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET radiomics and sarcopenia in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Oral cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the head and neck region. Approximately 90% of oral cancers are oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). 18F-FDG PET/CT has been used in OSCC patients for its high value in detecting metastatic lymph nodes and distant metastases. PET radiomics and sarcopenia can be measured on the PET and CT components of 18F-FDG PET/CT. PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of radiomics and sarcopenia measured on the PET and CT components of pre-operation 18F-FDG PET/CT in OSCC. METHODS: A total of 116 patients eventually enrolled in our study were randomly divided into two cohorts: training cohort (n = 58) and validation cohort (n = 58). The Cox model combined with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was applied to construct the radiomics score (Rad_score). The third lumber skeletal muscle index (L3 SMI) was calculated to identify sarcopenia. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify the independent prognostic factors. Based on the clinical factors, the clinical model was constructed, and the combined model was developed through the combination of the clinical model and Rad_score. C index, time-dependent C-index curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the performance of prediction models. RESULTS: Three radiomics features constitute the Rad_score for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that Rad_score was an independent prognostic factor, whereas sarcopenia was not. The combined models showed satisfactory performance in both the training cohort (C-index: OS:0.836, PFS:0.776) and the validation cohort (C-index: OS:0.744, PFS:0.712). The combined models were visualized as nomograms. Nomogram scores can realize the risk stratification of OSCC patients. Lower nomogram score is significantly related to the poorer OS (training cohort: p < 0.0001, validation cohort: p < 0.0001, overall cohort: p < 0.0001) and PFS (training cohort: p < 0.0001, validation cohort: p = 0.00017, overall cohort: p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Rad_score, but not sarcopenia, was an independent prognostic factor for patients with OSCC. The nomograms had a satisfactory performance, which might be helpful for OSCC patients and clinicians in personalized prognostic prediction and treatment decision-making.

Embryonic exposure to aluminum chloride blocks the onset of spermatogenesis through disturbing the dynamics of testicular tight junctions via upregulating Slc25a5 in offspring.

Studies have revealed neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and developmental and reproductive toxicity in mice exposed to aluminum. However, relatively few studies have been conducted to clarify the mechanism underlying the impact of embryonic exposure to aluminum on the development of the male reproductive system in offspring. Pregnant mice were administered aluminum chloride (AlCl3) by gavage from day 12.5 of gestation until birth. Our findings demonstrated that embryonic exposure to AlCl3 disrupted testicular development and spermatogenesis by impairing testicular architecture, reducing sperm count, and upregulating the expression of tight junction (TJ) protein between Sertoli cells (SCs). Further in vitro studies revealed that treatment with AlCl3 stabilized TJ proteins Occludin and ZO-1 expression by inhibiting ERK signaling pathway activation, thereby upregulating Slc25a5 expression which induced ATP production leading to disruption of cytoskeletal protein homeostasis. Therefore, the study provided a new mechanistic insight into how AlCl3 exposure interfered with testicular development and spermatogenesis while suggesting that Slc25a5 might be a target affected by AlCl3 influencing cell metabolism.

PUMA/RIP3 Mediates Chemotherapy Response via Necroptosis and Local Immune Activation in Colorectal Cancer.

Induction of programmed cell death (PCD) is a key cytotoxic effect of anticancer therapies. PCD is not confined to caspase-dependent apoptosis, but includes necroptosis, a regulated form of necrotic cell death controlled by receptor-interacting protein (RIP) kinases 1 and 3, and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) pseudokinase. Necroptosis functions as a defense mechanism against oncogenic mutations and pathogens and can be induced by a variety of anticancer agents. However, the functional role and regulatory mechanisms of necroptosis in anticancer therapy are poorly understood. In this study, we found that RIP3-dependent but RIP1-independent necroptosis is engaged by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and other widely used antimetabolite drugs, and functions as a major mode of cell death in a subset of colorectal cancer cells that express RIP3. We identified a novel 5-FU-induced necroptosis pathway involving p53-mediated induction of the BH3-only Bcl-2 family protein, p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), which promotes cytosolic release of mitochondrial DNA and stimulates its sensor z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1) to activate RIP3. PUMA/RIP3-dependent necroptosis mediates the in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of 5-FU and promotes a robust antitumor immune response. Our findings provide a rationale for stimulating necroptosis to enhance tumor cell killing and antitumor immune response leading to improved colorectal cancer treatments.

Prognostic significance of copy number gains of MYC detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization in large B-cell lymphoma.

The MYC protooncogene plays a critical role in many cellular processes. MYC translocations are recurrent in large B-cell lymphomas (LBCLs) where they exhibit a negative effect on survival. Gain of MYC copies is also frequently identified; however, there is no consensus on the frequency and prognostic significance of MYC copy gains. We collected FISH data for MYC with reflex testing for BCL2 and BCL6 and IHC results at diagnosis for a cohort of 396 de novo and transformed LBCL cases and compared progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) to determine the prognostic impact of extra MYC copies. The prevalence of cases with MYC copy number gain was 20.9%. PFS was shorter for patients with ≥5 MYC copies compared to controls (p = 0.0005, HR = 2.25). .MYC gain trended towards worse OS; patients with ≥7MYC copies had worse OS (p = 0.013), similar to patients with MYC translocations. We propose that MYC gain represents a dose-dependent prognostic factor for LBCLs.

Complete mitochondrial genome of Ctenophthalmus quadratus and Stenischia humilis in China provides insights into fleas phylogeny.

Fleas (Order Siphonaptera) are common blood-feeding ectoparasites, which have important economic significance. Limited mitochondrial genome information has impeded the study of flea biology, population genetics and phylogenetics. The Ctenophthalmus quadratus and Stenischia humilis complete mt genomes are described in this study. The samples were collected from Jianchuan, Yunnan plague foci, China. The mt genomes of C. quadratus and S. humilis were 15,938 bp and 15,617 bp, respectively. The gene arrangement of mt genome was consistent with that of other fleas, which include 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, and two rRNA genes, with a total of 37 genes. The relationship between C. quadratus and S. humilis in fleas was inferred by phylogenetic analysis of mt genome sequence datasets. Phylogenetic analyzes showed that the C. quadratus and S. humilis belonged to different species in the same family, and were closely related to Hystrichopsylla weida qinlingensis in the same family; and revealed that the family Hystrichopsyllidae is paraphyletic, supporting the monophyly of the order Siphonaptera. This study decodes the complete mt genomes of the C. quadratus and S. humilis for the first time. The results demonstrate that the C. quadratus and S. humilis are distinct species, and fleas are monophyletic. Analysis of mt genome provides novel molecular data for further studying the phylogeny and evolution of fleas.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Morishitium polonicum (Trematoda, Cyclocoelidae) and its phylogenetic implications.

Trematodes can adversely impact the health and survival of wild animals. The trematode family Cyclocoelidae, which includes large digenean bird parasites, lacks molecular analysis, and reclassifications have not been supported. This study produced the first fully assembled and annotated mitochondrial genome sequence for the trematode Morishitium polonicum. The whole length of the M. polonicum (GenBank accession number: OP930879) mitogenome is 14083 bp, containing 22 transfer ribonucleic acids (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs, rrnL and rrnS), and a noncoding control section (D-loop) 13777 to 13854 bp in length. The 12 PCG areas have 3269 codons and a total length of 10053 bp, which makes up 71.38% of the mitochondrial genome's overall sequence. Most (10/12) of the PCGs that code for proteins begin with ATG, while the nad4L and nad1 genes have a GTG start codon. Phylogenetic analysis using the concatenated nucleotide sequences of 12 PCGs, and the ML tree analysis results showed that M. polonicum is more closely related to with Echinostomatidae and Fasciolidae, which indicates that the family Cyclocoelidae is more closely associated with Echinochasmidae. This study provides mtDNA information, and analysis of mitogenomic structure and evolution. Moreover, we aimed to understand the phylogenetic relationships of this fluke.

Lifestyle interventions to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes in women at high risk for gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To examine the effects of lifestyle interventions, including dietary guidance, health education and weight management, on pregnancy outcomes in women at high risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: Our study included 251 women at high risk of GDM and 128 randomized to lifestyle interventions (dietary guidance, health education, and weight management); One hundred and twenty-three people were randomly assigned to a control group (regular pregnancy check-ups). Counts between groups were compared using either chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Results: Compared with the control group, the risk of GDM was reduced by 46.9% (16.4% vs 30.9%, P = 0.007) and the risk of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) was reduced by 74.2% (2.3% vs 8.9%, P = 0.034) in the intervention group. There were no significant differences in macrosomia, cesarean section, or preterm birth (P >0.05). Conclusion: The lifestyle intervention in this study helped pregnant women to better understand knowledge related to pregnancy, reduce stress and anxiety, and increase intake of adequate prenatal nutrition. This intervention prevented metabolic abnormalities that may occur due to inadequate nutrient intake during pregnancy. In addition, it helped women to control weight gain, maintain appropriate weight gain during pregnancy, and reduce the risk of excessive or insufficient weight gain, ultimately lowering the incidence of GDM and PIH. This highlights the importance of early screening and intervention for high-risk pregnant women. Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2300073766.

Analysis of complete mitogenomes and phylogenetic relationships of Frontopsylla spadix and Neopsylla specialis.

Fleas represent a group of paramount medical significance, subsisting on blood and acting as vectors for an array of naturally occurring diseases. These pathogens constitute essential elements within the plague biome, exerting deleterious effects on both human and livestock health. In this study, we successfully assembled and sequenced the whole mitochondrial genome of Frontopsylla spadix and Neopsylla specialis using long-range PCR and next-generation sequencing technologies. The mitogenomes of F. spadix and N. specialis both have 37 genes with full lengths of 15,085 bp and 16,820 bp, respectively. The topology of the phylogenetic tree elucidates that species F. spadix is clustered in a branch alongside other members of the family Leptopsyllidae, whereas species N. specialis is a sister taxon to Dorcadia ioffi and Hystrichopsylla weida qinlingensis. It also suggests that Pulicidae form a monophyletic clade, Ctenopthalmidae, Hystrichopsyllidae, Vermipsyllidae form a sister group to Ceratophyllidae/Leptopsyllidae group. The mitochondrial genomes of F. spadix and N. specialis were sequenced for the first time, which will contribute to a more comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Siphonaptera order. The foundation for subsequent systematic studies, and molecular biology of fleas was established.

ROS1 Alterations as a Potential Driver of Gliomas in Infant, Pediatric, and Adult Patients.

Gliomas harboring oncogenic ROS1 alterations are uncommon and primarily described in infants. Our goal was to characterize the clinicopathological features and molecular signatures of the full spectrum of ROS1 fusion-positive gliomas across all age groups. Through a retrospective multi-institutional collaboration, we report a collection of unpublished ROS1 fusion gliomas along with the characterization and meta-analysis of new and published cases. A cohort of 32 new and 58 published cases was divided into the following 3 age groups: 19 infants, 40 pediatric patients, and 31 adults with gliomas. Tumors in infants and adults showed uniformly high-grade morphology; however, tumors in pediatric patients exhibited diverse histologic features. The GOPC::ROS1 fusion was prevalent (61/79, 77%) across all age groups, and 10 other partner genes were identified. Adult tumors showed recurrent genomic alterations characteristic of IDH wild-type glioblastoma, including the +7/-10/CDKN2A deletion; amplification of CDK4, MDM2, and PDGFRA genes; and mutations involving TERTp, TP53, PIK3R1, PIK3CA, PTEN, and NF1 genes. Infant tumors showed few genomic alterations, whereas pediatric tumors showed moderate genomic complexity. The outcomes were significantly poorer in adult patients. Although not statistically significant, tumors in infant and pediatric patients with high-grade histology and in hemispheric locations appeared more aggressive than tumors with lower grade histology or those in nonhemispheric locations. In conclusion, this study is the largest to date to characterize the clinicopathological and molecular signatures of ROS1 fusion-positive gliomas from infant, pediatric, and adult patients. We conclude that ROS1 likely acts as a driver in infant and pediatric gliomas and as a driver or codriver in adult gliomas. Integrated comprehensive clinical testing might be helpful in identifying such patients for possible targeted therapy.

Spontaneous movement of a retrotransposon generated genic dominant male sterility providing a useful tool for rice breeding.

Male sterility in plants provides valuable breeding tools in germplasm innovation and hybrid crop production. However, genetic resources for dominant genic male sterility, which hold great promise to facilitate breeding processes, are extremely rare in natural germplasm. Here we characterized the Sanming Dominant Genic Male Sterility in rice and identified the gene SDGMS using a map-based cloning approach. We found that spontaneous movement of a 1978-bp long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon into the promoter region of the SDGMS gene activates its expression in anther tapetum, which causes abnormal programmed cell death of tapetal cells resulting in dominant male sterility. SDGMS encodes a ribosome inactivating protein showing N-glycosidase activity. The activation of SDGMS triggers transcription reprogramming of genes responsive to biotic stress leading to a hypersensitive response which causes sterility. The results demonstrate that an ectopic gene activation by transposon movement can give birth to a novel trait which enriches phenotypic diversity with practical utility.

Complete mitogenomes characterization and phylogenetic analyses of Ceratophyllus anisus and Leptopsylla segnis.

Fleas are one of the most common ectoparasites in warm-blooded mammals and an important vector of zoonotic diseases with serious medical implications. We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes of Ceratophyllus anisus and Leptopsylla segnis for the first time using high-throughput sequencing and constructed phylogenetic relationships. We obtained double-stranded circular molecules of lengths 15,875 and 15,785 bp, respectively, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs, and two control regions. AT-skew was negative in both C. anisus (-0.022) and L. segnis (-0.231), while GC-skew was positive in both (0.024/0.248), which produced significant differences in codon usage and amino acid composition. Thirteen PCGs encoding 3,617 and 3,711 codons, respectively, isoleucine and phenylalanine were used most frequently. The tRNA genes all form a typical secondary structure. Construction of phylogenetic trees based on Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods for PCGs. The results of this study provide new information for the mitochondrial genome database of fleas and support further taxonomic studies and population genetics of fleas.

Solasonine Inhibits Cancer Stemness and Metastasis by Modulating Glucose Metabolism via Wnt/ß-Catenin/Snail Pathway in Osteosarcoma.

Solasonine (SS) is a natural glycoalkaloid compound that has been reported to possess a significant anticancer function. However, its anticancer effects and related mechanisms in osteosarcoma (OS) have not been studied. This study sought to investigate the impact of SS on the growth of OS cells. OS cells were treated with different concentrations of SS for 24[Formula: see text]h, and the results showed that SS attenuated the survival of OS cells in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, SS suppressed cancer stem-like properties and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by inhibiting aerobic glycolysis in OS cells in an ALDOA-dependent manner. Additionally, SS reduced the levels of Wnt3a, [Formula: see text]-catenin, and Snail in OS cells in vitro. Furthermore, Wnt3a activation reversed the SS-induced inhibition of glycolysis in OS cells. Collectively, this study discovered a novel effect of SS in inhibiting aerobic glycolysis, in addition to cancer stem-like features and EMT, implying that SS could be a therapeutic candidate for OS treatment.

Enhancer Coamplification and Hijacking Promote Oncogene Expression in Liposarcoma.

SIGNIFICANCE: Comprehensive profiling of the enhancer landscape and 3D genome structure in liposarcoma identifies extensive enhancer-oncogene coamplification and enhancer hijacking events, deepening the understanding of how oncogenes are regulated in cancer.