The genomic and immune landscapes of gastric cancer and their correlations with HER2 amplification and PD-L1 expression.

BACKGROUND: Anti-PD1/PD-L1 antibody plus human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) antibody and chemotherapy have become the new first-line therapy for HER2 overexpression-positive advanced gastric cancers (GC), suggesting that HER2 and PD-L1 play a vital role in guiding systemic treatment for patients with GC. This study aimed to depict the genomic and immune landscapes of Chinese patients with GC and investigate their correlations with HER2 amplification and PD-L1 expression. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Next-generation targeted sequencing and PD-L1 immunohistochemistry were performed on tumor samples from 735 patients with pathologically diagnosed GC. The genomic and immune landscapes and their correlations with HER2 amplification and PD-L1 expression were analyzed. RESULTS: The most commonly mutated genes in Chinese GC were TP53 (64%), CDH1 (20%), ARID1A (18%), HMCN1 (15%), KMT2D (11%), and PIK3CA (11%). Seventy-six (10%) patients were HER2 amplification, and 291 (40%) had positive PD-L1 expression. Classifying the total population based on HER2 amplification and PD-L1 expression level, 735 patients were divided into four subgroups: HER2+/PD-L1+ (4.5%), HER2+/PD-L1- (5.9%), HER2-/PD-L1+ (35.1%), and HER2-/PD-L1- (54.5%). The HER2+/PD-L1- and HER2+/PD-L1+ subgroups exhibited dramatically higher rate of TP53 mutations, CCNE1 and VEGF amplifications. The HER2+/PD-L1- subgroup also had a markedly higher rate of MYC amplification and KRAS mutations. The HER2-/PD-L1+ subgroup had significantly higher rate of PIK3CA mutations. HER2+/PD-L1- subgroup had the highest TMB level and HER2-/PD-L1+ subgroup had the highest proportion of patients with microsatellite instability-high than other subgroups. Furthermore, we observed that different HER2 amplification levels had distinct impacts on the correlations between PD-L1 expression and therapeutic genomic alterations, but no impact on the prognosis. CONCLUSION: The combination of HER2 amplification and PD-L1 expression in Chinese patients with GC could stratify the total populations into several subgroups with distinctive genomic and immune landscapes, which should be considered when making personalized treatment decisions.

Functional Characterization of the Almstn2 Gene and Its Association with Growth Traits in the Yellowfin Seabream Acanthopagrus latus (Hottuyn, 1782).

Myostatin (mstn), also known as GDF8, is a growth and differentiation factor of the transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) superfamily and plays a key inhibitory effect in the regulation of skeletal muscle development and growth in vertebrates. In the present study, to comprehend the role of the mstn2 gene of the yellowfin seabream Acanthopagrus latus (Almstn2b), the genomic sequence of Almstn2b is 2359 bp, which encodes 360 amino acids and is composed of three exons and two introns, was obtained. Two typical regions, a TGF-ß propeptide and TGF-ß domain, constitute Almstn2b. The topology indicated that Almstn2 was grouped together with other Perciformes, such as the gilthead seabream Sparus aurata. Moreover, Almstn2b was mainly expressed in the brain, fins, and spleen. Furthermore, five SNPs, one in the exons and four in the introns, were identified in the Almstn2b gene. The allele and genotype frequencies of SNP-Almstn2b +1885 A/G were significantly related to the total weight, interorbital distance, stem length, tail length, caudal length, caudal height, body length, and total length (p < 0.05). The allele and genotype frequencies of SNP-Almstn2b +1888 A/G were significantly related to the weight, interorbital distance, long head behind the eyes, body height, tail length, caudal length, and body length. Additionally, the relationship between the SNP-Almstn2b +1915 A/G locus and weight and long head behind the eyes was significant (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the other two SNPs were not significantly associated with any traits. Thus, the SNPs identified in this study could be utilized as candidate SNPs for breeding and marker-assisted selection in A. latus.

Surface-Doped Zinc Gallate Colloidal Nanoparticles Exhibit pH-Dependent Radioluminescence with Enhancement in Acidic Media.

As abnormal acidic pH symbolizes dysfunctions of cells, it is highly desirable to develop pH-sensitive luminescent materials for diagnosing disease and imaging-guided therapy using high-energy radiation. Herein, we explored near-infrared-emitting Cr-doped zinc gallate ZnGa2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) in colloidal solutions with different pH levels under X-ray excitation. Ultrasmall NPs were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method by controlling the addition of ammonium hydroxide precursor and reaction time, and structural characterization revealed Cr dopants on the surface of NPs. The synthesized NPs exhibited different photoluminescence and radioluminescence mechanisms, confirming the surface distribution of activators. It was observed that the colloidal NPs emit pH-dependent radioluminescence in a linear relationship, and the enhancement reached 4.6-fold when pH = 4 compared with the colloidal NPs in the neutral solution. This observation provides a strategy for developing new biomaterials by engineering activators on the nanoparticle surfaces for potential pH-sensitive imaging and imaging-guided therapy using high-energy radiation.

Fracture liaison services combined with online home nursing care in fragility hip fracture: a comparative effectiveness pilot study.

Fracture liaison service (FLS) is a management system for osteoporotic fractures, its difficulty lies in long-term management. Through this pilot single-center study, we found that FLS combined with an internet-based follow-up service (online home nursing care) can economically and conveniently monitor patients, reduce falls and refractures, and improve care and medication adherence. INTRODUCTION: Among potential e-health platforms, mobile internet encompasses the largest user group of mobile instant messaging software in Asia and offers strong interaction, low cost, and fast speed. The online home nursing care model prevents unnecessary hospital admissions and readmissions. This study aims to explore the effects of a fracture liaison service (FLS) model combined with online home nursing care on patients with fragility hip fracture. METHODS: Patients discharged after November 2020 received FLS care combined with online home nursing care. Patients discharged from May 2020 to November 2020 received only routine discharge guidance and were classified as the control group. The Parker Mobility Score (PMS), Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short-form health survey (MOS SF-36), general medication adherence scale (GMAS), complication rate, and fall/refracture rates were used to evaluate the efficacy of the FLS combined with online home nursing care during the 52-week follow-up period. RESULTS: Eighty-nine patients with complete follow-up information were included in the analysis at the 52-week follow-up. The FLS combined with online home nursing care was associated with improved osteoporosis patient care, including increased medication adherence (64.58% in the control group and 90.24% in the observation group), improved mental quality of life, reduced fall/refracture rate (12.5% and 4.88%, respectively), and reduced rates of bedsores and joint stiffness; however, there was no effect on functional recovery within 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend the combination of FLS with online home nursing care, considering the local environment, to economically and conveniently monitor patients, reduce falls and refractures, and improve care and medication adherence.

Material Properties of Traditional Handmade Paper Samples Fabricated from Cellulosic Fiber of Lokta Bushes.

Handmade papers (HPs) are fabricated from fibrous biomass of Lokta bushes and other plant species following traditional eco-friendly method in Nepal. Although HP fabricated from Lokta bushes is believed to be durable and resistant to bugs and molds, material properties of this paper are not reported in literature. In this study, we measured several material properties of 10 handmade Lokta paper samples collected from local enterprises and paper industries. The mean caliper, grammage, apparent density, equilibrium moisture content, Cobb 60, brightness, opacity, tensile strength, and tensile index values in the paper samples ranged from ∼90 to 700 µm, 50 to 150 g/m2, 0.2 to 0.4 g/cm3, 4 to 7%, 50 to 400 g/m2, 56 to 67%, 83 to 98%, 30 to 2900 N/m, and 1 to 27 Nm/g, respectively. These properties suggested that the HPs are lightweight papers with intermediate to high strength. The tensile strength was found to be significantly higher along the length direction (p < 0.05). Characteristic features of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin were observed in FTIR spectra. The crystalline and amorphous phases were also identified in X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. Electron microscopy images revealed a nicely cross-linked network of intact fibers having almost parallel arrangement of microfibrils. These features could provide strength and durability to the paper samples. Understanding the material properties of HPs down to the sub-microscopic level may help improve the paper quality and find novel applications in the future.

Colorectal cancer vaccines: The current scenario and future prospects.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Current therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy encounter obstacles in preventing metastasis of CRC even when applied in combination. Immune checkpoint inhibitors depict limited effects due to the limited cases of CRC patients with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H). Cancer vaccines are designed to trigger the elevation of tumor-infiltrated lymphocytes, resulting in the intense response of the immune system to tumor antigens. This review briefly summarizes different categories of CRC vaccines, demonstrates the current outcomes of relevant clinical trials, and provides particular focus on recent advances on nanovaccines and neoantigen vaccines, representing the trend and emphasis of CRC vaccine development.

Characterization of phosphofructokinase (PFK) from mud crab Scylla paramamosain and its role in mud crab dicistrovirus-1 proliferation.

Phosphofructokinase (PFK), the key enzyme of glycolysis, can catalyze the irreversible transphosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate forming fructose-1, 6-biphosphate. In the present study, a PFK gene from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain, named SpPFK, was cloned and characterized. The full length of SpPFK contained a 5'untranslated region (UTR) of 249 bp, an open reading frame of 2,859 bp, and a 3'UTR of 1,248 bp. The mRNA of SpPFK was highly expressed in the gill, followed by the hemocytes and muscle. The expression of SpPFK was significantly up-regulated after mud crab dicistrovirus-1 (MCDV-1) infection. Knocking down SpPFK in vivo by RNA interference significantly reduced the expression of lactate dehydrogenase after MCDV-1 infection. Furthermore, silencing of SpPFK in vivo increased the survival rate of mud crabs and decreased the MCDV-1 copies in the gill and hepatopancreas after MCDV-1 infection. All these results suggested that SpPFK could play an important role in the process of MCDV-1 proliferation in mud crab.

Multidimensional single-cell analysis of human peripheral blood reveals characteristic features of the immune system landscape in aging and frailty.

Frailty is an intermediate status of the human aging process, associated with decompensated homeostasis and death. The immune phenotype of frailty and its underlying cellular and molecular processes remain poorly understood. We profiled 114,467 immune cells from cord blood, young adults and healthy and frail old adults using single-cell RNA and TCR sequencing. Here we show an age-dependent accumulation of transcriptome heterogeneity and variability in immune cells. Characteristic transcription factors were identified in given cell types of specific age groups. Trajectory analysis revealed cells from non-frail and frail old adults often fall into distinct paths. Numerous TCR clonotypes were shared among T-cell subtypes in old adults, indicating differential pluripotency and resilience capabilities of aged T cells. A frailty-specific monocyte subset was identified with exclusively high expression of long noncoding RNAs NEAT1 and MALAT1. Our study discovers human frailty-specific immune cell characteristics based on the comprehensive dimensions in the immune landscape of aging and frailty.

Intermediate Sr2Co1.5Fe0.5O6-δ Tetragonal Structure between Perovskite and Brownmillerite as a Model Catalyst with Layered Oxygen Deficiency for Enhanced Electrochemical Water Oxidation.

The generation of hydrogen in an environmentally benign way is highly essential to meet future energy demands. However, in the process of splitting water electrochemically, sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) curtails its applicability, as it drags energy input. Herein, we synthesized Sr-Co-Fe-O oxides to optimize their OER activity by varying the Co/Fe ratio. Among them, Sr2Co1.5Fe0.5O6-δ exhibited the best OER catalytic activity in the series, with an overpotential of 318 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and Tafel slope of 44.8 mV dec-1. High-resolution neutron powder diffraction analysis identified an intermediate structure between the perovskite and brownmillerite, with alternating layers of disorderly orientated oxygen-deficient tetrahedra and fully stoichiometric octahedra. The unique stacking of tetrahedral and octahedral units facilitates desired interactions between the electrode surface and electrolyte. Theoretical calculations revealed that increased covalency of Co 3d and O 2p in Sr2Co1.5Fe0.5O6-δ oxide is another primary contributor to its augmented water oxidation ability. As a model for developing catalysts with such an intermediate structure, the synergetic effect of oxygen vacancy and hybridization between Co 3d and O 2p assured the Sr2Co1.5Fe0.5O6-δ oxide as a better catalyst for its enhanced OER activity.

Genome-wide analysis revealed the virulence attenuation mechanism of the fish-derived oral attenuated Streptococcus iniae vaccine strain YM011.

Streptococcus iniae has become one the most serious aquatic pathogens causing invasive diseases in farmed marine and freshwater fish worldwide, and orally attenuated vaccine is still the best option in protecting these invasive diseases. In this study, the safety, stability, immunogenicity of the S. iniae attenuated strain YM011 were evaluated, and comprehensively analyzed its virulence weakening mechanism at whole genome level. The results shown that attenuated S. iniae strain YM011 completely lost its pathogenicity to tilapia and had good immunogenicity with relative percent survival being 93.25% at 15 days and 90.31% at 30 days via IP injection, respectively, and 76.81% at 15 days and 56.69% at 30 days via oral gavage, respectively. Back-passage safety assay indicated that YM011 did not cause diseases or death in tilapia after 100 generations of serial passaging. Comparative genome-wide sequencing shown that YM011 had a 0.4 M large inversion fragment compared with its parental strain virulent strain GX005, which encoded 372 genes including drug resistance genes pbp2A and tet, as well as known virulence factors including hemolysin transport system gene, recA, and mutator family transposase. The attenuated S. iniae strain YM011 is an ideal attenuated oral vaccine candidate with good immunogenicity, safety and stability. Abnormal expression of important drug resistance genes as well as known virulence factors due to inversion of a 0.4 M large fragment is the leading mechanism underlying its attenuated virulence.

ICP-MS based on-line monitoring of Pu-239 airborne concentration.

An online monitoring technology of Pu-239 aerosol based on aerosol direct introduction device, membrane desolvation nebuliser and ICP-MS was established for workplaces of reprocessing plants. Briefly, 0.8 l min-1 Pu-239 aerosol from the workplace was introduced into the aerosol direct introduction device where the air was replaced by Argon, and then the aerosol was introduced into the ICP-MS for measurement. To determine the activity of Pu-239 aerosol, 1.10E-3 Bq ml-1 Pu-242 standard solution generated by a membrane desolvation nebuliser was used. The introduction efficiency of the nebuliser was determined by sampling the aerosol generated from the nebuliser with Lead Standard Solution by glass fiber filter, which was (26.82 ± 3.33) %. The mass bias between Pu-239 and Pu-242 for the ICP-MS measurement was determined by Pu-239 and Pu-242 standard solutions generated by the nebuliser, and mass discrimination correction factor for Pu-239/Pu-242 was 0.972 ± 0.010. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of this system were calculated according to the ISO 20 899:2018, which were 2.24E-05 Bq m-3 and 7.45E-05 Bq m-3 with 1 min measurement. The main interference which was from U-238 was determined by U-238 standard solution generated by the nebuliser, and the interferences of U-238 to 239 was (8.50 ± 1.05) E-05. According to the counts of U-238 from several workplaces of reprocessing plant where this system was tested, 239 counts rate from the interferences of U-238 of those workplaces were at the same level of the system background counts, which meant that the LOD above was suitable for those places.

Arginine Deiminase and Biotin Metabolism Signaling Pathways Play an Important Role in Human-Derived Serotype V, ST1 Streptococcus agalactiae Virulent Strain upon Infected Tilapia.

Our previous study showed that human-derived Streptococcus agalactiae (serotype V) could infect tilapia, but the mechanism underlying the cross-species infection remains unrecognized. In this study, a multi-omics analysis was performed on human-derived S.agalactiae strain NNA048 (virulent to tilapia, serotype V, ST1) and human-derived S.agalactiae strain NNA038 (non-virulent to tilapia, serotype V, ST1). The results showed that 907 genes (504 up/403 down) and 89 proteins (51 up/38 down) were differentially expressed (p < 0.05) between NNA038 and NNA048. Among them, 56 genes (proteins) were altered with similar trends at both mRNA and protein levels. Functional annotation of them showed that the main differences were enriched in the arginine deiminase system signaling pathway and biotin metabolism signaling pathway: gdhA, glnA, ASL, ADI, OTC, arcC, FabF, FabG, FabZ, BioB and BirA genes may have been important factors leading to the pathogenicity differences between NNA038 and NNA048. We aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the human-derived serotype V ST1 S.agalactiae strains, which were virulent and non-virulent to tilapia, and provide a more comprehensive understanding of the virulence mechanism.

Aggregation Controlled Charge Generation in Fullerene Based Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells: Effect of Additive.

Optimization of charge generation in polymer blends is crucial for the fabrication of highly efficient polymer solar cells. While the impacts of the polymer chemical structure, energy alignment, and interface on charge generation have been well studied, not much is known about the impact of polymer aggregation on charge generation. Here, we studied the impact of aggregation on charge generation using transient absorption spectroscopy, neutron scattering, and atomic force microscopy. Our measurements indicate that the 1,8-diiodooctane additive can change the aggregation behavior of poly(benzodithiophene-alt-dithienyl difluorobenzotriazole (PBnDT-FTAZ) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)polymer blends and impact the charge generation process. Our observations show that the charge generation can be optimized by tuning the aggregation in polymer blends, which can be beneficial for the design of highly efficient fullerene-based organic photovoltaic devices.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nano-Carbon Reinforced Titanium Matrix/Hydroxyapatite Biocomposites Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering.

Nano-carbon reinforced titanium matrix/hydroxyapatite (HA) biocomposites were successfully prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The microstructure, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and the relationship between microstructure and properties of biocomposites were systematically investigated. Results showed there are some new phases in sintered composites, such as ß-Ti, TiO3, ZrO2, etc. Moreover, a small amount of Ti17P10, CaTiO3, Ca3(PO4)2 were also detected. The reaction that may occur during the preparation process is suppressed to some extent, which is because that the addition of second phases can prevent the direct contact of titanium with HA and reduce the contact areas. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis proved the existence of elemental diffusion and chemical reactions in sintered composites. Compared with results of composites prepared by hot-pressed sintering before, mechanical properties (microhardness, compressive strength, and shear strength) of 0.5-GNFs composites prepared by SPS were increased by about 2.8, 4.8, and 4.1 times, respectively. The better mechanical properties of 0.5-GNFs composite in nano-carbon reinforced composites are mainly due to the lower degree of agglomeration of tubular carbon nanotubes (CNTs) compared to lamellar graphene nanoflakes (GNFs). Moreover, the strengthening and toughening mechanisms of nano-carbon reinforced titanium alloy/HA biocomposite prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) mainly included second phase strengthening, grain refinement strengthening, solution strengthening, graphene extraction, carbon nanotubes bridging, crack tail stripping, etc. In addition, in vitro bioactivity test revealed that the addition of nano-carbon was beneficial to promote the adhesion and proliferation of cells on the surface of titanium alloy/HA composite, because nano-carbon can enhance the formation of mineralized necks in the composites after transplantation, stimulate biomineralization and promote bone regeneration.

Research Progress Regarding Interfacial Characteristics and the Strengthening Mechanisms of Titanium Alloy/Hydroxyapatite Composites.

Titanium alloy/Hydroxyapatite (HA) composites have become a hot research topic in biomedical materials, while there are some challenges concerning bioactivity and mechanical properties such as low interface adhesion at the interface between metal and ceramic, complex interfacial reactions, and so on. Nevertheless, composites with reinforced phases can reach special properties that meet the requirements of biomedical materials due to the strong interfacial interactions between reinforcing phases (nano-carbon, partial oxides, and so on) and Titanium alloys or HA. This review summarizes the interface properties and mechanisms of Titanium alloy/HA composites, including interfacial bonding methods, strengthening and toughening mechanisms, and performance evaluation. On this basis, the interface characteristics and mechanisms of the Titaniumalloy/HA composites with enhanced phase are prospected. The results show that the interfacial bonding methods in the Titanium alloy/HA composites include chemical reactions and mechanical effects. The strengthening and toughening mechanisms contain grain refinement strengthening, second phase strengthening, solution strengthening, cracks and pulling out mechanisms, etc. This review provides a guidline for the fabrication of biocomposites with both mechanical properties and bioactivity.

Luminescence characteristics of rare-earth-doped barium hexafluorogermanate BaGeF6 nanowires: fast subnanosecond decay time and high sensitivity in H2O2 detection.

Fluorides are promising host materials for optical applications. This paper reports the photoluminescent (PL) and cathodoluminescent (CL) characteristics of barium hexafluorogermanate BaGeF6 nanowires codoped with Ce3+, Tb3+ and Sm3+ rare earth ions, produced by a solvothermal route. The synthesized BaGeF6 nanowires exhibit uniform morphology and size distribution. X-ray diffraction divulges the one-dimensional growth of crystalline BaGeF6 structure, with the absence of any impurity phases. Visible luminescence is recorded from the nanowires in green and red regions, when the nanowires are codoped with Ce3+/Tb3+, and Ce3+/Tb3+/Sm3+, respectively, under a UV excitation source. The PL emission from the codoped BaGeF6 nanowires, when excited by a 254 nm source, originates from the efficient energy transfer bridges between Ce3+, Tb3+ and Sm3+ ions. The decay time of the visible luminescent emission from the nanowires is in the order of subnanoseconds, being one of the shortest decay time records from inorganic scintillators. The CL emission from the BaGeF6 nanowires in the tunable visible range reveals their potential use for the detection of high-energy radiation. The PL emissions are sensitive to H2O2 at low concentrations, enabling their high-sensitivity detection of H2O2 using BaGeF6 nanowires. A comparison with BaSiF6 nanowires is made in terms of decay time and its sensitivity towards H2O2.

Osteosarcoma in the coracoid process that mimicked an osteochondroma: A case report.

RATIONALE: Osteosarcomas are the most common primary malignant bone tumors in children and young adults; these tumors often affect the metaphyses of long bones such as the proximal humerus, proximal tibia, and distal femur. In contrast, osteosarcoma of the coracoid process is extremely rare. PATIENT CONCERNS: Herein, we describe a case of osteosarcoma affecting the coracoid process in a 40-year-old woman. The patient presented with shoulder pain, weakness, and an inability to raise her left arm. She had no previous record of shoulder injury and no significant family history. DIAGNOSES: Her C-reactive protein levels were normal, whereas her erythrocyte sedimentation rate and alkaline phosphatase levels were elevated. Imaging studies led to the initial diagnosis of osteochondroma. INTERVENTION: The patient underwent surgical resection. However, the postoperative pathological results revealed an osteosarcoma. The patient transferred to another hospital for subsequent treatment, and her outcome is unknown. LESSONS: A misdiagnosis or inadequate and/or delayed treatment for a coracoid process osteosarcoma could have grave consequences. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are essential for a diagnosis, and a biopsy can effectively confirm the diagnosis. Our findings suggest that considering only a single factor, or using incomplete information, can lead to an arbitrary diagnosis.

Chondrosarcoma of the patella: A case report.

RATIONALE: Chondrosarcoma, characterized by the production of cartilage matrix, is a common bone tumor, accounting for 20% to 27% of all malignant bone tumors. It often occurs in the cartilage of the pelvis, femur, tibia, and humerus. However, chondrosarcoma of the patella is extremely rare. PATIENT CONCERNS: The present study describes a case of chondrosarcoma affecting the right patella in a 68-year-old woman. The chief complaints were painful swelling and limitation of motion of the right knee for about half a year. The pain was a kind of dull ache. The skin around the right knee was red and hot. Moreover, she had a claudication gait due to the symptoms. DIAGNOSES: Irregular lytic lesions with ill-defined margins in the patella were determined through computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The diagnosis of primary grade II chondrosarcoma was finally confirmed on the basis of postoperative pathological examination. INTERVENTIONS: The patient underwent an open surgery named extensive resection of patellar tumor to remove the tumor tissue completely. OUTCOMES: The patient was discharged without any complications 1 week after the surgery. At the 3-month follow-up, the patient was completely free from pain during daily activities, and normal range of motion of the right knee was achieved. Her gait was normal. There was no evidence of recurrence. LESSONS: We believe that an extensive resection is suitable for treating chondrosarcoma to avoid as far as possible local recurrence. An awareness of the potential for chondrosarcoma to present in the patella is crucial for both orthopedic surgeons and radiologists when confronted with similar cases. Besides, as reports of chondrosarcoma of the patella are rare, this study adds a better understanding of this rare condition to the medical literature.