The correlation between corona virus disease 2019 and alopecia areata: a literature review.

Corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19) is one of the most serious respiratory pandemic diseases threatening human health for centuries. Alopecia areata (AA) is a sudden patchy hair loss, an autoimmune disease, which seriously affects the image and mental health of patients. Evidence shows that the risk of autoimmune diseases significantly increases after COVID-19, and is positively correlated with the severity, with a significant increase in the risk of alopecia in those over 40 years old. The relationship between COVID-19 and AA has become a hot topic of current research. Strengthening the research on the correlation between COVID-19 and AA can help to identify and protect susceptible populations at an early stage. This article reviews the research progress on the epidemiological background of COVID-19 and AA, the situation and possible mechanisms of AA induced by COVID-19 or COVID-19 vaccination, and potential treatment methods.

Unraveling the treatment effects of huanglian jiedu decoction on drug-induced liver injury based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental validation.

Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HJD) is a well-known Traditional Chinese Medicine formula that has been used for liver protection in thousands of years. However, the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of HJD in treating drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remain unknown. In this study, a total of 26 genes related to both HJD and DILI were identified, which are corresponding to a total of 41 potential active compounds in HJD. KEGG analysis revealed that Tryptophan metabolism pathway is particularly important. The overlapped genes from KEGG and GO analysis indicated the significance of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1. Experimental results confirmed that HJD has a protective effect on DILI through Tryptophan metabolism pathway. In addition, the active ingredients Corymbosin, and Moslosooflavone were found to have relative strong intensity in UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis, showing interactions with CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1 through molecule docking. These findings could provide insights into the treatment effects of HJD on DILI.

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals cell-cell communication and potential biomarker in sepsis and septic shock patients.

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a disease characterized by infection-induced multiorgan dysfunction, which can progress to septic shock if not promptly treated. Early identification of sepsis is crucial for its treatment. However, there are currently limited specific biomarkers for sepsis or septic shock. This study aims to identify potential biomarkers for sepsis and septic shock. METHODS: We analyzed single-cell transcriptomic data of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy individuals, sepsis and septic shock patients, identified differences in gene expression and cell-cell communication between different cell types during disease progression. Moreover, our analyses were further validated with flow cytometry and bulk RNA-seq data. RESULTS: Our study elucidates the alterations in cellular proportions and cell-cell communication among healthy controls, sepsis, and septic shock patients. We identified a specific augmentation in the Resistin signaling within sepsis monocytes, mediated via RETN-CAP1 ligand-receptor pairs. Additionally, we observed enhanced IL16 signaling within monocytes from septic shock patients, mediated through IL16-CD4 ligand-receptor pairs. Subsequently, we confirmed our findings by validating the increase in CAP-1+ monocytes in sepsis and IL16+ monocytes in septic shock in mouse models. And a significant upregulation of CAP-1 and IL16 was also observed in the bulk RNA-seq data from patients with sepsis and septic shock. Furthermore, we identified four distinct clusters of CD14+ monocytes, highlighting the heterogeneity of monocytes in the progress of sepsis. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, our work demonstrates changes in cell-cell communication of healthy controls, sepsis and septic shock, confirming that the molecules CAP-1 and IL16 on monocytes may serve as potential diagnostic markers for sepsis and septic shock, respectively. These findings provide new insights for early diagnosis and stratified treatment of the disease.

Identification of characteristic genes and herbal compounds for the treatment of psoriasis based on machine learning and molecular dynamics simulation.

Psoriasis brings economic and mental burdens to patients, the exact etiology and pathogenesis of psoriasis are still unclear. Compounds of herbal medicine have the potential for psoriasis treatment. This study aims to explore the characteristic genes for psoriasis, which herbal compounds may target. Four differential gene expression datasets, with 181 healthy skin and 181 psoriasis skin lesion samples, were used for analysis. This study employed random forest, neural network, and support vector machine algorithms to identify the characteristic genes associated with psoriasis. The identified genes were validated using external datasets. Then, the main compounds were identified. The targets of compounds were collected through SwissTargetPrediction, Super-PRED, HERB databases, and so on. Finally, a batch virtual screening of compounds with the identified characteristic genes was conducted. Open Babel and AutoDock Tools 1.5.6 were used for molecular docking, and Desmond was used to evaluate molecular dynamics simulations. Twelve characteristic genes, successfully validated in external datasets genes, were identified from 1270 differential genes. The 59 compounds identified contained 1795 targets. There are 143 intersections between differential genes and compound targets. Two-hundred and ninety-four compound-target combinations were selected for molecular docking screening. It was finally found that 8 protein-ligand combinations are highly critical for treating psoriasis, namely AKR1B10-Astilbin, AKR1B10-Ferulic acid, AKR1B10-Cianidanol, IL36G-Astilbin, MMP9-Ferulic acid, OASL-Astilbin, PPARG-Astilbin, SERPINB3-Astilbin, molecular dynamics simulations also indicate that these eight pairs of combinations are stable. This research brings a new perspective to the treatment of psoriasis, these characteristic genes and compounds deserve the attention of clinical researchers.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Diagnosis of cardiac occupancy as metachronous carcinoma using multimodal imaging: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Metachronous carcinoma presenting as a cardiac malignancy is rare, and timely diagnosis is critical. We report a patient with a primary cardiac tumor who eventually died and performed an imaging-related literature review. CASE PRESENTATION: A 68-year-old Chinese male patient, who had suffered from multiple malignancies, was suddenly found to have severely reduced platelets and symptoms of decreased cardiac function. After undergoing a series of imaging examinations such as transthoracic echocardiography and positron emission tomography-computed tomography, he was found to have a large occupancy within the right heart and was finally diagnosed with a primary cardiac malignancy. Combined with the patient's previous medical history, it was judged that this time it was a metachronous carcinoma. The patient was unable to accept the risk of surgery and eventually died. CONCLUSION: This is a case report reporting a cardiac malignancy. This case highlights the importance of using multiple imaging modalities to make a common diagnosis and the need for more detailed evaluation in patients with metachronous carcinoma.

Autologous Concentrated Growth Factor Used to Treat Linear Scleroderma En Coup de Sabre: A Case Report.

Linear scleroderma en coup de sabre (LSCS) is a variant of localized scleroderma associated with band-like fibrotic lesions in the frontoparietal area. We report a case of LSCS in a woman who presented with progressive mild hyperchromia on the right side of her forehead, with dermal atrophy and hair and eyebrow loss. After the failure of conservative treatments, the patient responded dramatically to injection of autologous localized concentrated growth factor. After three treatments, the atrophy, stiffness, and angiotelectasis on the affected area had improved. No recurrence was detected 24 months after the last treatment. This is the first study describing the use of autologous concentrated growth factor injection to alleviate clinical symptoms of LSCS. This suggests that concentrated growth factor may be a treatment for LSCS in the clinic.

Prediction of the Mechanism of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata by Network Pharmacology and Its Preliminary Verification Study.

Objective: To explore the mechanism of Shaoyao Gancao decoction (SGD) in treatment of alopecia areata (AA) by network pharmacology and animal experiments. Methods: Based on the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP), the components and targets of SGD were determined. Then, the related targets of AA were retrieved from DrugBank, GeneCards, OMIM, and DisGeNET databases. The intersection of drug targets and disease targets was determined, and the key targets of the protein-protein interaction network were obtained with the String database. Gene Ontology (GO) biological process enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of potential key targets were carried out using the DAVID database using AutoDock for molecular docking verification. Finally, the key pathway was validated by animal experiments. Results: A total of 102 active components, 212 predicted targets, and 812 AA disease-related targets were obtained. Topological analysis yielded 45 key targets of SGD in the treatment of AA, including IL-6, PTGS2, TNF, VEGFA, CCL2, IL-1B, CXCL8, CASP3, MPO, and IL-10. There were 324 GO entries obtained through GO biological process enrichment analysis, and 20 pathways were obtained through KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, involving the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, osteoclast differentiation, and Jak-STAT signaling pathway. The molecular docking results showed effective ingredients (quercetin, kaempferol, and 7-methoxy-2-methyl isoflavone) have good docking results with targets (IL-6, PTGS2, and TNF). The results of animal experiments showed that SGD can effectively upregulate the expression of PI3K and AKT proteins. Conclusion: This is the first in-depth study on the mechanism of SGD's treatment effect in AA using network pharmacology, and preliminary animal experiments verified that it is closely related to the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This finding may provide a new basis for SGD's clinical application in AA.

Botanical extracts in combination improve autosomal recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis caused by LIPH mutations.

BACKGROUND: Mutation in the lipase H (LIPH) gene is a main reason for autosomal recessive woolly hair (ARWH)/hypotrichosis. Although some studies reported that topical minoxidil could improve ARWH, an effective treatment method for this disease is still lacking. AIM: We attempt to explore potential treatment options for ARWH. MATERIALS & METHODS: A female 6-year-old child was diagnosed with ARWH/hypotrichosis caused by LIPH mutations. And she was treated with combined treatment of botanical extracts. RESULTS: After 6 months of treatment, the patient's hair grew remarkably. After 4 years of treatment, the patient's hair remained dense. DISCUSSION: After the combination treatment, the patient saw a favorable clinical effect. However, the specific mechanisms of action for botanical extracts require further validation. In addition, some regenerative strategies may be considered as potential treatment options for ARWH. We should actively attempt treatment for ARWH patients and encourage prenatal diagnosis due to the great impact of hair loss. CONCLUSION: The combined therapy of botanical extracts may improve ARWH long-term with a sustainable therapeutic effect.

Predictive Value of Limb Artery Indices and Endothelial Functional Tests for the Degree of Coronary Artery Stenosis in a Diabetic Population.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between limb artery indices (brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and ankle-brachial index), endothelial function index (FMD value), and the degree of coronary artery stenosis in diabetic patients and analyze their values in predicting the degree of coronary artery stenosis. METHODS: The study included 151 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and suspected coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. The patients were divided into "coronary atherosclerotic heart disease" (N=94) and "non-coronary atherosclerotic heart disease" (N=57) groups based on the coronary angiographic findings. Within the coronary atherosclerotic heart disease group, the patients were further divided into "low stenosis" (N=47) and "high stenosis" (N=47) subgroups according to their Gensini score. Indicators such as brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, ankle-brachial index, and FMD value were measured and correlated with the degree of coronary artery stenosis. Logistic regression models were constructed and receiver operating characteristic curves plotted to assess the predictive ability of limb artery and endothelial functional indices for the degree of coronary artery stenosis. RESULTS: In a diabetic population, FMD value (P=0.003), ankle-brachial index (P=0.004), and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (P=0.003) were different in patients with and without coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. In the population with both diabetes mellitus and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, the ankle-brachial index and FMD value were both independently associated with the degree of coronary artery stenosis (P=0.003). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve plotted from the combined coefficients of ankle-brachial index and FMD value was 0.773, which is predictive of coronary artery stenosis in diabetic patients. CONCLUSION: Ankle-brachial index and FMD value are indicative of the degree of coronary artery stenosis in diabetic patients, and predictive efficacy can be improved by combining the two tests.

A Case of Acute Telogen Effluvium After SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

As the number of COVID-19 cases increasing, more and more patients are concerning about alopecia, a sequela after SARS-CoV-2 infection. We here report a case of a 38-year-old woman with a typical acute telogen effluvium (ATE) after recovery from COVID-19.