AI co-pilot bronchoscope robot.

The unequal distribution of medical resources and scarcity of experienced practitioners confine access to bronchoscopy primarily to well-equipped hospitals in developed regions, contributing to the unavailability of bronchoscopic services in underdeveloped areas. Here, we present an artificial intelligence (AI) co-pilot bronchoscope robot that empowers novice doctors to conduct lung examinations as safely and adeptly as experienced colleagues. The system features a user-friendly, plug-and-play catheter, devised for robot-assisted steering, facilitating access to bronchi beyond the fifth generation in average adult patients. Drawing upon historical bronchoscopic videos and expert imitation, our AI-human shared control algorithm enables novice doctors to achieve safe steering in the lung, mitigating misoperations. Both in vitro and in vivo results underscore that our system equips novice doctors with the skills to perform lung examinations as expertly as seasoned practitioners. This study offers innovative strategies to address the pressing issue of medical resource disparities through AI assistance.

Does a hydropower reservoir cascade really harm downstream nutrient regimes.

River damming is believed to largely intercept nutrients, particularly retain more phosphorus (P) than nitrogen (N), and thus harm primary productivity, fishery catches, and food security downstream, which seriously constrain global hydropower development and poverty relief in undeveloped regions and can drive geo-political disputes between nations along trans-boundary rivers. In this study, we investigated whether reservoirs can instead improve nutrient regimes downstream. We measured different species of N and P as well as microbial functions in water and sediment of cascade reservoirs in the upper Mekong River over 5 years and modelled the influx and outflux of N and P species in each reservoir. Despite partially retaining total N and total P, reservoirs increased the downstream flux of ammonium and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP). The increase in ammonium and SRP between outflux and influx showed positive linear relationships with the hydraulic residence time of the cascade reservoirs; and the ratio of SRP to dissolved inorganic nitrogen increased along the reservoir cascade. The lentic environment of reservoirs stimulated algae-mediated conversion of nitrate into ammonium in surface water; the hypoxic condition and the priming effect of algae-induced organic matter enhanced release of ammonium from sediment; the synergy of microbial phosphorylation, reductive condition and sediment geochemical properties increased release of SRP. This study is the first to provide solid evidence that hydropower reservoirs improve downstream nutrient bioavailability and N-P balance through a process of retention-transformation-transport, which may benefit primary productivity. These findings could advance our understanding of the eco-environmental impacts of river damming.

An optimization framework for basin-scale water environmental carrying capacity.

The interaction between water environment and social economy at a basin scale is complex and challenging to quantify. To address this issue, this study proposes an integrated framework that builds parametric connections among water, contaminants, administrative regions, and social activities. The framework, known as the water environmental carrying capacity (WECC) optimization framework, effectively captures the intricacy of the interaction and integrates socio-economic parameter structure relationships, a water environmental model, a WECC optimization model, and a sensitivity analysis of regulatory parameters. Applied to the Anhui-Huaihe Basin in mid-eastern China, the framework considers nine administrative regions and three economic factors: industry, agriculture, and GDP per capita (pGDP). Results show that the current water environmental carrying capacity of the watershed is insufficient to meet socio-economic development requirements. After optimization, the WECC for industry, agriculture, and pGDP in the region increased by 22.40%, 26.59%, and 15.08% respectively. Overall COD and NH4-N discharge decreased by 13.6% and 14.7% respectively, effectively reducing pollution loads in rivers and enhancing sustainable development potential. At the regional scale, optimization for industry, agriculture, and pGDP exhibited different characteristics, but all aimed to improve efficiency by reducing the K value (pollution discharge/output value ratio). Regions with industrial treatment rates (αwt) below 0.8 should prioritize increasing treatment rates, while those above 0.8 should consider industrial upgrading for enhanced efficiency. For agriculture, important sensitive parameters for farming and livestock breeding are the proportion of high standard farmland (αs) and the scale breeding ratio (αb), which should be increased to above 0.15 and 0.83 respectively for all regions to achieve agricultural optimization. For pGDP optimization, the focus is on improving living environments and reducing pollution discharge, with crucial measures including collecting and treating rural domestic sewage, where the rural toilet improvement rate (αt) in each region should be increased to 0.78 or above. The results emphasize the need for both interregional allocation and intraregional planning to achieve comprehensive basin optimization and a harmonious balance between regional development and water environment.

Non­diagnostic electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy biopsy: Predictive factors and final diagnoses.

The present study aimed to explore the final diagnosis of pulmonary nodules with an initial non-diagnostic result on electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) biopsy and the predictive factors for a non-diagnostic result. A total of 198 nodules from 194 patients that were suspected to be malignant tumors were included in the present study. The initial biopsy pathology results were divided into two groups: The diagnostic group and the non-diagnostic group. The diagnostic group was defined as a successful initial biopsy to obtain a diagnosis, including malignant and benign diagnoses. The non-diagnostic group was defined as a non-specific benign diagnosis, normal lung tissue or an unsuccessful biopsy. Among the 198 nodules, 139 (70.2%) were in the diagnostic group and 59 (29.8%) were in the non-diagnostic group. Predictive factors for a non-diagnostic biopsy included nodule size ≤1.5 cm [odds ratio (OR), 2.05; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-4.09], non-solid nodules (OR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.33-5.64) and nodules in the left lung (OR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.27-4.92). Of the 59 non-diagnostic biopsies, 46 were finally confirmed to be malignant by surgery. Notably, non-diagnostic biopsies with non-solid nodules (OR, 7.64; 95% CI, 3.11-18.76) were more likely to be malignant. In conclusion, the predictive factors for a non-diagnostic biopsy were nodule size ≤1.5 cm and non-solid nodules. It was not rare for patients to finally be diagnosed with a malignancy in the non-diagnostic group. Therefore, care should be taken when the results of an ENB are non-diagnostic to prevent misdiagnosis.

The pattern of lymph node metastasis in peripheral pulmonary nodules patients and risk prediction models.

Background: For peripheral pulmonary nodules, the regularity of lymph node (LN) metastasis has not been studied. This study aimed to evaluate the metastasis pattern of intrapulmonary and relevant mediastinal lymph nodes in early-stage lung cancer, and further selected patients who were of low risk of LN metastasis as potential population to receive sub-lobectomy. Methods: This study prospectively included consecutive patients with peripheral clinical T1N0M0 disease who underwent complete resection with LN dissection or sampling from August 2014 to July 2015. The patients were followed up to 15, May 2021. Univariable or multivariable Logistic analysis was used to identify the risk factors. Models predicting LN metastasis risk were conducted. The area under the curve for the receiver operating characteristic curves was used to evaluate the diagnostic value. Disease-free survival and overall survival were compared between groups. Results: Finally, 201 patients were included in this study. For patients with negative tumor-bearing (TB) 13 and 14 station LNs, the positive rate of other lymph node stations was extremely low. Maximum CT value, pleural indentation and CEA level were risk factors for N1 station LNs metastasis. Besides, the factors above and lobulation sign were risk factors for skip metastasis beyond TB 13 and 14 station LNs. We constructed two scoring tables to predict N1 station metastasis and skip metastasis beyond TB 13 and 14 station. The AUC were 0·837 and 0·823, respectively. Based on the first table, 40·9% of patients suffered N1 station LNs metastasis and 27·3% had N2 disease in "high risk group" while the proportion was only 5·7% and 4·5% in "low risk group". For patients with negative TB13 and TB14 station LNs, based on the latter table, 11·1% of patients had N1 stations LNs metastasis and 16·7% had pN2 disease in "high risk group" while only 2·3% patients in "low risk group" suffered this kind of metastasis. Conclusion: For peripheral pulmonary nodules patients, stations 13 and 14 LNs may be the sentinel nodes. For patients with low risk of N1 metastasis and skip metastasis, sub-lobar resection might be sufficient for those who were of negative TB 13 and 14 station LNs.

Dam cascade unveils sediment methylmercury dynamics in reservoirs.

Methylmercury (MeHg) can be bioaccumulated through food chains and adversely affect human health. Reservoirs are reported to stimulate MeHg production, however, the characteristics of MeHg dynamics in cascade reservoirs and the associated relations to sedimentation as well as reservoir properties remained unclear. Here we investigated sediment MeHg dynamics in eight cascade reservoirs in the upper Mekong River. We found significant differences in sediment MeHg concentration between the reservoirs, showing an increase with fluctuations along the reservoirs cascade. However, a novel relationship was found between sediment%MeHg (MeHg/Hg) and the ratio of reservoir hydraulic residence time (HRT) to reservoir age. This relationship is formed by the joint effects of the original deposit of Hg and organic carbon (OC) before impoundment and the subsequent sedimentation of Hg and OC after impoundment. The original deposit is continuously transformed as the reservoir ages, whereas the latter is driven by the annual hydrological cycle and HRT, of which the HRT is dominant. This finding cannot be easily revealed in a single reservoir or by comparing multiple reservoirs in different rivers. The discovery is of great significance to understand Hg geochemical cycling in reservoirs, which is quickly increasing in rivers worldwide.

Robust Orthogonal-View 2-D/3-D Rigid Registration for Minimally Invasive Surgery.

Intra-operative target pose estimation is fundamental in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) to guiding surgical robots. This task can be fulfilled by the 2-D/3-D rigid registration, which aligns the anatomical structures between intra-operative 2-D fluoroscopy and the pre-operative 3-D computed tomography (CT) with annotated target information. Although this technique has been researched for decades, it is still challenging to achieve accuracy, robustness and efficiency simultaneously. In this paper, a novel orthogonal-view 2-D/3-D rigid registration framework is proposed which combines the dense reconstruction based on deep learning and the GPU-accelerated 3-D/3-D rigid registration. First, we employ the X2CT-GAN to reconstruct a target CT from two orthogonal fluoroscopy images. After that, the generated target CT and pre-operative CT are input into the 3-D/3-D rigid registration part, which potentially needs a few iterations to converge the global optima. For further efficiency improvement, we make the 3-D/3-D registration algorithm parallel and apply a GPU to accelerate this part. For evaluation, a novel tool is employed to preprocess the public head CT dataset CQ500 and a CT-DRR dataset is presented as the benchmark. The proposed method achieves 1.65 ± 1.41 mm in mean target registration error(mTRE), 20% in the gross failure rate(GFR) and 1.8 s in running time. Our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in most test cases. It is promising to apply the proposed method in localization and nano manipulation of micro surgical robot for highly precise MIS.

Aortic injury caused by esophageal foreign body-case reports of 3 patients and literature review.

OBJECTIVES: Ingestion of a foreign body can cause different degrees of damage to esophagus, and several complications are potentially life-threatening if not properly handled. The aortic injury caused by a perforating esophageal foreign body is rare but lethal. The optimal management still remains controversial. The purpose of this report is to describe our experience in the management of the aortic injury caused by esophageal foreign body ingestion. METHODS: Between January 2015 and December 2015, we retrospectively enrolled cases of esophageal perforation involving the aorta by foreign body. The general parameters, esophageal foreign body, types of aortic injury, treatment, and outcome were analyzed. Additionally, we reviewed the literature of the management of esophageal perforation involving the aorta caused by foreign bodies. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, and the need for informed consent was waived (Quick review 2019, No. 609). RESULTS: Three cases of esophageal perforation involving the aorta by foreign body was selected in the study. Two male and 1 female patients (range, 51-58 years old) with the aorta involvement caused by a perforating foreign body in the esophagus in 3 forms were identified, including 1 patient with mycotic aortic pseudoaneurysm, 1 patient with aortoesophageal fistula and 1 patient with the aortic intramural hematoma. One patient died of the rupture of the pseudoaneurysm during the preparation of the surgery. The other 2 patients were cured with a multidisciplinary approach, which is an urgent thoracic endovascular aortic repair followed by mediastinal debridement/drainage or endoscopic retrieval. Two of 3 patients were survived until now. CONCLUSION: The management of the aortic injury caused by esophageal foreign body injury is challenging. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management is crucial.

The diagnostic value of a seven-autoantibody panel and a nomogram with a scoring table for predicting the risk of non-small-cell lung cancer.

The early detection of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a common concern. The aim of our study was to validate the diagnostic value of a seven-autoantibody (7-AAB) panel compared with radiological diagnosis for NSCLC. We constructed a nomogram and a scoring table based on the 7-AAB panel's result to predict the risk of NSCLC. We prospectively enrolled 268 patients who presented with radiological lesions and underwent both the 7-AAB panel test and pathological diagnosis by surgical resection. A comparison between the 7-AAB panel and radiological diagnosis was performed. A nomogram and a scoring table based on the 7-AAB panel's result to predict the risk of NSCLC were constructed and internally validated. The 7-AAB panel test had a specificity of 90.2% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 92.7%, which were significantly higher than those of the radiological diagnosis. The 7-AAB panel also showed a preferable sensitivity in patients with early-stage disease. Seven factors, including the 7-AAB panel results, were integrated into the nomogram. For more convenient application, we formulated a scoring table based on the nomogram. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.840 and 0.860 in the training group and validation group, respectively, which was higher than that using the 7-AAB panel or radiological diagnosis alone. This study reveals that our 7-AAB panel has clinical value in the diagnosis of NSCLC. The utility of our nomogram and the scoring table indicated that they have the potential to assist clinicians in avoiding unnecessary treatment or needless follow-up.

Nitrous oxide emissions from cascade hydropower reservoirs in the upper Mekong River.

Nitrous oxide is a powerful greenhouse gas, and its emissions from single reservoirs have been extensively studied; however, it still remains unclear about nitrous oxide emission patterns in cascade reservoirs. In this study, nitrous oxide emissions from cascade hydropower reservoirs were investigated using the thin boundary layer model in the heavily dammed upper Mekong River. Meanwhile, sediment denitrification for nitrous oxide production was analysed using the stable isotope method and the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. Our results demonstrated that nitrous oxide emissions (0.47-1.08 µg m-2h-1) in the upper Mekong River were much lower than the global mean level (19.60 µg m-2h-1), but were increased by dam constructions; nitrous oxide emissions exhibited an increase trend along the flow direction in the cascade reservoirs. Sediment accumulation by dams supplied sufficient nitrogen substrates and organic carbon, creating hotspots of denitrification at the transition zone in reservoirs. As the elevation decreased, the increase in temperature enhanced microbial denitrification at the active zone, and thereby increased nitrous oxide production with the prolonged residence time. This study advanced our knowledge on nitrous oxide emissions from cascade hydropower systems.

PRSS3/Mesotrypsin and kallikrein-related peptidase 5 are associated with poor prognosis and contribute to tumor cell invasion and growth in lung adenocarcinoma.

Serine proteases have been implicated as key drivers and facilitators of lung cancer malignancy, and while these proteins represent straightforward targets for therapeutic inhibitors, identification of optimal points for intervention has been complicated by the complex networks in which these enzymes function. Here we implicate a signaling pathway consisting of PRSS3/mesotrypsin and kallikrein-related peptidase 5 (KLK5) in lung adenocarcinoma malignancy. We show that elevated PRSS3/mesotrypsin expression is prognostic for poor outcome for patients with lung adenocarcinoma, and that genetic or pharmacologic targeting of PRSS3/mesotrypsin reduces lung adenocarcinoma cell invasiveness and proliferation. We further show that genetic targeting of KLK5, a known target of PRSS3/mesotrypsin, phenocopies the effect of PRSS3/mesotrypsin knockdown, and also that elevated expression of KLK5 is similarly prognostic for outcome in lung adenocarcinoma. Finally, we use transcriptional profiling experiments to show that PRSS3/mesotrypsin and KLK5 control a common malignancy-promoting pathway. These experiments implicate a potential PRSS3/mesotrypsin-KLK5 signaling module in lung adenocarcinoma and reveal the potential therapeutic benefit of selectively targeting these pathways.

Semi-quantitative Analysis of EBUS Elastography as a Feasible Approach in Diagnosing Mediastinal and Hilar Lymph Nodes of Lung Cancer Patients.

This study aimed to semi-quantitatively evaluate the elastographic imaging color distribution of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes (LNs), and explored its utility in helping define malignant and benign LNs for lung cancer patients. We prospectively collected patients who underwent preoperative mediastinal staging of suspected lung cancer by EBUS-TBNA. We analyzed the elastography color distribution of each LN and calculated the blue color proportion (BCP). The LN elastographic patterns were compared with the final EBUS-TBNA pathological results. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to evaluate the diagnostic value of BCP. We sampled and analyzed 79 LNs from 60 patients. The average BCP in malignant LNs was remarkably higher than that in benign LNs (57.1% versus 30.8%, P < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the BCP was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.78-0.94). The best cutoff BCP for differentiating between benign and malignant LNs was determined as 36.7%. All the 16 LNs (20.3%) with a BCP lower than 27.9% were diagnosed as benign tissues. Our study suggests that elastography is a feasible technique that may safely help to predict LN metastasis during EBUS-TBNA. We found a clear BCP cutoff value to help define positive and negative LNs.

Comparison of ALK status between primary and corresponding lymph node metastatic tumors in lung cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) protein has recently become a promising target in the treatment of non-small cell lung carcinomas(NSCLC) patients with ALK translocation because of the high response rates obtained with an ALK inhibitor. ALK translocations are present in approximately 3-5% of NSCLC patients. According to the literature, little information about the relationship of ALK status between the primary tumor and metastatic sites has been reported. We intended to determine whether the ALK translocations of primary lung cancers are consistent with those in corresponding metastatic lymph node tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed ALK translocations from paired primary and metastatic lymph node tumors in 78 lung cancer patients who had not received TKI before the tissues were sampled. RESULTS: Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) methods, all 45 patients with ALK translocation-positive primary lung tumors had translocations in the metastases. For 33 patients who were ALK negative in the primary tumors, 1 (3%) was ALK positive in their metastatic tumors. CONCLUSION: According to a paired t-test, there is no significant difference between primary lung tumors and metastatic sites. Analysis of ALK translocations in the primary lung tumor would be suitable for planning the use of a TKI for advanced NSCLC, but it would be better to detect metastasis specimens as ALK negative specimens if both primary and metastatic specimens have developed.

Clinical Nomogram for Predicting Survival of Esophageal Cancer Patients after Esophagectomy.

The aim of this study was to construct an effective clinical nomogram for predicting the survival of esophageal cancer patients after esophagectomy. We identified esophageal cancer patients (n = 4,281) who underwent esophagectomy between 1988 and 2007 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 registries database. Clinically significant parameters for survival were used to construct a nomogram based on Cox regression analyses. The model was validated using bootstrap resampling and a Chinese cohort (n = 145). A total of 4,109 patients from the SEER database were included for analysis. The multivariate analyses showed that the factors of age, race, histology, tumor site, tumor size, grade and depth of invasion, and the numbers of metastases and retrieved nodes were independent prognostic factors. All of these factors were selected into the nomogram. The nomogram showed a clear prognostic superiority over the seventh AJCC-TNM classification (C-index: SEER cohort, 0.716 vs 0.693, respectively; P < 0.01; Chinese cohort, 0.699 vs 0.680, respectively; P < 0.01). Calibration of the nomogram predicted the probabilities of 3- and 5-year survival, which corresponded closely with the actual survival rates. This novel prognostic model may improve clinicians' abilities to predict individualized survival and to make treatment recommendations.

Log Odds of Positive Lymph Nodes Predicts Survival in Patients After Resection for Esophageal Cancer.

BACKGROUND: The number of lymph node metastases (LNMs) and the positive lymph node ratio (LNR) have been shown to be significant independent prognostic factors in predicting overall survival in patients with esophageal cancer. Our aim was to evaluate whether a novel prognostic indicator-the log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS)-predicts survival in esophageal cancer. METHODS: Patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancer between 1988 and 2007 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of 18 registries, and a Chinese patient cohort was subjected to validation. The prognostic efficacy of LNM, LNR, and LODDS was compared. Prognostic performance was measured using Harrell's C-index statistic, Schemper's proportion of explained variation, and the Akaike information criterion (AIC). RESULTS: A total of 4,123 patients in the SEER database and 134 patients in the Chinese cohort met our criteria in this study. LODDS gave a better prognostic performance than either LNM or LNR in both the SEER database and the Chinese cohort. Multivariate analyses showed significant values for LNM, LNR, and LODDS as prognostic factors (p < 0.001). However, only LODDS was a significant prognostic factor regardless of the number of lymph nodes retrieved (p = 0.677). Furthermore, after stratification of patients with no nodes involved or all nodes involved, the values of LODDS still distinguished the heterogeneity efficiently. CONCLUSIONS: LODDS predicts survival more accurately than either LNM or LNR in patients undergoing resection for esophageal cancer, especially for patients with an insufficient number of lymph nodes retrieved.

Barbed versus traditional sutures for wound closure in knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Sutures are an increasing focus of research in knee arthroplasty (KA). Whether knotless barbed sutures (KBS) are safe and efficient in KA remains controversial. The objective of our study is to compare the clinical outcomes of KA according to wound closure method: KBS versus knotted traditional sutures (KTS). To clarify this, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nine articles involving 10 studies were included in this study. The dataset consisted of 1729 patients with 1754 KA. Among these, 814 patients' wounds were closed with KBS and 915 with KTS. Our analysis indicates that KBS is preferable for KA wound closure given its shorter wound closure time and lower total cost; postoperative Knee Society scores and complication rates were similar to those of surgeries using KTS. The subgroup analysis revealed that closure of arthrotomy with KBS appears to be associated with a lower risk of complications. This meta-analysis indicates that use of KBS in KA reduces operative time and cost. KBS is the preferred option for wound closures, including arthrotomy and reattachment of subcutaneous and subcuticular tissues. Given the possible biases, adequately powered and better-designed studies with longer follow-up are required to reach a firmer conclusion.

Loss of ß-arrestin1 expression predicts unfavorable prognosis for non-small cell lung cancer patients.

We aimed to study the expression status of ß-arrestin1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) specimens and its clinicopathologic significance. The correlation between ß-arrestin1 and the tumor migration biomarker E-cadherin, as well as smoking index were studied. A total of 152 patients with NSCLC who undergone surgery were enrolled. Altogether, 88 lung squamous cell lung cancer (SCC) specimens and 64 adenocarcinoma (ADC) specimens were tested for immunohistochemistry. Patients' survival was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine independent prognostic factors. Spearman rank correlation test was used to show data associations. For SCC patients, the expression of ß-arrestin1 was either lost (56 of 88, 63.6 %) or low (32 of 88, 36.4 %), which was significantly and negatively associated with E-cadherin expression (P = 0.017). The similar correlation existed between smoking index and ß-arrestin1 expression (P = 0.044). For ADC patients, the deletion of ß-arrestin1 expression was rare (4 of 64, 6.3 %). Loss of ß-arrestin1 expression indicated poorer survival for both SCC (P = 0.026) and ADC patients (P = 0.006). ß-arrestin1 expression was detected in the other ADC specimens but showed no significant correlation with survival. In SCC patients, the loss expression of ß-arrestin1 was frequently observed, and ß-arrestin1 expression was significantly correlated with the smoking index and E-cadherin expression, which all indicated ß-arrestin1's significant clinicopathologic role. However, ß-arrestin1 was expressed in most ADC patients, but its clinicopathologic role seemed to be obscure and might need further exploration.

Indwelling versus Intermittent Urinary Catheterization following Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to compare the rates of urinary tract infection (UTI) and postoperative urinary retention (POUR) in patients undergoing lower limb arthroplasty after either indwelling urinary catheterization or intermittent urinary catheterization. METHODS: We conducted a meta-analysis of relevant randomized controlled trials (RCT) to compare the rates of UTI and POUR in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty after either indwelling urinary catheterization or intermittent urinary catheterization. A comprehensive search was carried out to identify RCTs. Study-specific risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled. Additionally, a meta-regression analysis, as well as a sensitivity analysis, was performed to evaluate the heterogeneity. RESULTS: Nine RCTs with 1771 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the rate of UTIs between indwelling catheterization and intermittent catheterization groups (P>0.05). Moreover, indwelling catheterization reduced the risk of POUR, versus intermittent catheterization, in total joint surgery (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of the meta-analysis, indwelling urinary catheterization, removed 24-48 h postoperatively, was superior to intermittent catheterization in preventing POUR. Furthermore, indwelling urinary catheterization with removal 24 to 48 hours postoperatively did not increase the risk of UTI. In patients with multiple risk factors for POUR undergoing total joint arthroplasty of lower limb, the preferred option should be indwelling urinary catheterization removed 24-48 h postoperatively. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level I.

Lower mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is associated with unfavorable prognosis of resected lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: The association of preoperative red blood cell indexes in non-anemic patients undergoing lung resections for non-small-cell lung cancer with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) has never been investigated. METHODS: We retrospectively examined the impact of preoperative red blood cell indexes on RFS and OS and the relationships between the indexes and clinicopathological factors in lung cancer. RESULTS: A total of 649 patients were evaluated. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was showed as an independent prognostic factor in all patients for OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.697; 95% CI: 0.502-0.969; p = 0.032) and RFS (HR: 0.688; 95% CI: 0.519-0.914; p = 0.010). The mean corpuscular volume was an independent prognostic factor in all patients for OS (HR: 0.589; 95% CI: 0.380-0.912; p = 0.018), but not for RFS (HR: 0.684; 95% CI: 0.461-1.015; p = 0.059). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is an independent prognostic factor for OS and RFS in non-small-cell lung cancer.

The synergistic effect of humanized monoclonal antibodies targeting insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and chemotherapy.

IGF-1R, an important member of the IGF signaling system, is a plasma-membrane-bound receptor composed of two α-subunits and two ß-subunits. IGF-1R has been revealed to play a pivotal role in cancer cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and phenotype transformation, resulting uncontrolled tumor-cell growth. During the last decades, IGF-1R monoclonal antibody combined with chemotherapeutic agents as a novel cancer treatment approach has shown synergistic effect in cancer treatment in some preclinical and clinical trials. Prolonged progression-free survival rate, objective response rate and stable disease were shown in some sorts of cancer patients compared to those implemented traditional standard chemotherapy. However, not all related clinical trials demonstrated expected promising outcomes. Most treatment-related adverse events in those studies are mild and manageable. The most frequently happened side effect is hyperglycemia in majorities of combined cancer therapy studies. Herein, we summarized the recent online and published literatures concerning the safety, tolerability, anti-tumor activity and adverse events of this novel strategy. Besides, this work attempts to provide convincible evidence to warrant further investigation to identify prognostic biomarkers on neoplasm.