The Prevalence of Shoulder and Elbow Pathology in Major League Baseball Prospects From the Dominican Republic.

BACKGROUND: Rates of shoulder and elbow pathology are well documented among competitive baseball players in the United States; however, little is known about the prevalence of these pathologies in the Dominican Republic (DR). PURPOSE: To report the epidemiology of shoulder and elbow pathology among participants at a Major League Baseball scouting event in Santo Domingo, DR. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective descriptive study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3. METHODS: All pitchers and position players who attended the 2021 scouting event were reviewed. Those with complete medical history, physical examination, imaging series, and radiology reports were included. All participants underwent shoulder and elbow radiography, while pitchers also underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All pathologic findings on imaging studies were recorded and compared among position players and pitchers. RESULTS: Seventy-five participants (average age, 17.9 years) were reviewed (42 position players, 33 pitchers); 72% and 32% had ≥1 abnormal finding on elbow and shoulder radiographs, respectively. Position players had significantly higher numbers of elbow radiographic findings compared with pitchers (81% vs 57.6%, P = 0.03) but similar numbers on shoulder radiograph (28.6% vs 33.3%, P = 0.66). Position players had high numbers of acromioclavicular separation (14.3%) and little leaguer's shoulder (14.3%) on shoulder radiograph, with olecranon osteophytes (23.8%) and medial epicondyle nonunions (11.9%) prevalent on elbow radiograph. Pitchers had high numbers of rotator cuff pathology (93.9%), labral tears (75.8%), and Bennett lesions (51.5%). On elbow imaging, pitchers had high numbers of ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) abnormalities (81.8%), olecranon osteophytes (69.7%), osteochondral lesions (18.2%), and medial epicondyle nonunions (12.1%). Two pitchers had complete UCL disruption (6.1%), while 8 had partial tears (24.2%). CONCLUSION: Dominican baseball prospects had high numbers of asymptomatic shoulder and elbow pathology on imaging studies. Knowledge of the prevalence of these pathologies can guide injury prevention programs in Dominican youth baseball.

Single-cell analysis of peri-implant gingival tissue to assess implant biocompatibility and immune response.

PURPOSE: The innate immune response, particularly the reaction of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), is crucial in shaping the outcomes of chronic inflammation, fibrosis, or osseointegration following biomaterial implantation. Peri-implantitis or peri-mucositis, inflammatory conditions linked to dental implants, pose a significant threat to implant success. We developed a single-cell analysis approach using a murine model to assess the immune response to implant materials, offering a practical screening tool for potential dental implants. METHODS: We performed bioinformatics analysis and established a peri-implant inflammation model by inserting two titanium implants into the maxillary region, to examine the immune response. RESULTS: Bioinformatics analysis revealed that titanium implants triggered a host immune response, primarily mediated by PMNs. In the in vivo experiments, we observed a rapid PMN-mediated response, with increased infiltration around the implants and on the implant surface by day 3. Remarkably, PMN attachment to the implants persisted for 7 days, resembling the immune profiles seen in human implant-mediated inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that persistent attachment of the short-living PMNs to titanium implants can serve as an indicator or traits of peri-implant inflammation. Therefore, analyzing gingival tissue at the single-cell level could be a useful tool for evaluating the biocompatibility of candidate dental implants.

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in necrotic tumors after melanoma neoadjuvant anti-PD1 therapy correlate with pathological response and recurrence-free survival.

PURPOSE: Neoadjuvant anti-PD1 therapy in melanoma may increase tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and more TILs are associated with better treatment response. A major pathological response (MPR) in melanoma after neoadjuvant anti-PD1 therapy usually comprises tumor necrosis and fibrosis. The role of TILs in necrotic tumor necrosis (nTILs) has not been explored. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We performed CD3 and CD8 immunohistochemical stains on 41 melanomas with geographic necrosis. 14 were immunotherapy-naïve, and 27 had been treated with one dose of neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 in two clinical trials. CD3+ and CD8+ nTILs were graded as absent/minimal or moderate/brisk. The percentage of necrotic areas in the tumor bed before and after treatment was quantified. Endpoints were MPR and 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS). RESULTS: In the immunotherapy-naïve cohort, 3/14 (21%) specimens had moderate/brisk CD3+, and 2/14 (14%) had moderate/brisk CD8+ nTILs. In the treated cohort, 16/27 (59%) specimens had moderate/brisk CD3+, and 15/27 (56%) had moderate/brisk CD8+ nTILs, higher than the naïve cohort (CD3, p=0.046; CD8, p=0.018). Tumor necrosis was significantly increased after anti-PD1 therapy (p=0.007). In the treated cohort, moderate/brisk CD3+ and CD8+ nTILs correlated with MPR (p=0.042, p=0.019, respectively). Treated patients with moderate/brisk CD3+ nTILs had higher 5-year RFS than those with absent/minimal nTILs (69% versus 0%; p=0.006). This persisted on multivariate analysis (HR 0.16, 95% CI 0.03-0.84, p=0.03), adjusted for pathologic response, which was borderline significant (HR 0.26, 95% CI 0.07-1.01, p=0.051). CONCLUSIONS: CD3+ and CD8+ nTILs are associated with pathological response and 5-year RFS in melanoma patients after neoadjuvant anti-PD1 therapy.

Evaluation of dupilumab on the disease burden in children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis: A population-based cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Dupilumab is the first and only biologic agent approved for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in pediatric patients aged from 6 months to 17 years. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of dupilumab on the occurrence of comorbidities in pediatric patients with AD. METHODS: In this population-based cohort study, we utilized electronic health records from multiple healthcare organizations across the United States. Pediatric patients (<18 years of age) with a diagnosis of AD initiating dupilumab were propensity-score matched 1:1 to those initiating other systemic agents (azathioprine, cyclosporine, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, or systemic corticosteroids). The primary outcomes were new-onset comorbidities emerging during the study period measured by the risk ratio (RR) and its confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analyses were stratified by age (0-5 years, 6-11 years, and 12-17 years), sex, and race. RESULTS: A total of 3575 pediatric patients with AD treated with dupilumab were matched to 3575 patients treated with other systemic agents. The dupilumab cohort was associated with a lowered risk of new-onset atopic comorbidities (including asthma [RR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.59-0.89] and allergic rhinitis [RR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.52-0.74]), infections (e.g., skin and soft tissue infection [RR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.63-0.76] and respiratory tract infection [RR = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.51-0.61]), psychiatric disorders (e.g., mood disorder [RR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.39-0.70] and anxiety [RR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.46-0.70], sleep disturbance [RR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.47-0.77]), neurologic and developmental disorders (e.g., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [RR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.38-0.75]). Furthermore, the positive effects are found to be more pronounced in younger children (aged 0-5 years) with AD. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with dupilumab compared to systemic agents resulted in reductions in AD-related comorbidities in pediatric patients.

Corrigendum: Risk of primary Sjogren's Syndrome following human papillomavirus infections: a nationwide population-based cohort study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.967040.].

Comparative safety of oral Janus kinase inhibitors and dupilumab in patients with atopic dermatitis: a population-based cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Systemic Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) and dupilumab both have emerged as promising therapeutics for atopic dermatitis (AD). While dupilumab has a favorable safety profile, use of oral JAKi has been established in other diseases that carry potential comorbid susceptibilities that influence safety. OBJECTIVE: To provide real-world evidence of the safety of oral JAKi in AD patients. METHODS: The study used observational data from TriNetX (Cambridge, Massachusetts). Patients with AD treated with either oral JAKi (upadacitinib, abrocitinib, and baricitinib) or dupilumab were enrolled. The two treatment groups were propensity-score matched 1:1 based on demographics, comorbidities, and prior medications. Safety outcomes within two years after the initiation of medications were measured by hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: A total of 14,716 patients were included, with 942 patients treated with oral JAKi and 13,774 with dupilumab. The two treatment groups included 938 patients after matching. Treatment with oral JAKi was not associated with increased risks of mortality, malignancies, major adverse cardiovascular events, venous thromboembolism, renal events, or serious gastrointestinal events. However, patients receiving oral JAKi showed significantly higher risks of skin and subcutaneous tissue infection, herpes infection, acne, cytopenia, and hyperlipidemia, whereas the risk of ophthalmic complications was higher in those receiving dupilumab. CONCLUSION: This study found that oral JAKi did not exhibit concerning safety issues in treating patients with AD but increased the risk of infections and laboratory abnormalities. Long-term follow-up data are required to validate these findings.

Effectiveness of Updated 2023-2024 (Monovalent XBB.1.5) COVID-19 Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB and BA.2.86/JN.1 Lineage Hospitalization and a Comparison of Clinical Severity-IVY Network, 26 Hospitals, October 18, 2023-March 9, 2024.

BACKGROUND: Assessing variant-specific COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) and severity can inform public health risk assessments and decisions about vaccine composition. BA.2.86 and its descendants, including JN.1 (referred to collectively as "JN lineages"), emerged in late 2023 and exhibited substantial divergence from co-circulating XBB lineages. METHODS: We analyzed patients hospitalized with COVID-19-like illness at 26 hospitals in 20 U.S. states admitted October 18, 2023-March 9, 2024. Using a test-negative, case-control design, we estimated effectiveness of an updated 2023-2024 (Monovalent XBB.1.5) COVID-19 vaccine dose against sequence-confirmed XBB and JN lineage hospitalization using logistic regression. Odds of severe outcomes, including intensive care unit (ICU) admission and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) or death, were compared for JN versus XBB lineage hospitalizations using logistic regression. RESULTS: 585 case-patients with XBB lineages, 397 case-patients with JN lineages, and 4,580 control-patients were included. VE in the first 7-89 days after receipt of an updated dose was 54.2% (95% CI = 36.1%-67.1%) against XBB lineage hospitalization and 32.7% (95% CI = 1.9%-53.8%) against JN lineage hospitalization. Odds of ICU admission (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.80; 95% CI = 0.46-1.38) and IMV or death (aOR 0.69; 95% CI = 0.34-1.40) were not significantly different among JN compared to XBB lineage hospitalizations. CONCLUSIONS: Updated 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccination provided protection against both XBB and JN lineage hospitalization, but protection against the latter may be attenuated by immune escape. Clinical severity of JN lineage hospitalizations was not higher relative to XBB.

Periodontitis is an immune-related adverse event associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A multi-center cohort study.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs) across various organ systems including oral health complications such as dry mouth and stomatitis. In this study, we aimed to determine the risk of periodontitis among patients on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and to test the associations between ICI-associated periodontitis and other immune-related adverse events (irAEs). We performed a retrospective cohort study involving adult cancer patients between January 2010 and November 2021. Patients on an ICI were propensity score-matched to patients not on an ICI. The primary outcome was the occurrence of periodontitis. ICIs included programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors. The risk of periodontitis following ICI use was derived through a Cox proportional hazard model and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Overall, 868 patients on an ICI were matched to patients not on an ICI. Among the ICI cohort, 41 (4.7 %) patients developed periodontitis. The incidence rate of periodontitis was significantly higher in patients on an ICI than in patients not on an ICI (55.3 vs 25.8 per 100 patient-years, incidence rate ratio = 2.14, 95 % CI = 1.38-3.33). Both the use of PD-L1 inhibitors (multivariate HR = 2.5, 95%CI = 1.3-4.7) and PD-1 inhibitors (multivariate HR = 2.0, 95%CI = 1.2-3.2) were associated with the risk of periodontitis. The presence of immune-related periodontitis was associated with better overall survival (not reached vs 17 months, log-rank p-value<0.001), progression-free survival (14.9 vs 5.6 months, log-rank p-value = 0.01), and other concomitant immune-related cutaneous adverse events. In conclusion, ICI was associated with an increased risk of periodontitis. Immune-related periodontitis as an irAE was associated with better cancer survival and concomitant cutaneous irAEs.

Predraft elbow magnetic resonance imaging in major league baseball pitchers.

BACKGROUND: Prior to the Major League Baseball (MLB) draft, some pitchers undergo predraft magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study aimed to evaluate pre-draft elbow MRI on baseball pitchers who were entering the MLB draft to determine the presence or absence of pathology, the associations between these pathologies and ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tears, and interobserver reliability regarding common MRI pathology. METHODS: Predraft elbow MRI performed on prospective MLB pitchers between 2011 and 2017 were deidentified and then reviewed by two separate authors. The authors graded the MRI on several factors including presence or absence of: UCL ossification, UCL appearance (heterogeneous or not), UCL thickening (and location), UCL tear (partial vs. full thickness and location), muscle strain, flexor tendon tear, posteromedial osteophyte, sublime tubercle enthesophyte, and osseous stress reactions. RESULTS: Overall, 245 predraft elbow MRI were reviewed. MRI abnormalities were found in 70% (171/245) of pitchers. UCL thickening was found in 20% (50/245) of pitchers. Regarding UCL tears, 3% had a full thickness tear and 24% had a partial thickness tear. Of full thickness tears, 86% were distal and 1 was midsubstance. Of partial thickness tears, 41% (24/58) were distal, 12% (7/58) were midsubstance, and 47% (27/58) were proximal. Periligamentous edema was present in 36% of pitchers while 14% had a flexor pronator muscle strain. CONCLUSION: The majority (70%) of pitchers entering the MLB draft had abnormal findings on their MRI, most commonly involving changes to the UCL. Interobserver reliability was acceptable following the definition of pathology when reading predraft elbow MRI on MLB prospects.

Endometriosis and Sjögren's syndrome: Bidirectional associations in population-based 15-year retrospective cohorts.

INTRODUCTION: Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder affecting salivary and lacrimal glands, while endometriosis involves uterine-like tissue growth outside the uterus, causing pelvic pain and infertility. Investigating their intricate relationship using real-world data is crucial due to limited research on their connection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This population-based cohort study included patients with endometriosis and controls without endometriosis. Propensity score matching was used to balance baseline differences in demographic and clinic characteristics between the two groups. Cox proportional hazards model were used to estimate the effect of endometriosis on the risk of new-onset pSS over time. A symmetrical cohort study, including patients with pSS and propensity score-matched controls without pSS, was conducted to investigate the effect of pSS on the risk of endometriosis over time. To elaborate on the mechanisms linking endometriosis and pSS, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was performed to identify activated pathways in eutopic endometrium from patients with endometriosis and parotid tissues from patients with pSS. RESULTS: A total of 15 947 patients with endometriosis and 15 947 propensity score-matched controls without endometriosis were included. Patients with endometriosis presented a significantly greater risk of pSS compared to non-endometriosis controls (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.29-1.91, p < 0.001). In the symmetrical cohort study, which included 4906 pSS patients and 4,906 propensity score-matched controls without pSS, patients with pSS were found to be at a significantly higher risk of endometriosis compared to non-pSS controls (aHR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.12-2.04, p = 0.012). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed that the underlying cellular mechanisms involved autoimmune-related pathways, including activation of dendritic cell maturation, and chronic inflammatory pathways, including the fibrosis signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support a bidirectional association between endometriosis and pSS, which may be driven by dendritic cell maturation and fibrosis signaling pathways.

Effectiveness of Updated 2023-2024 (Monovalent XBB.1.5) COVID-19 Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB and BA.2.86/JN.1 Lineage Hospitalization and a Comparison of Clinical Severity - IVY Network, 26 Hospitals, October 18, 2023-March 9, 2024.

Background: Assessing COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) and severity of SARS-CoV-2 variants can inform public health risk assessments and decisions about vaccine composition. BA.2.86 and its descendants, including JN.1 (referred to collectively as "JN lineages"), emerged in late 2023 and exhibited substantial genomic divergence from co-circulating XBB lineages. Methods: We analyzed patients hospitalized with COVID-19-like illness at 26 hospitals in 20 U.S. states admitted October 18, 2023-March 9, 2024. Using a test-negative, case-control design, we estimated the effectiveness of an updated 2023-2024 (Monovalent XBB.1.5) COVID-19 vaccine dose against sequence-confirmed XBB and JN lineage hospitalization using logistic regression. Odds of severe outcomes, including intensive care unit (ICU) admission and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) or death, were compared for JN versus XBB lineage hospitalizations using logistic regression. Results: 585 case-patients with XBB lineages, 397 case-patients with JN lineages, and 4,580 control-patients were included. VE in the first 7-89 days after receipt of an updated dose was 54.2% (95% CI = 36.1%-67.1%) against XBB lineage hospitalization and 32.7% (95% CI = 1.9%-53.8%) against JN lineage hospitalization. Odds of ICU admission (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.80; 95% CI = 0.46-1.38) and IMV or death (aOR 0.69; 95% CI = 0.34-1.40) were not significantly different among JN compared to XBB lineage hospitalizations. Conclusions: Updated 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccination provided protection against both XBB and JN lineage hospitalization, but protection against the latter may be attenuated by immune escape. Clinical severity of JN lineage hospitalizations was not higher relative to XBB lineage hospitalizations.

MRI-Based Prediction of Clinical Improvement after Ventricular Shunt Placement for Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: Development and Evaluation of an Integrated Multisequence Machine Learning Algorithm.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) are sometimes refractory to shunt placement, with limited ability to predict improvement for individual patients. We evaluated an MRI-based artificial intelligence method to predict postshunt NPH symptom improvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with NPH who underwent MRI before shunt placement at a single center (2014-2021) were identified. Twelve-month postshunt improvement in mRS, incontinence, gait, and cognition were retrospectively abstracted from clinical documentation. 3D deep residual neural networks were built on skull-stripped T2-weighted and FLAIR images. Predictions based on both sequences were fused by additional network layers. Patients from 2014-2019 were used for parameter optimization, while those from 2020-2021 were used for testing. Models were validated on an external validation data set from a second institution (n = 33). RESULTS: Of 249 patients, n = 201 and n = 185 were included in the T2-based and FLAIR-based models according to imaging availability. The combination of T2-weighted and FLAIR sequences offered the best performance in mRS and gait improvement predictions relative to models trained on imaging acquired by using only 1 sequence, with area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) values of 0.7395 [0.5765-0.9024] for mRS and 0.8816 [0.8030-0.9602] for gait. For urinary incontinence and cognition, combined model performances on predicting outcomes were similar to FLAIR-only performance, with AUROC values of 0.7874 [0.6845-0.8903] and 0.7230 [0.5600-0.8859]. CONCLUSIONS: Application of a combined algorithm by using both T2-weighted and FLAIR sequences offered the best image-based prediction of postshunt symptom improvement, particularly for gait and overall function in terms of mRS.

Is Workload Associated With Oblique Injuries in Professional Baseball Players?

Background: Oblique strains have become a common injury among professional baseball players. The influence of player workload on oblique strains remains unknown. Purpose/Hypothesis: To determine whether workload is a risk factor for oblique strains in professional baseball players. We hypothesized that fewer days of rest, more innings pitched/fielded per game, and more batters faced/plate appearances per game would significantly increase a player's risk of sustaining an oblique strain. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: All professional baseball players who sustained an oblique strain between 2011 and 2017 were identified using the Major League Baseball Health and Injury Tracking System. A separate dataset of player usage-days of rest per game, innings pitched or fielded per game, and batters faced or plate appearances per game-was used to determine the workload. We compared these usage variables between player games ≤2, ≤6, ≤12, and >12 weeks before a documented oblique strain with player games from a control group of players with no oblique strains. In a paired analysis, we compared acute (player games ≤2, ≤6, and ≤12 weeks preinjury) versus chronic (player games >12 weeks preinjury) workloads. Results: There were 311 oblique strains in pitchers and 392 oblique strains in position players during the study period. In pitchers, more innings pitched and more batters faced were associated with a subsequent oblique strain (P < .001 for all). In position players, fewer days of rest, more innings fielded, and more plate appearances were associated with a subsequent oblique strain (P < .001 for all). Pitchers who pitched ≥7 innings per game had a 2.4-fold (95% CI, 1.4-4.9) increased risk of subsequent oblique strain compared with those who pitched 1 inning per game. The percentage of position players with a subsequent oblique strain increased by 2.1-fold (95% CI, 1.3-3.5) with >4 plate appearances compared with 1 plate appearance per game. Conclusion: Our analysis demonstrated that workload was associated with an increased risk of sustaining an oblique injury in professional baseball players. High workload over time was more predictive of oblique strains compared to acute increases over chronic baseline workload.

Treatment with Antihistamines and the Risk of Liver Cancer in Patients with Viral Hepatitis: A Multi-Center Cohort Study.

Background: The effects of antihistamines on cancer risk and prognosis have been inconsistent across cancers. The aim of this multi-center cohort study was to investigate the association between antihistamine use and the risk of liver cancer in individuals with viral hepatitis. Methods: This multi-center cohort study included individuals diagnosed with hepatitis B or hepatitis C between January 2008 and March 2022. For antihistamine-treated patients, the index date was the date of antihistamine prescription, and for non-users, it was the date of hepatitis diagnosis. Participants were followed for five years, with the primary outcome of interest being new-onset liver cancer. The incidence rate and the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) along with its 95% confidence interval (CI) of the outcome were calculated. Subgroup analyses were conducted, stratified by types of viral hepatitis including hepatitis C and hepatitis B. An additional validation study was performed. Results: The study included a total of 7748 patients with viral hepatitis. The incidence rate was 12.58 per 1000 person-years in patients with viral hepatitis on antihistamines, compared to 3.88 per 1000 person-years in those without antihistamine use. After adjusting for factors including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, laboratory data of liver function tests, comedications, and the use of antiviral therapies, the risk of new-onset liver cancer was significantly higher in patients on antihistamines (aHR = 1.83, 95% CI, 1.28-2.60). In patients with hepatitis C, the incidence rate in the antihistamine group was 15.73 per 1000 person-years, while non-users had a rate of 4.79 per 1000 person-years. Patients with hepatitis C on antihistamines had a significantly higher risk of developing liver cancer (aHR = 3.24, 95% CI, 2.16-4.86). Conclusions: This multi-center cohort study reported an increased risk of liver cancer in patients with hepatitis B or hepatitis C treated with antihistamines. Long-term follow-up studies are warranted to validate the findings.

Using YOLO v7 to Detect Kidney in Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Introduction: This study explores the use of the latest You Only Look Once (YOLO V7) object detection method to enhance kidney detection in medical imaging by training and testing a modified YOLO V7 on medical image formats. Methods: Study includes 878 patients with various subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and 206 patients with normal kidneys. A total of 5657 MRI scans for 1084 patients were retrieved. 326 patients with 1034 tumors recruited from a retrospective maintained database, and bounding boxes were drawn around their tumors. A primary model was trained on 80% of annotated cases, with 20% saved for testing (primary test set). The best primary model was then used to identify tumors in the remaining 861 patients and bounding box coordinates were generated on their scans using the model. Ten benchmark training sets were created with generated coordinates on not-segmented patients. The final model used to predict the kidney in the primary test set. We reported the positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity, and mean average precision (mAP). Results: The primary training set showed an average PPV of 0.94 ± 0.01, sensitivity of 0.87 ± 0.04, and mAP of 0.91 ± 0.02. The best primary model yielded a PPV of 0.97, sensitivity of 0.92, and mAP of 0.95. The final model demonstrated an average PPV of 0.95 ± 0.03, sensitivity of 0.98 ± 0.004, and mAP of 0.95 ± 0.01. Conclusion: Using a semi-supervised approach with a medical image library, we developed a high-performing model for kidney detection. Further external validation is required to assess the model's generalizability.