RESUMEN
The supermoiré lattice, built by stacking two moiré patterns, provides a platform for creating flat mini-bands and studying electron correlations. An ultimate challenge in assembling a graphene supermoiré lattice is in the deterministic control of its rotational alignment, which is made highly aleatory due to the random nature of the edge chirality and crystal symmetry. Employing the so-called "golden rule of three", here we present an experimental strategy to overcome this challenge and realize the controlled alignment of double-aligned hBN/graphene/hBN supermoiré lattice, where the twist angles between graphene and top/bottom hBN are both close to zero. Remarkably, we find that the crystallographic edge of neighboring graphite can be used to better guide the stacking alignment, as demonstrated by the controlled production of 20 moiré samples with an accuracy better than ~ 0.2°. Finally, we extend our technique to low-angle twisted bilayer graphene and ABC-stacked trilayer graphene, providing a strategy for flat-band engineering in these moiré materials.
RESUMEN
Objectives: This prospective randomized controlled analysis aimed to assess the changes in laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in children with adenoid hypertrophy (AH). Study design: a prospective, randomized, and controlled analysis. Methods: The reflux symptom index (RSI) and the reflux finding score (RFS) scores were used to evaluate the laryngopharyngeal reflux changes in children diagnosed with adenoid hypertrophy. The pepsin concentration in salivary samples was examined, and the positive pepsin was used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of RSI, RFS, and RSI combined with RFS in forecasting LPR. Results: In 43 children with AH, the sensitivity of the RSI and RFS scale (used alone or in combination) in diagnosing pharyngeal reflux in children with adenoid hypertrophy was lower. Pepsin expression was identified in 43 items of salivary samples, with a total positive rate of 69.77%, most of which were optimistic. The expression level of pepsin was positively correlated with the grade of adenoid hypertrophy (r = 0.576, P < 0.01). Based on the positive rate of pepsin, we found that the sensitivity and specificity of RSI and RFS were 5.77%, 35.03%, and 91.74%, 55.89%. Moreover, there was a noticeable distinction in the number of acid reflux episodes between the LPR-positive and LPR-negative groups. Conclusion: There is a special connection between LPR change and children's AH. LPR exerts a crucial role in the progression of children's AH. Because of the low sensitivity of RSI and RFS, it is not suitable for LPR children to choose AH.