Analysis of risk factors associated with diffuse alveolar haemorrhage in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis and construction of a risk prediction model using line graph.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to analyse the risk factors associated with diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) and construct a risk prediction model using line graph. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted from January 2012 to May 2023 at the First Clinical College of Three Gorges University, focusing on patients diagnosed with AAV. Clinical and laboratory data were collected from these patients. The potential predictors subsets of high-risk AAV combined with DAH were screened by LASSO regression and 10-fold cross-validation method, and determined by using multivariate Logistic regression analysis, then were used for developing a prediction nomogram for high-risk AAV combined with DAH using the R software. ROC curve analysis was used to validate the model's stability. Internal validation was performed using a bootstrap method. The discrimination of the nomogram was determined by calculating the average consistency index(C-index). The calibration curve was used to assess the calibration of the nomogram. RESULTS: A total of 234 patients with AAV were included, among whom 85 developed DAH, with an incidence rate of 36%, and the average age was 63±12. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that Age [OR=1.037 (95%CI: 1.006, 1.071), p=0.019], platelet count (PLT) [OR=0.996 (95%CI: 0.992, 0.999), p=0.029], ESR [OR=1.028 (95%CI: 1.015, 1.042), p<0.01], HB [OR=0.978 (95%CI: 0.959, 0.996), p=0.024], and haematuria [OR=3.77 (95%CI: 1.677, 8.976), p=0.001] were found to be independent predictors of AAV combined with DAH and were used to construct a nomogram. The AUCROC values of the nomogram for DAH in AAV patients was 0.852 (95%CI: 0.801, 0.903), and the C-index could reach 0.824 after internal verification, showing good differentiation and consistency. CONCLUSIONS: The new nomogram, which included age, Hb, ESR, PLT and haematuria as variables, had the potential to predict the risk of AAV patients complicated with DAH.

Efficacy and safety of implantable vascular support in the treatment of arteriovenous fistula: A single-arm meta-analyses.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: VasQ (Laminate Medical Technologies, Israel) is an external support device for autologous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) designed to improve anastomotic blood flow and reduce neointimal hyperplasia. However, different studies have shown that the efficacy of the VasQ device in improving AVF is inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of the VasQ device. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND MEASUREMENTS: Two reviewers independently searched studies published in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wan Fang databases from inception to 2023. The Cochrane Systematic Evaluation Bias Risk Tool Version 1 was used to assess the risk of RCTS bias. The ROBINS-I tool was used to assess the risk of bias in non-randomized studies. A Single-arm meta-analysis was performed, and a random effects model was used for all analyses. RESULTS: We identified six trials involving 146 patients and conducted a meta-analysis. The results showed that after 6 months of VasQ device treatment, the primary patency rate of AVF was [76.4% (95%CI: 0.608-0.920), p < 0.01] while the secondary patency rate was [76.5% (95%CI: 0.572-0.958), p < 0.01]. The maturity rate of AVF 1 month after surgery was [88.5% (95%CI: 0.818-0.952), p = 0.46]. The incidence of anastomotic stenosis was [8.9% (95%CI: 0.015-0.163), p = 0.23], and the incidence of anastomotic venous thrombosis was [10% (95%CI: 0.035-0.179), p = 0.38]. CONCLUSIONS: Meta-analysis data of this study show that the VasQ device has a good effect in improving the patency rate of AVF and does not increase the occurrence of adverse events. However, due to the limitation of the number and quality of included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to confirm this in the future.

The efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with non-diabetic chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) drugs have potential renoprotective effects in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the renal protective effect of SGLT2i in non-diabetic nephropathy patients has not been extensively demonstrated. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the renal protective effect and safety of SGLT2i in non-diabetic nephropathy patients. METHODS: we searched for relevant clinically randomised controlled trials and analyzed the effects of SGLT2i on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the incidence of adverse events in patients with non-diabetic nephropathy. RESULTS: We collated and analysed clinical data from six groups of patients with nondiabetic nephropathy. It was found that the SGLT2i significantly delayed the decline in eGFR [MD = 1.35 ml/min/1.73 m2, 95% CI 0.84, 1.86), P < 0.0001]. Furthermore, the SGLT2i significantly reduced UACR [MD = - 24.47% l, 95% CI (- 38.9, -10.04), P = 0.0009], and showed a greater decrease in SBP [MD = - 4.13 mmHg, 95% CI (- 7.49, - 0.77), P = 0.02]. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between dapagliflozin/empagliflozin and the control group [OR = 1.14, 95% CI (0.88, 1.47), P = 0.33]. CONCLUSION: This study shows that SGLT2i help to delay the progression of non-diabetic kidney disease. Therefore, SGLT2i may contribute to the general treatment of nondiabetic nephropathy.