High Hydrostatic Pressure Exacerbates Bladder Fibrosis through Activating Piezo1.

OBJECTIVE: Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) results in significant fibrosis in the chronic stage and elevated bladder pressure. Piezo1 is a type of mechanosensitive (MS) channel that directly responds to mechanical stimuli. To identify new targets for intervention in the treatment of BOO-induced fibrosis, this study investigated the impact of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on Piezo1 activity and the progression of bladder fibrosis. METHODS: Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to assess the protein abundance of Piezo1 in fibroblasts from obstructed rat bladders. Bladder fibroblasts were cultured under normal atmospheric conditions (0 cmH2O) or exposed to HHP (50 cmH2O or 100 cmH2O). Agonists or inhibitors of Piezo1, YAP1, and ROCK1 were used to determine the underlying mechanism. RESULTS: The Piezo1 protein levels in fibroblasts from the obstructed bladder exhibited an elevation compared to the control group. HHP significantly promoted the expression of various pro-fibrotic factors and induced proliferation of fibroblasts. Additionally, the protein expression levels of Piezo1, YAP1, ROCK1 were elevated, and calcium influx was increased as the pressure increased. These effects were attenuated by the Piezo1 inhibitor Dooku1. The Piezo1 activator Yoda1 induced the expression of pro-fibrotic factors and the proliferation of fibroblasts, and elevated the protein levels of YAP1 and ROCK1 under normal atmospheric conditions in vitro. However, these effects could be partially inhibited by YAP1 or ROCK inhibitors. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that HHP may exacerbate bladder fibrosis through activating Piezo1.

The effect of stretching exercises before orthotic treatment on the immediate in-orthosis correction of the patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Stretching exercise is generally used for improving flexibility. However, its application to promote orthotic treatment for patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: This study was to explore the effect of pre-orthosis stretching exercises on spinal flexibility and initial in-orthosis correction for the patients with AIS. STUDY DESIGN: A pilot-controlled study. METHODS: An experimental group (EG) of 13 subjects (10 girls and 3 boys) with AIS allocating to self-stretching exercises and a control group (CG) of 19 AIS subjects (14 girls and 5 boys) with no stretching before orthosis fitting were recruited. The spinal flexibility of the EG was evaluated with an ultrasound imaging system and physical measurements. The initial in-orthosis correction rates between the 2 groups were compared with the independent t test, and the correlation analysis between the spinal flexibility measured from ultrasound images and physical measurement was performed with the Pearson correlation test. RESULTS: The initial Cobb angle of EG and CG were 25.70° ± 7.30° and 28.09° ± 5.58°, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the initial in-orthosis Cobb angle of EG (11.13° ± 6.80°) and CG (15.65° ± 9.10°) (p = 0.06). However, the spinal flexibility after stretching exercises was improved (p < 0.001), and the spinal flexibility changes measured with ultrasound and physical forward-bending method were significantly correlated (r = 0.57, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Stretching exercises before orthotic treatment could improve the spinal flexibility but did not cause a better in-orthosis correction. A study with a larger sample size and longer follow-up period should be conducted to investigate the long-term effect of stretching exercises.

High-Resolution Imaging Study on Photodissociation of OCS+ [A2ΠΩ=1/2,3/2 (ν1 0 ν3)].

The development of the velocity map ion imaging (VMI) technique has greatly advanced the study of photodissociation dynamics. The high-resolution imaging study of the photodissociation allows for the acquisition of precise and detailed information on the fragments. This information can further provide more insight into the energy partition and potential pathways involved in the photodissociation process. In this study, we report the investigation on the photodissociation of OCS+ via the A2ΠΩ=1/2,3/2 states following the excitation of A2Π (ν1 0 ν3) ← X2Π (0 0 0) by using time-sliced VMI techniques in the ultraviolet region. Our investigation revealed significant mode-dependent recoil anisotropies and branching ratios of two product channels for both Ω = 1/2 and Ω = 3/2. The photolysis products also exhibited dramatic deviation in angular distributions and generally comparable kinetic energy distributions following the excitation to the same vibrational modes of A2ΠΩ states with two separate spin-orbit components. According to the observation in this study and previously reported photodissociation mechanisms of the OCS+ cations, the decay from the A2Π3/2 state was more likely via the internal conversion to high rovibrational states of the X2Π state, in comparison to the A2Π1/2 state.

High-Resolution Crossed-Beam Dynamics Studies of the D + Para-H2 → HD + H Reaction at 1.21 eV.

Understanding kinetic isotope effects is important in the study of the reaction dynamics of elementary chemical reactions, particularly those involving hydrogen atoms and molecules. As one of the isotopic variants of the hydrogen exchange reaction, the D + para-H2 reaction has attracted much attention. However, experimental studies of this reaction have been limited primarily due to its strong experimental background noise. In this study, by using the velocity map ion imaging method and the near-threshold ionization technique, together with improvements on the vacuum condition in the vicinity of the collision zone, background noise was reduced significantly, and quantum state-resolved differential cross sections (DCSs) for the D + para-H2 reaction at a collision energy of 1.21 eV were acquired in a crossed molecular beams experiment. Interestingly, clear rotational state-dependent angular distributions were noticed in the quantum state-resolved DCSs. The most intense peak's positions for HD (v', j') products shift to different scattering directions as the product's ro-vibrational quantum number increases. Two different microscopic reaction mechanisms are found to be involved in this reaction for HD products in different vibrational states. The results show a direct correlation between the scattering angle and the product's rotational quantum number, revealing that the contributions of impact parameters are strongly influenced by the corresponding centrifugal barrier.

Porous High-Entropy Oxide Anode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries: Preparation, Characterization, and Applications.

High-entropy oxides (HEOs), as a new type of single-phase solid solution with a multi-component design, have shown great potential when they are used as anodes in lithium-ion batteries due to four kinds of effects (thermodynamic high-entropy effect, the structural lattice distortion effect, the kinetic slow diffusion effect, and the electrochemical "cocktail effect"), leading to excellent cycling stability. Although the number of articles on the study of HEO materials has increased significantly, the latest research progress in porous HEO materials in the lithium-ion battery field has not been systematically summarized. This review outlines the progress made in recent years in the design, synthesis, and characterization of porous HEOs and focuses on phase transitions during the cycling process, the role of individual elements, and the lithium storage mechanisms disclosed through some advanced characterization techniques. Finally, the future outlook of HEOs in the energy storage field is presented, providing some guidance for researchers to further improve the design of porous HEOs.

Diagnostic performance of a multiplexed gastrointestinal PCR panel for identifying diarrheal pathogens in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant.

BACKGROUND: Diarrhea is a common complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and is associated with substantial morbidity, but its etiology is often unknown. Etiologies of diarrhea in this population include infectious causes, chemotherapy- or medication-induced mucosal injury and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Distinguishing these potential causes of diarrhea is challenging since diarrheal symptoms are often multifactorial, and the etiologies often overlap in transplant patients. The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether the FilmArray gastrointestinal (GI) panel would increase diagnostic yield and the degree to which pre-transplantation colonization predicts post-transplantation infection. METHODS: From November 2019 to February 2021, a total of 158 patients undergoing HSCT were prospectively included in the study. Stool specimens were obtained from all HSCT recipients prior to conditioning therapy, 28 ± 7 days after transplantation and at any new episode of diarrhea. All stool samples were tested by the FilmArray GI panel and other clinical microbiological assays. RESULTS: The primary cause of post-transplantation diarrhea was infection (57/84, 67.86%), followed by medication (38/84, 45.24%) and GVHD (21/84, 25.00%). Ninety-five of 158 patients were colonized with at least one gastrointestinal pathogen before conditioning therapy, and the incidence of infectious diarrhea was significantly higher in colonized patients (47/95, 49.47%) than in non-colonized patients (10/63, 15.87%) (P < 0.001). Fourteen of 19 (73.68%) patients who were initially colonized with norovirus pre-transplantation developed a post-transplantation norovirus infection. Twenty-four of 62 (38.71%) patients colonized with Clostridium difficile developed a diarrheal infection. In addition, FilmArray GI panel testing improved the diagnostic yield by almost twofold in our study (55/92, 59.78% vs. 30/92, 32.61%). CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that more than half of pediatric patients who were admitted for HSCT were colonized with various gastrointestinal pathogens, and more than one-third of these pathogens were associated with post-transplantation diarrhea. In addition, the FilmArray GI panel can increase the detection rate of diarrheal pathogens in pediatric HSCT patients, but the panel needs to be optimized for pathogen species, and further studies assessing its clinical impact and cost-effectiveness in this specific patient population are also needed.

[Establish a Graded Method to Avoid HLA Class I Antibodies Corresponding Antigen and Combining HLAMatchmaker Application in Improving the CCI Value after Platelet Transfusion for Patients with IPTR].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a graded method to avoid mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) threshold of HLA Class I antibodies corresponding antigen, and the HLAMatchmaker program has been used to select the minimum mismatch value of donor-patient epitopes. Evaluate the application value of combining both methods in selecting HLA compatible platelets (PTL) for patients with immune platelet transfusion failure (IPTR) in improving platelet the corrected count increment (CCI). METHODS: A total 7 807 PLT cross-matching compatible were performed by the solid-phase red cell adherence (SPRCA) method for 51 IPTR patients. The Luminex single antigen flow cytometry was used to detect HLA Class I antibodies in patients, and detected the MFI value for different specificity antigens of HLA Class I antibodies, was graded into strong positive group (MFI>4 000, level 1), medium positive group (1 000< MFI≤4 000, 2), weak positive group (500< MFI≤1 000, 3), and one negative control group (MFI≤500). The results of 7 807 SPRCA their negative/positive reaction wells were enrolled and statistically analyzed in different grades and the four groups, the statistical differences between the four groups were compared. Multiple applications for the select HLA Class I compatible donor events were made for patients in two cases, and HLAMatchmaker program was used to calculate the number of HLA Class I epitopes mismatches between the donors and patients. The donor with the minimum number of epitopes mismatches was selected, while avoiding the corresponding antigens of HLA Class I antibodies in levels 1 and 2, the provision of HLA compatible platelets for IPTR. After the transfusions, the CCI value of the platelet transfusion efficacy evaluation index was calculated, and the clinical evaluation of the transfusion effect was obtained through statistical analysis. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in the positive results of SPRCA immunoassay among the strong positive group, medium positive group, and weak positive group of 51 IPTR patients with different specific of HLA -I class antibodies and corresponding antigens(all P <0.001). The positive results showed a range from high to low, with strong positive group>medium positive group>weak positive group. There were a statistical difference among between the strongly positive or moderately positive groups and the negative control group(P <0.001). There was no statistical difference between the weakly positive group and the negative control group(P >0.05). The strong positive group was set as the corresponding specific HLA Class I site corresponding antigen grade 1 avoidance threshold, the medium positive group as the grade 2 avoidance thresholds, and the weak positive group as the grade 3 avoidance threshold. In the case of donor platelet shortage, it is not necessary to avoid the weak positive group. Avoiding the strategy of donor antigens and HLAMatchmaker program scores ≤7 corresponding to HLA Class I antibodies of levels 1 and 2, with CCI values>4.5×109/L within 24 hours, can obtain effective clinical platelet transfusion conclusions. CONCLUSION: When selecting HLA Class I compatible donors for IPTR patients, the grading avoids HLA Class I antibodies corresponding to donor antigens, and the donor selection strategy with the minimum scores of HLAMatchmaker program is comprehensively selected. The negative result confirmed by platelet cross-matching experiments has certain practical application value for improving platelet count in IPTR patients.

Study on the macro-micro evolution of compaction characteristics of coal gangue with different grain sizes under side-limit compression conditions.

Currently the main method of mine solid waste disposal and utilization is to apply gangue to underground filling. For the grading characteristics of coal gangue in the hollow zone in underground filling, the state of pressure and the mechanical properties of coal gangue filling materials under different particle sizes. In this paper, through laboratory tests and numerical simulations, the bearing characteristics and deformation damage of gangue are deeply investigated and analyzed from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives. The results of the study show that when the axial pressure reaches a certain threshold, the strain increases accordingly with the increase in grain size. Under the axial pressure condition of 15MPa, the bearing capacity of gangue with different grain sizes under the lateral pressure of steel cylinder showed obvious positive correlation. In the software PFC3D simulation, as the particle size of gangue particles increases, it has a significant effect on the natural stacking porosity of the specimen, and gangue particles are more prone to force chain instability and failure. Mixed particle size gangue can significantly reduce the natural accumulation porosity of the specimen, thus improving its overall stability. Significant displacement triangles existed in the top and lateral directions of the B1 (0-5 mm), B2 (5-10 mm), and B5 (0-20 mm) specimens under the same circumferential pressure conditions. The results of the study are of great significance for further selection of reasonable gangue gradation and determination of its mechanical properties.

Vibrational state-specific nonadiabatic photodissociation dynamics of OCS+ via A2Π1/2 (ν1 0 ν3) states.

The identification and analysis of quantum state-specific effects can significantly deepen our understanding of detailed photodissociation dynamics. Here, we report an experimental investigation on the vibrational state-mediated photodissociation of the OCS+ cation via the A2Π1/2 (ν1 0 ν3) states by using the velocity map ion imaging technique over the photolysis wavelength range of 263-294 nm. It was found that the electronically excited S+ product channel S+(2Du) + CO (X1Σ+) was significantly enhanced when the ν1 and ν3 vibrational modes were excited. Clear deviations in the branching ratios of the electronically excited S+ channel were observed when the vibrational modes ν1 and ν3 were selectively excited. The results reveal that vibrationally excited states play a vital role in influencing the nonadiabatic couplings in the photodissociation process.

Lymphocyte and neutrophil count combined with intestinal bacteria abundance predict the severity of COVID-19.

IMPORTANCE: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients had a unique profile of gut bacteria. In this study, we characterized the intestinal bacteria in our COVID-19 cohorts and found that there was an increased incidence of severe cases in COVID-19 patients with decreased lymphocytes and increased neutrophils. Levels of lymphocytes and neutrophils and abundances of intestinal bacteria correlated with the severity of COVID-19.

High-quality haplotype-resolved genome assembly for ring-cup oak (Quercus glauca) provides insight into oaks demographic dynamics.

Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis represents a dominant woody lineage in East Asian evergreen broadleaved forests. Regardless of its ecological and economic importance, little is known about the genomes of species in this unique oak lineage. Quercus glauca is one of the most widespread tree species in the section Cyclobalanopsis. In this study, a high-quality haplotype-resolved reference genome was assembled for Q. glauca from PacBio HiFi and Hi-C reads. The genome size, contig N50, and scaffold N50 measured 902.88, 7.60, and 69.28 Mb, respectively, for haplotype1, and 913.28, 7.20, and 71.53 Mb, respectively, for haplotype2. A total of 37,457 and 38,311 protein-coding genes were predicted in haplotype1 and haplotype2, respectively. Homologous chromosomes in the Q. glauca genome had excellent gene pair collinearity. The number of R-genes in Q. glauca was similar to most East Asian oaks but less than oak species from Europe and America. Abundant structural variation in the Q. glauca genome could contribute to environmental stress tolerance in Q. glauca. Sections Cyclobalanopsis and Cerris diverged in the Oligocene, in agreement with fossil records for section Cyclobalanopsis, which document its presence in East Asia since the early Miocene. The demographic dynamics of closely related oak species were largely similar. The high-quality reference genome provided here for the most widespread species in section Cyclobalanopsis will serve as an essential genomic resource for evolutionary studies of key oak lineages while also supporting studies of interspecific introgression, local adaptation, and speciation in oaks.

Associations between spinal flexibility and bracing outcomes in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a literature review.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the existing assessment methods used to measure the spinal flexibility of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis before bracing and to evaluate the predictive effect of spinal flexibility on bracing outcomes. METHODS: A broad literature search was performed in the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases to obtain relevant information about spinal flexibility and bracing outcomes. All literature was retrieved by October 14, 2023. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were meticulously determined. The quality of each included study and the level of evidence were evaluated by the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) method and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system, respectively. RESULTS: After screening 1863 articles retrieved from databases, a total of 14 studies with 2261 subjects were eligible for the final analysis in this review. Overall, nine methods of flexibility assessment were identified, including supine radiographs, supine lateral bending radiographs, lateral bending radiographs but without clear positions, hanging radiographs, fulcrum bending physical method, and ultrasound imaging in the positions of supine, prone, sitting with side bending and prone with side bending. In addition, five studies demonstrated that flexibility had a strong correlation with in-brace correction, and eleven studies illustrated that spinal flexibility was a predictive factor of the bracing outcomes of initial in-brace Cobb angle, initial in-brace correction rate, curve progression, and curve regression. The results of GRADE demonstrated a moderate-evidence rating for the predictive value of spinal flexibility. CONCLUSION: Supine radiography was the most prevalent method for measuring spinal flexibility at the pre-brace stage. Spinal flexibility was strongly correlated with the in-brace Cobb angle or correction rate, and moderate evidence supported that spinal flexibility could predict bracing outcomes.

[Characteristic changes of blood stasis syndrome in rat model of steroid-induced femoral head necrosis based on the combination of disease, syndrome, and symptom].

The approach combining disease, syndrome, and symptom was employed to investigate the characteristic changes of blood stasis syndrome in a rat model of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head(SONFH) during disease onset and progression. Seventy-two male SD rats were randomized into a healthy control group and a model group. The rat model of SONFH was established by injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in the tail vein at a dose of 20 µg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) on days 1 and 2 and gluteal intramuscular injection of methylprednisolone sodium succinate(MPS) at a dose of 40 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) on days 3-5, while the healthy control group received an equal volume of saline. The mechanical pain test, tongue color RGB technique, gait detection, open field test, and inclined plane test were employed to assess hip pain, tongue color, limping, joint activity, and lower limb strength, respectively, at different time points within 21 weeks of modeling. At weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 21 after modeling, histopathological changes of the femoral head were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining and micro-CT scanning; four coagulation items were measured by rotational thromboelastometry; and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was employed to determine the levels of six blood lipids, vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), endothelin-1(ET-1), nitric oxide(NO), tissue-type plasminogen activator(t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor factor-1(PAI-1), bone gla protein(BGP), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB(RANKL), osteoprotegerin(OPG), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b(TRAP5b) in the serum, as well as the levels of 6-keto-prostaglandin 1α(6-keto-PGF1α) and thromboxane B2(TXB2) in the plasma. The results demonstrated that the pathological alterations in the SONFH rats were severer over time. The bone trabecular area ratio, adipocyte number, empty lacuna rate, bone mineral density(BMD), bone volume/tissue volume(BV/TV), trabecular thickness(Tb.Th), trabecular number(Tb.N), bone surface area/bone volume(BS/BV), and trabecular separation(Tb.Sp) all significantly increased or decreased over the modeling time after week 4. Compared with the healthy control group, the mechanical pain threshold, gait swing speed, stride, standing time, and walking cycle of SONFH rats changed significantly within 21 weeks after modeling, with the greatest difference observed 12 weeks after modeling. The time spent in the central zone, rearing score, and maximum tilt angle in the open field test of SONFH rats also changed significantly over the modeling time. Compared with the healthy control group, the R, G, and B values of the tongue color of the model rats decreased significantly, with the greatest difference observed 11 weeks after modeling. The levels of total cholesterol(TC), total triglycerides(TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C), and apoprotein B(ApoB) in the SONFH rats changed significantly 4 and 8 weeks after modeling. The levels of VEGF, ET-1, NO, t-PA, PAI-1, 6-keto-PGF1α, TXB2, four coagulation items, and TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio in the serum of SONFH rats changed significantly 4-16 weeks after modeling, with the greatest differences observed 12 weeks after modeling. The levels of BGP, TRAP5b, RANKL, OPG, and RANKL/OPG ratio in the serum of SONFH rats changed significantly 8-21 weeks after modeling. During the entire onset and progression of SONFH in rats, the blood stasis syndrome characteristics such as hyperalgesia, tongue color darkening, gait abnormalities, platelet, vascular, and coagulation dysfunctions were observed, which gradually worsened and then gradually alleviated in the disease course(2-21 weeks), with the most notable differences occurred around 12 weeks after modeling.

Cu and Ni Co-Doped Porous Si Nanowire Networks as High-Performance Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Due to its extremely high theoretical mass specific capacity, silicon is considered to be the most promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, serious volume expansion and poor conductivity limit its commercial application. Herein, dealloying treatments of spray dryed Al-Si-Cu-Ni particles are performed to obtain a Cu/Ni co-doped Si-based anode material with a porous nanowire network structure. The porous structure enables the material to adapt to the volume changes in the cycle process. Moreover, the density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the co-doping of Cu and Ni can improve the capture ability towards Li, which can accelerate the electron migration rate of the material. Based on the above advantages, the as-prepared material presents excellent electrochemical performance, delivering a reversible capacity of 1092.4 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA g-1. Even after 500 cycles, it still retains 818.7 mAh g-1 at 500 mA g-1. This study is expected to provide ideas for the preparation and optimization of Si-based anodes with good electrochemical performance.

Research advance on cold tolerance in chrysanthemum.

Chrysanthemums are one of the top ten most well-known traditional famous flowers in China and one of the top four cut flowers worldwide, holding a significant position in landscape gardening. The cold temperatures of winter restrict the cultivation, introduction, and application of chrysanthemum, resulting in high costs for year-round production. This severely impacts the ornamental and economic value of chrysanthemum. Therefore, research on cold tolerance is of vital importance for guiding chrysanthemum production and application. With the development of genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and other omics approaches, along with high-throughput molecular marker technologies, research on chrysanthemum cold tolerance has been continuously advancing. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the progress in cold tolerance research from various aspects, including chrysanthemum phenotype, physiological mechanisms, the forward genetics, molecular mechanisms, and breeding. The aim is to offer insights into the mechanisms of cold tolerance in chrysanthemum and provide reference for in-depth research and the development of new cold tolerance chrysanthemum varieties.

Study on roof movement law of local filling mining under peak cluster landform.

The strip structure filling mining technology is suggested in response to the environmental issues such as surface subsidence and landslides brought on by the mining of 11,071 working faces in a mine in Guizhou. The mining technology system is studied through indoor testing, numerical simulation, and engineering monitoring. According to theoretical study, the filling strip can be steadily loaded and its value doesn't exceed 10 m when the width of the filling strip and the width of the filling interval are set to be equal. According to laboratory testing, fly ash can replace some of the cement in the cement mixture as a binder to maintain strength while cutting costs. The degree of crystallization gradually distributed into the network in the filling paste of various ages corresponds to its strength when combined with the findings of scanning electron microscopy; The numerical simulation results show that the maximum subsidence of the immediate roof is reduced from 340 to 3 mm from the filling rate of 0 to 100%, the filling effect is remarkable, and the shape of the settlement curve is changed from 'U' to 'basin', then to 'W'; during the local filling mining, the settlement curve of the immediate roof presents a 'wave' shape, and the stress curve of the immediate roof in the middle of the stope is also changed. The peak tension of the coal wall falls synchronously with filling spacing on both sides of the stope. The overall vertical stress below the mountain is larger, and the vertical stress at the top of the filling body eventually shifts from a "saddle" shape to a "inverted U" shape without zero support stress. In conjunction with the plastic zone, it is discovered that the stable bearing of the "filling strip-direct roof" composite structure increases with decreasing tensile and shear damage range of the hollow roof area and both sides of the top of the "filling 3 m interval 3 m" scheme; engineering measurement also reveals that the higher the position of the survey line is, the smaller the displacement is. However, the overall displacement of the strata directly above is negligible, and the greatest displacement is only 10.9 mm, which is consistent with the numerical simulation. At the same time, the displacement beneath the mountain area is too great.

CFD Modeling of Primary Breakup in an EIGA Atomizer for Titanium Alloy Powder Production.

Electrode induction melting gas atomization (EIGA) technology is a commonly used and effective method for producing spherical metal powders in additive manufacturing. In this paper, we aim to describe the atomization and fragmentation of liquid sheets from a typical swirl nozzle and highlight the primary breakup of titanium alloy powder production. We developed a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach to simulate the primary disintegration process of the molten metal using the volume of fluid (VOF) method coupled with the large eddy simulation turbulence model (LES). Our numerical results show that high-speed spraying creates supersonic airflow in the atomization chamber. Recirculation is the main area where primary atomization occurs. The formation of the recirculation zone is the direct driving force that allows atomization to proceed, which will increase turbulence intensity and achieve higher atomization efficiency. VOF-LES simulation can capture some qualitative results such as conical melt-sheet shape, wave formation, ligament formation, and perforation formation. The primary droplet size mainly ranges between 200 and 800 µm. Finally, with increasing gas pressure, the particle size of the atomized powder gradually decreases, and the particle size distribution becomes narrower.

Current Achievements and Future Prospects in Virus Elimination Technology for Functional Chrysanthemum.

Chrysanthemum is an important functional plant that is used for food, medicine and tea. Functional chrysanthemums become infected with viruses all around the world, seriously lowering their quality and yield. Viral infection has become an important limiting factor in chrysanthemum production. Functional chrysanthemum is often propagated asexually by cutting during production, and viral infection of seedlings is becoming increasingly serious. Chrysanthemums can be infected by a variety of viruses causing different symptoms. With the development of biotechnology, virus detection and virus-free technologies for chrysanthemum seedlings are becoming increasingly effective. In this study, the common virus species, virus detection methods and virus-free technology of chrysanthemum infection are reviewed to provide a theoretical basis for virus prevention, treatment and elimination in functional chrysanthemum.

Noninvasive early differential diagnosis and progression monitoring of ovarian cancer using the copy number alterations of plasma cell-free DNA.

Ovarian cancer (OV) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy and requires improved early detection methods and more effective intervention to achieve a better prognosis. The lack of sensitive and noninvasive biomarkers with clinical utility remains a challenge. Here, we conducted a genome-wide copy number variation (CNV) profiling analysis using low-coverage whole genome sequencing (LC-WGS) of plasma cfDNA in patients with nonmalignant and malignant ovarian tumors and identified 10 malignancy-specific and 12 late-stage-specific CNV markers from plasma cfDNA LC-WGS data. Concordance analysis indicated a significant correlation of identified CNV markers between CNV profiles of plasma cfDNA and tissue DNA (Pearson's r = 0.64, P = 0.006 for the TCGA cohort and r = 0.51, P = 0.04 for the Dariush cohort). By leveraging these specific CNV markers and machine learning algorithms, we developed robust predictive models showing excellent performance in distinguishing between malignant and nonmalignant ovarian tumors with F1-scores of 0.90 and ranging from 0.75 to 0.99, and prediction accuracy of 0.89 and ranging from 0.66 to 0.98, respectively, as well as between early- and late-stage ovarian tumors with F1-scores of 0.84 and ranging from 0.61 to 1.00, and prediction accuracy of 0.82 and ranging from 0.63 to 0.96 in our institute cohort and other external validation cohorts. Furthermore, we also discovered and validated certain CNV features associated with survival outcomes and platinum-based chemotherapy response in multicenter cohorts. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the clinical utility of CNV profiling in plasma cfDNA using LC-WGS as a cost-effective and accessible liquid biopsy for OV.

Cold tolerance identification of nine Rosa L. materials and expression patterns of genes related to cold tolerance in Rosa hybrida.

Members of the Rosa genus have a high ornamental value, but their cultivation area is limited by their sensitivity to cold temperatures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cold tolerance of a range of Rosa materials, and then determine which genes were related to cold tolerance. Nine Rosa materials were subjected to a cold treatment. To identify genes related to cold tolerance, R. hybrida was treated at -15°C for 10 min, and leaves collected before and after this treatment were collected for RNA-Seq analyses. The transcript profiles of four DEGs (POD17, NDUFA9, PMA1, and b-Amy1) in R. hybrida were determined by qRT-PCR at 0 h, 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h at -15°C. Nine Rosa materials were subjected to a cold treatment, and the most cold-tolerant materials were identified as those that showed the lowest levels of electrolyte leakage and the best recovery after 30 d of growth. The most cold-tolerant materials were Rosa hybrida, Rosa rugosa 'Pingyin 12', and Rosa rugosa. In total, 204 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 88 were significantly up-regulated and 116 were significantly down-regulated under cold conditions. Gene Ontology classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses showed that the DEGs were enriched in 57 pathways, especially starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropane biosynthesis, MAPK signaling, fructose and mannose metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation. By transcriptional analysis, PMA1, which was related to H+ ATPase activity, was continuously up-regulated, but the transcript levels of POD17, NDUFA9, and ß-Amy1 fluctuated during the freezing treatment. This research uncovered scarce cold-resistant materials and layed the foundation for further research on the cold tolerance mechanism of Rosa plants and the breeding of cold-tolerant varieties.