Highly Thermally Conductive and Structurally Ultra-Stable Graphitic Films with Seamless Heterointerfaces for Extreme Thermal Management.

Highly thermally conductive graphitic film (GF) materials have become a competitive solution for the thermal management of high-power electronic devices. However, their catastrophic structural failure under extreme alternating thermal/cold shock poses a significant challenge to reliability and safety. Here, we present the first investigation into the structural failure mechanism of GF during cyclic liquid nitrogen shocks (LNS), which reveals a bubbling process characterized by "permeation-diffusion-deformation" phenomenon. To overcome this long-standing structural weakness, a novel metal-nanoarmor strategy is proposed to construct a Cu-modified graphitic film (GF@Cu) with seamless heterointerface. This well-designed interface ensures superior structural stability for GF@Cu after hundreds of LNS cycles from 77 to 300 K. Moreover, GF@Cu maintains high thermal conductivity up to 1088 W m-1 K-1 with degradation of less than 5% even after 150 LNS cycles, superior to that of pure GF (50% degradation). Our work not only offers an opportunity to improve the robustness of graphitic films by the rational structural design but also facilitates the applications of thermally conductive carbon-based materials for future extreme thermal management in complex aerospace electronics.

The Moderating Effect of Learning Experience on Learning Motivation and Learning Outcomes of International Students.

With the increasing level of internationalization in higher education, the number of international students in mainland China is rapidly increasing. However, limited research has considered that student results may be affected by a reduced motivation to learn. Therefore, the aim of this research is to explore the effect of the learning motivation on the learning outcomes of international students and the moderating role of learning experience. A sample of 130 international students from 23 countries studying in mainland China was analyzed. The study found a significant correlation between the learning motivations and international students' learning outcomes. It was also determined that learning experience has significantly enhances the relationship between learning motivation and the learning outcomes of international students. This study contributes to the higher education literature on learning motivation by students and learning outcomes.

Corrigendum: The moderating effect of learning experience on learning motivation and learning outcomes of international students.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.913982.].

Associations of deregulation of mir-365 and its target mRNA TTF-1 and survival in patients with NSCLC.

microRNA (mir)-365 exerts tumor suppressor function by targeting thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) in lung cancer cells. The purpose of the present study was to assess mir-365 and its target mRNA TTF-1 in lung cancer and their correlations with patients' survival. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to examine the expression levels of mir-365 and TTF-1 in tumor tissue and its adjacent noncancerous tissue of 126 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our results showed that mir-365 was significantly decreased in tumor tissue than that in normal tissue (P=0.006), however, TTF-1 was significantly increased in tumor tissue than in normal tissue (P<0.001). Besides, significant correlations between decreased mir-365 and advanced tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (P=0.001) and regional lymph node involvement (P=0.037) was observed. The similar result was also found between increased TTF-1 and TNM stage (P=0.003). Furthermore, mir-365 downregulation or TTF-1 upregulation were associated with poor outcome of patients than mir-365 upregulation or TTF-1 downregulation (for mir-365: P<0.001; for TTF-1: P=0.002). Of note, combination of decreased mir-365 and increased TTF-1 had worst overall survival (P<0.001). In conclusion, aberrant expression of mir-365/TTF-1 may be involved in the tumor development in patients with NSCLC. Moreover, mir-365 and TTF-1 could jointly predict the prognosis of patients and their combination may serve as a biomarker to predict risk of poor survival in NSCLC patients. Mir-365/TTF-1 might serve as a potential therapeutic target for clinical treatment of NSCLC.

Overexpression of stathmin is resistant to paclitaxel treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Paclitaxel can exert therapeutic effects by interacting with microtubules. Stathmin and ß-III-tubulin, which have impact on microtubule activity, are believed to be involved in the chemotherapy. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the associations between stathmin and ß-III-tubulin expression and treatment response and survivals in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Two hundred thirty-eight patients who were treated by platinum-based chemotherapy were enrolled in this study, among them, 111 patients also received paclitaxel treatment. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumor tissues were collected for messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein detection. We assessed the associations of the two molecules with treatment response and survival outcome. High level of stathmin exhibited poor response to chemotherapy (for mRNA, P = 0.041; for protein, P = 0.017). Overexpression of stathmin was associated with shorter overall survival (for mRNA, P = 0.012; for protein, P = 0.014) and progression-free survival (for mRNA, P = 0.039; for protein, P = 0.022). Of note, this association was only observed in patients who were treated by both platinum and paclitaxel. Similar effects were not observed for ß-III-tubulin. The findings demonstrated that paclitaxel effect may be interfered with stathmin; overexpression of stathmin is a predictive marker for a worse prognosis in patients with NSCLC who were treated by both platinum and paclitaxel chemotherapy.