Clinical anatomy of pulmonary connections in young people.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To study the clinical anatomy of the pulmonary ligaments of young people. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The study was carried out when performing 28 autopsies of young people aged 25 to 44 years. Methods of dissection of chest organocomplexes, macro-microscopy, morphometry and planimetry, and statistical processing were used. The shape and topography of the pulmonary ligaments was assessed, their area, the localization of lymph nodes was examined. RESULTS: Results: The pulmonary ligament is an anatomical formation, which is formed as a result of a combination of leaves of the mediastinal pleura, which, covering the surfaces of the roots of the lungs, descend towards the diaphragm and are located between the mediastinal organs and the lungs. Pulmonary connections on both sides have a few edges: the inner, outer and lower free. The pulmonary ligaments with lower free edges do not pass to the diaphragmatic surface of the pleura, but only with inner ones, which are located on the right along the esophagus, and on the left along the aorta. Pulmonary ligaments on both sides pass into the mediastinal part of the pleura, covering the pericardium. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: There are individual differences between the shape and size of the right and left pulmonary ligaments in males and females. There is no significant difference between the sizes of the right and left pulmonary ligaments, but such dimensions as: the width, the angle of inclination and the ratio of their lower free edge to the lower edge of the lungs are not found in all cases.

Pathogenesis of insulin resistance in pregnant women with obesity.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Obesity is one of the most important medical and social problems in many countries of the world, as it is associated with the development of the most common non-communicable diseases: cardiovascular, type II diabetes mellitus, motor disorders, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NHAHP) and others. The aim of this paper is to analyze the pathogenetic mechanisms of insulin resistance development in pregnant women with varying obesity degrees in early and late gestation periods. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: 459 pregnant women were examined at the Poltava City Clinical Maternity Hospital in the early (9-13 weeks) and late gestation periods (34-38 weeks). Metabolic disorders in pregnant women were studied by carbohydrate and lipid metabolism indices. RESULTS: Results: Due to increased insulin resistance and reduced glucose absorption by tissues of pregnant women with obesity, there are prerequisites for the development of energy insufficiency. Obese women pregnancy runs on the background of hypertriglyceridemia and type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. The general pathogenic consequence of the insulin resistance progression during pregnancy in obese women is an energy deficiency increase, which causes a threatening obstetric and perinatal complications frequency increase. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The progression of insulin resistance during pregnancy of women with varying degrees of obesity is the pathogenetic basis of energy insufficiency and the reduction of adaptive mechanisms of pregnant women with obesity, as evidenced by the increase in obstetric and perinatal complications frequency.