Effects of supplementing direct-fed microbials on health and growth of pre-weaning Gyr × Holstein dairy calves.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of direct-fed microbials (DFM) on health and growth responses of pre-weaning Bos indicus × B. taurus (Gyr × Holstein) crossbred calves. Ninety newborn heifer calves [initial body weight (BW) 35 ± 4.0 kg] were used. At birth, calves were ranked by initial BW and parity of the dam and assigned to: 1) whole milk without DFM supplementation (CON; n = 30), 2) whole milk with the addition of 1.0 g/calf per day of a Bacillus-based DFM (BAC; n = 30), or 3) whole milk with the addition of 1.0 g/calf per day of BAC and 1.2 g/calf per day of Enterococcus faecium 669 (MIX; n = 30). Milk was fed individually during the study (77 d) and the BAC and MIX treatments were offered daily throughout the 77-d pre-weaning period. All calves were offered a starter supplement and corn silage starting on d 1 and 60 of age, respectively. Milk and starter supplement intake were evaluated daily, and BW was recorded on d 0 and at weaning (d 77). Diarrhea and pneumonia were assessed daily, and fecal samples were collected on d 0, 7, 14, 21, and at weaning (d 77) for assessment of the presence of bacterial and protozoal pathogens via qPCR. All data were analyzed using SAS (v. 9.4) with calf as the experimental unit and using single-df orthogonal contrasts (BAC + MIX vs. CON; BAC vs. MIX). Daily feeding of DFM, regardless of type, improved weaning BW. Odds ratio for occurrence of pneumonia was lower for DFM-supplemented calves, but occurrence of both did not differ between BAC and MIX calves. No Salmonella spp. or E. coli F41 were detected in any of the calves. The proportion of calves positive for E. coli F17 was greater for DFM calves on d 7 (92 and 96% vs. 81% for BAC, MIX, and CON, respectively), 21 (13 and 26% vs. 7% for BAC, MIX, and CON, respectively), and at weaning (48 and 35% vs. 22% for BAC, MIX, and CON, respectively). For C. difficile, more DFM calves were positive on d 7 (65 and 30% vs. 35% for BAC, MIX, and CON, respectively) and 14 (20 and 28% vs. 7% for BAC, MIX, and CON, respectively), but also greater for BAC vs. MIX on d 7. More CON calves were positive for C. perfringens on d 14 (14% vs. 3 and 8% for CON, BAC, and MIX, respectively) compared with DFM-fed calves. Incidence of calves positive for C. perfringens was greater in BAC vs. MIX on d 7 (50 vs. 18%), and greater for MIX vs. BAC at weaning (9 vs. 0%). For protozoa occurrence, a lower proportion of DFM calves were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. on d 7 (58 and 48% vs. 76% for BAC, MIX, and CON, respectively), but opposite results were observed on d 21 for Cryptosporidium spp. (3 and 11% vs. 0% for BAC, MIX, and CON, respectively) and Eimeria spp. on d 14 (7 and 8% vs. 0% for BAC, MIX, and CON, respectively) and 21 (50 and 59% vs. 38% for BAC, MIX, and CON, respectively). In summary, DFM feeding alleviated the occurrence of pneumonia, improved growth rates, while also modulating the prevalence of bacteria and protozoa in pre-weaning Gyr × Holstein calves.

Fluoxetine alters rat's milk properties causing impact on offspring's development.

Fluoxetine is an antidepressant used to treat several conditions including postpartum depression. This disease causes cognitive, emotional, behavioral and physical changes, negatively affecting the mother, child and family life. However, fluoxetine is excreted in breast milk, causing short and long-term effects on children who were exposed to the drug during lactation, so studies that seek to uncover the consequences of these effects are needed. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fluoxetine on the nutritional characteristics of milk and on growth and neurobehavioral development of the offspring on a rat model. Lactating rats were divided into 4 groups: control group and three experimental groups, which were treated with different doses of fluoxetine (1, 10 and 20 mg/kg) during the lactation. Dams body weight and milk properties were measured, as well as offspring's growth and physical and neurobehavioral development. Results showed that the use of fluoxetine during lactation decreased dam's body weight and alters milk's properties, leading to a decrease in offspring's growth until adulthood. Therefore, the use of fluoxetine during lactation needs to be cautiously evaluated, with the benefits to the mothers and the associated risk to the offspring carefully balance.

Peripubertal exposure of atrazine cause decrease in exploratory activity, deficits in sociability and few alterations on brain monoaminergic systems of rats.

Atrazine is a pesticide used to control weeds in both in pre- and post-emergence crops. The chronic exposure to atrazine can lead to severe damage in animals, especially in the endocrine and reproduction systems, leading to the inclusion of this pesticide into the endocrine disrupting chemicals group. Studies with rats showed that atrazine exposure during lactation in dams caused changes in the juvenile offspring, however; there is still limited information regarding the effects of atrazine during puberty. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of peripubertal exposure of atrazine in rats, assessing motor activity, social behavior and neurochemical alterations. Juvenile rats were treated with different doses of atrazine (0, 10, 30 or 100 mg/kg) by gavage from postnatal day 22 to 41. Behavioral tests were conducted for the evaluation of motor activity and social behavior, and neurochemical evaluation was done in order to assess monoamine levels. Atrazine caused behavioral alterations, evidenced by decrease in the exploratory activity (p values variation between 0.05 and 0.0001) and deficits in the social behavior of both male and females as adults (p values variation between 0.01 and 0.0001). As for the monoaminergic neurotransmission, atrazine led to very few alterations on the dopamine and serotonin systems that were limited to the females (p < 0.05). Altogether, the results suggests that peripubertal exposure of atrazine cause behavioral and neurochemical alterations. More studies need to be conducted to fully understand the differences in atrazine's effects and its use should be considered carefully.

Ketamine causes poor maternal care in rats with postpartum depression and leads to few behavioral and neurochemical alterations on male offspring.

Ketamine is an anesthetic drug that also has antidepressant properties, with quick action. Despite the great number of studies showing its effectiveness as a treatment for major depression, there is little information about its effects on postpartum depression, as pharmacological treatments bring risks to the health of both mother and child. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of prolonged treatment with subanesthetic doses of ketamine in a rat model of postpartum depression. Female dams were induced to postpartum depression by the maternal separation model from lactating day (LD) 2-12. They were divided into four groups: one control and three experimental groups, which were treated with different doses of ketamine (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg) from LD 2-21 i.p. Maternal studies were conducted from LD5 to LD21 and the offspring studies from postnatal day 2 through 90. Ketamine causes poor maternal care, with few neurochemical alterations. However, the highest dose used in this study had an antidepressant effect. Regarding the male offspring, indirect exposure to ketamine through breast milk caused few behavioral changes during infancy, but they were not permanent, as they faded in adulthood. Nevertheless, this exposure was able to cause alterations in their monoaminergic neurotransmission systems that were found in both infancy and adulthood periods.

Development of an electrochemical DNA-based biosensor for the detection of the cardiovascular pharmacogenetic-altering SNP CYP2C9*3.

Cardiovascular diseases are among the major causes of mortality and morbidity. Warfarin is often prescribed for these disorders, an anticoagulant with inter and intra-dosage variability dose required to achieve the target international normalized ratio. Warfarin presents a narrow therapeutic index, and due to its variability, it can often be associated with the risk of hemorrhage, or in other patients, thromboembolism. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms are included in the causes that contribute to this variability. The Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9*3 genetic polymorphism modifies its enzymatic activity, and hence warfarin's plasmatic concentration. Thus, the need for a selective, rapid, low-cost, and real-time detection device is crucial before prescribing warfarin. In this work, a disposable electrochemical DNA-based biosensor capable of detecting CYP2C9*3 polymorphism was developed. By analyzing genomic databases, two specific 78 base pairs DNA probes; one with the wild-type adenine (Target-A) and another with the cytosine (Target-C) single-nucleotide genetic variation were designed. The biosensor implied the immobilization on screen-printed gold electrodes of a self-assembled monolayer composed by mercaptohexanol and a linear CYP2C9*3 DNA-capture probe. To improve the selectivity and avoid secondary structures a sandwich format of the CYP2C9*3 allele was designed using complementary fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled signaling DNA probe and enzymatic amplification of the electrochemical signal. Chronoamperometric measurements were performed at a range of 0.015-1.00 nM for both DNA targets achieving limit of detection of 42 p.m. The developed DNA-based biosensor was able to discriminate between the two synthetic target DNA targets, as well as the targeted denatured genomic DNA, extracted from volunteers genotyped as non-variant homozygous (A/A) and heterozygous (A/C) of the CYP2C9*3 polymorphism.

Development of a Novel Phagomagnetic-Assisted Isothermal DNA Amplification System for Endpoint Electrochemical Detection of Listeria monocytogenes.

The hitherto implemented Listeria monocytogenes detection techniques are cumbersome or require expensive non-portable instrumentation, hindering their transposition into on-time surveillance systems. The current work proposes a novel integrated system resorting to loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), assisted by a bacteriophage P100-magnetic platform, coupled to an endpoint electrochemical technique, towards L. monocytogenes expeditious detection. Molybdophosphate-based optimization of the bacterial phagomagnetic separation protocol allowed the determination of the optimal parameters for its execution (pH 7, 25 °C, 32 µg of magnetic particles; 60.6% of specific capture efficiency). The novel LAMP method targeting prfA was highly specific, accomplishing 100% inclusivity (for 61 L. monocytogenes strains) and 100% exclusivity (towards 42 non-target Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria). As a proof-of-concept, the developed scheme was successfully validated in pasteurized milk spiked with L. monocytogenes. The phagomagnetic-based approach succeeded in the selective bacterial capture and ensuing lysis, triggering Listeria DNA leakage, which was efficiently LAMP amplified. Methylene blue-based electrochemical detection of LAMP amplicons was accomplished in 20 min with remarkable analytical sensitivity (1 CFU mL-1). Hence, the combined system presented an outstanding performance and robustness, providing a 2.5 h-swift, portable, cost-efficient detection scheme for decentralized on-field application.

Opioids and constipation therapy in the last week of life: Their impact on patients, caregivers, and the location of death.

The use of opioids to control pain at the end of life may cause constipation, a symptom that can negatively influence the well-being of patients and caregivers. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of constipation on symptomatic control and patients' overall quality of life at this stage. A particular focus was placed on opioids. We also intended to investigate whether constipation and caregiver fatigue is related to the place of death (hospital vs home). The approach of 121 patients followed in 2021 in their last week of life by a home team specialized in palliative care was analyzed in an observational, retrospective, non-interventional study. The patients were followed up for an average of 39.7 days. A total of 82.6% wished to die at home, which occurred in 74% of the cases. The constipation prevention protocol reduced constipation by 55.1%. It seems that morphine is more related with constipation and tapentadol seems to reduce constipation induced by opioids. Patients tended to die in hospitals when their caregivers were exhausted; however, it was not possible to determine a cutoff point using the Zarit scale, which was used to assess caregiver burden. Constipation in the last week of life does not seem to influence the well-being of patients or their caregivers significantly and the individualization of intensive treatment of constipation is needed. Different opioids have different probabilities of causing adverse effects such as constipation. Future special support mechanisms can be created and activated for the most tired caregivers to avoid exhaustion and promote death at home, if that is the patient's will.

Postpartum depression in rats causes poor maternal care and neurochemical alterations on dams and long-lasting impairment in sociability on the offspring.

Postpartum depression is a mentally disabling disease with multifactorial etiology that affects women worldwide. It can also influence child development and lead to behavioral and cognitive alterations. Despite the high prevalence, the disease is underdiagnosed and poorly studied. To study the postpartum depression caused by maternal separation model in rats, dams were separated from their litter for 3 h daily starting from lactating day (LD) 2 through LD12. Maternal studies were conducted from LD5 to LD21 and the offspring studies from postnatal day (PND) 2 through PND90. The stress caused by the dam-offspring separation led to poor maternal care and a transient increase in anxiety in the offspring detected during infancy. The female offspring also exhibited a permanent impairment in sociability during adult life. These changes were associated with neurochemical alterations in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and low TSH concentrations in the dams, and in the hypothalamus, hippocampus and striatum of the offspring. These results indicate that the postpartum depression resulted in a depressive phenotype, changes in the brain neurochemistry and in thyroid economy that remained until the end of lactation. Changes observed in the offspring were long-lasting and resemble what is observed in children of depressant mothers.

Perception of men perpetrators of violence about paternity.

OBJECTIVES: to learn about the perception of men in the judicial process due to spousal violence about paternity. METHODS: a descriptive, qualitative study with nine men in the judicial process due to spousal violence. Data were collected through interviews; the men validated the data, which were systematized by the categorical thematic content analysis, and analyzed in light of scientific texts that discuss the subject. RESULTS: the study allowed the creation of three categories: the father is the example for the son; the father must provide for the son's needs; the father corrects the son. CONCLUSIONS: that context reveals the need to re-signify paternity to influence children's education positively.

Phenolic Extraction of Moringa oleifera Leaves in DES: Characterization of the Extracts and Their Application in Methylcellulose Films for Food Packaging.

In this work, a qualitative study of the phenolic content of Moringa oleifera leaves (MO), extracted with deep eutectic solvents (DES) based on choline chloride (ChCl) with lactic acid (LA) or glycerol (GLY), was performed by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn). The two solvents (DES-LA and DES-GLY) extract similar classes of phenolics, and ten compounds were identified. The antioxidant profile was also studied (TPC, TFC, DPPH, FRAP, ORAC, and ABTS). Both solvents show an efficient extraction of phenolic compounds and high antioxidant capacity was verified for the extracts. However, the DES-Gly have a higher capacity for polyphenolic extraction (TPC led to 38.409 ± 0.095 mg GAE.g-1 and 2.259 ± 0.023 mg QE.g-1 for TFC). Films based on methylcellulose (MC) containing different amounts of DES or MO extracts, acting as plasticizers, were developed and characterized regarding their mechanical, optical, water vapor permeability, and microstructural properties. All films are uniform, clear, and transparent with smooth, homogeneous surfaces. It was found that the presence of more than 10% of MO extract and/or DES provided more flexible films (Eb for MC 2%_DES 20% achieved 4.330 ± 0.27 %, and 8.15 ± 0.39 % for MC 2%_MO 20%) with less mechanical and barrier resistance. The ultimate objective of this study was to provide information that could assist in the development of antimicrobial active methylcellulose films for sliced wheat bread packaging.

Post-Partum Depression Lactating Rat Model for Evaluating Ketamine's Safety as a Pharmacotherapeutic Treatment: Roles in Cardiac and Urinary Function.

Depression is one of the world's most common and mentally disabling illnesses. Post-partum depression is a subtype of depression that affects one in seven women worldwide. Successful pharmacological treatment must consider the consequences for both, since the mother-child bond is fundamental for the well-being of both mother and infant as well as the general development of the newborn. Changes in maternal physiology and/or behavior can significantly influence the development of breastfed infants. Ketamine has been extensively studied for use as an antidepressant due to its mixed mechanisms of action. Safety and efficacy studies in the cardiovascular and urinary systems of a lactating postpartum depression animal model are essential for contributing toward ketamine's clinical use in the respective patient population. Thus, this project aimed to study the implications of postpartum maternal exposure to ketamine during lactation on the cardiovascular system of female rats submitted to the depression induction model by maternal separation. This model promotes depressive effects through stress caused by the interruption of mother-infant bond early in the offspring's life. To achieve depression, each dam was separated from her offspring for 3 h per day, from post-natal day 2 (PND2) to PND12. Experimental groups received daily treatment with either 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg of ketamine intraperitoneally during the lactation period, from PND2 to PND21. Behavioral tests consisted of the maternal and aggressive maternal behavior tests, the olfactory preference test, and the forced swim test. A technique for the detection of catecholamines and indoleamines in the heart muscle was developed for the experimental model groups. The histopathological evaluation was performed on these animals' cardiac muscles and urinary bladders. Our findings suggest that ketamine is safe for use in postpartum depression and does not induce cardiovascular and/or urinary systems toxicity.

[Constituent elements of masculinity taught/learned in childhood and adolescence of men who are being criminally prosecuted for violence against women/partners]. / Elementos constitutivos da masculinidade ensinados/apreendidos na infância e adolescência de homens que estão sendo processados criminalmente por violência contra a mulher/parceira.

The scope of this article was to understand the constituent elements of masculinity taught/learnt in childhood/adolescence and reproduced by men in criminal proceedings for conjugal violence. Oral Life History was used as a methodological reference. Interviews were conducted with 13 men in criminal proceedings for domestic violence. The data were organized according to thematic content analysis and interpreted in the light of the theoretical framework on masculinity. Based on male orality, the constitutive elements of masculinity that were taught/learnt in childhood and adolescence and reproduced by men in criminal proceedings for conjugal violence went through infidelity, overvaluation of work, family provisioning, imposition of family norms and dominance of power in relation to women. Considering that these elements are rooted in the hegemonic model, preventive actions with a focus on social, financial and health commitment are a pressing requirement.

O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender os elementos constitutivos da masculinidade ensinados/apreendidos na infância/adolescência e reproduzidos por homens em processo criminal por violência conjugal. Utilizou-se como referencial metodológico a história oral de vida. Foram realizadas entrevistas com 13 homens em processo criminal por violência conjugal. Os dados foram organizados segundo análise de conteúdo temática categorial e interpretados à luz do referencial teórico sobre masculinidade. Com base na oralidade masculina, os elementos constitutivos da masculinidade que foram ensinados/apreendidos na infância e adolescência e reproduzidos por homens em processo criminal por violência conjugal perpassaram pela infidelidade, supervalorização do trabalho, provisão familiar, imposição de normas familiares e detenção de poder em relação a mulher. Considerando que esses elementos se encontram arraigados no modelo hegemônico, urgem ações preventivas com enfoque no comprometimento social, financeiro e para a saúde.

Elementos constitutivos da masculinidade ensinados/apreendidos na infância e adolescência de homens que estão sendo processados criminalmente por violência contra a mulher/parceira / Constituent elements of masculinity taught/learned in childhood and adolescence of men who are being criminally prosecuted for violence against women/partners

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender os elementos constitutivos da masculinidade ensinados/apreendidos na infância/adolescência e reproduzidos por homens em processo criminal por violência conjugal. Utilizou-se como referencial metodológico a história oral de vida. Foram realizadas entrevistas com 13 homens em processo criminal por violência conjugal. Os dados foram organizados segundo análise de conteúdo temática categorial e interpretados à luz do referencial teórico sobre masculinidade. Com base na oralidade masculina, os elementos constitutivos da masculinidade que foram ensinados/apreendidos na infância e adolescência e reproduzidos por homens em processo criminal por violência conjugal perpassaram pela infidelidade, supervalorização do trabalho, provisão familiar, imposição de normas familiares e detenção de poder em relação a mulher. Considerando que esses elementos se encontram arraigados no modelo hegemônico, urgem ações preventivas com enfoque no comprometimento social, financeiro e para a saúde.

Abstract The scope of this article was to understand the constituent elements of masculinity taught/learnt in childhood/adolescence and reproduced by men in criminal proceedings for conjugal violence. Oral Life History was used as a methodological reference. Interviews were conducted with 13 men in criminal proceedings for domestic violence. The data were organized according to thematic content analysis and interpreted in the light of the theoretical framework on masculinity. Based on male orality, the constitutive elements of masculinity that were taught/learnt in childhood and adolescence and reproduced by men in criminal proceedings for conjugal violence went through infidelity, overvaluation of work, family provisioning, imposition of family norms and dominance of power in relation to women. Considering that these elements are rooted in the hegemonic model, preventive actions with a focus on social, financial and health commitment are a pressing requirement.

Perception of men perpetrators of violence about paternity / Percepción de los hombres perpetradores de violencia sobre la paternidad / Percepção de homens perpetradores de violência acerca da paternidade

ABSTRACT Objectives: to learn about the perception of men in the judicial process due to spousal violence about paternity. Methods: a descriptive, qualitative study with nine men in the judicial process due to spousal violence. Data were collected through interviews; the men validated the data, which were systematized by the categorical thematic content analysis, and analyzed in light of scientific texts that discuss the subject. Results: the study allowed the creation of three categories: the father is the example for the son; the father must provide for the son's needs; the father corrects the son. Conclusions: that context reveals the need to re-signify paternity to influence children's education positively.

RESUMEN Objetivos: conocer la percepción de hombres en proceso judicial por violencia de pareja acerca de la paternidad. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, de abordaje cualitativo, con nueve hombres en proceso judicial por violencia de pareja. La recolecta ocurrió por medio de entrevista, y los datos fueron validados por los hombres, sistematizados con base en el análisis de contenido temático categorial y analizados a la luz de textos científicos que tratan de la temática. Resultados: el estudio permitió la creación de tres categorías: El padre es el ejemplo para el hijo; El padre debe proveer las necesidades del hijo; El padre corrige el hijo. Conclusiones: ese contexto revela la necesidad de la resignificación de la paternidad para influenciar positivamente la educación de los hijos.

RESUMO Objetivos: conhecer a percepção de homens em processo judicial por violência conjugal acerca da paternidade. Métodos: estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, com nove homens em processo judicial por violência conjugal. A coleta ocorreu por meio de entrevista, e os dados foram validados pelos homens, sistematizados com base na análise de conteúdo temática categorial e analisados à luz de textos científicos que tratam da temática. Resultados: o estudo permitiu a criação de três categorias: O pai é o exemplo para o filho; O pai deve prover as necessidades do filho; O pai corrige o filho. Conclusões: esse contexto revela a necessidade da ressignificação da paternidade para influenciar positivamente a educação dos filhos.

Papel paterno nas relações familiares: revisão integrativa / Rol paterno en las relaciones familiares: revisión integradora / Paternal role in family relations: an integrative review

Resumo Objetivo Descrever o papel paterno nas relações familiares. Métodos Revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada no mês de setembro de 2020, por meio da consulta no Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior nas bases de dados Directory of Open Access Journals (Doaj), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), SAGE Publishing, Public Library of Science (PLOS), Taylor & Francis Group (tandfonline) utilizando os descritores associados pelos operadores booleanos da seguinte forma: Fathers and Paternity and Family Relations. Foram incluídas produções primárias, publicadas nos anos de 2009 a 2020, considerando a implementação da Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Homem, disponíveis na íntegra, de forma gratuita e excluídos os materiais que não evidenciaram, de forma clara, o papel paterno nas relações familiares. Foram encontrados 1365 materiais científicos e, após a seleção seguindo as recomendações do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses, foram incluídos 15 artigos. Resultados O papel paterno é descrito por meio de ações de cuidado, educação e provisão dos filhos. O cuidado foi desvelado através de ações voltadas à manutenção da vida, iniciando ainda na concepção e se estendendo durante a infância e adolescência. Nesse ciclo, o pai aparece na condição de educador, sobretudo, a partir do exemplo que conduz os filhos em suas vidas futuras. A provisão, por sua vez, esteve atrelada à garantia da subsistência familiar pela figura paterna. Conclusão A compreensão acerca dos papéis poderá direcionar a prática profissional a fim de estimular o envolvimento masculino no acompanhamento do desenvolvimento dos filhos.

Resumen Objetivo Describir el rol paterno en las relaciones familiares. Métodos Revisión integradora de la literatura, realizada el mes de septiembre de 2020, por medio da consulta al Portal de Periódicos de la Coordinación de Perfeccionamiento de Personal de Nivel Superior en las bases de datos Directory of Open Access Journals (Doaj), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), SAGE Publishing, Public Library of Science (PLOS), Taylor & Francis Group (tandfonline) utilizando los descriptores asociados por los operadores booleanos de la siguiente forma: Fathers and Paternity and Family Relations. Se incluyeron las producciones primarias, publicadas en los años de 2009 a 2020, considerando la implementación de la Política Nacional de Atención Integral a la Salud del Hombre, disponibles en su totalidad, de forma gratuita y excluidos los materiales que no evidenciaron de forma clara, el rol paterno en las relaciones familiares. Se encontraron 1365 materiales científicos y, después de la selección siguiendo las recomendaciones del Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses, fueron incluidos 15 artículos. Resultados El rol paterno se describe por medio de acciones de cuidado, educación y provisión de los hijos. El cuidado se desveló a través de acciones direccionadas al mantenimiento de la vida, iniciando todavía en la concepción y extendiéndose durante la infancia y la adolescencia. En ese ciclo, el padre aparece en la condición de educador, principalmente, a partir del ejemplo que conduce a los hijos en sus vidas futuras. La provisión, a su vez, estuvo vinculada con la garantía de la subsistencia familiar por la figura paterna. Conclusión La comprensión sobre los roles podrá direccionar la práctica profesional con la finalidad de estimular la involucración masculina en el acompañamiento del desarrollo de los hijos.

Abstract Objective To describe the paternal role in family relationships. Methods This is an integrative literature review carried out in September 2020, by consulting the Journal Portal of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel in the Directory of Open Access Journals (Doaj), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) databases, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), SAGE Publishing, Public Library of Science (PLOS), Taylor & Francis Group (tandfonline) using the descriptors associated by the Boolean operators as follows: Fathers and Paternity and Family Relations. Primary productions published from 2009 to 2020 were included, considering the implementation of the Brazilian National Policy for Comprehensive Care for Men's Health, available in full, free of charge, and materials that did not clearly show paternal role in family relationships. 1,365 scientific materials were found and, after selection following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyzes, 15 articles were included. Results Paternal role is described through actions of care, education and provision for children. Care was unveiled through actions aimed at maintaining life, starting at conception and extending into childhood and adolescence. In this cycle, the father appears as an educator, above all, based on the example that leads the children in their future lives. The provision, in turn, was linked to the guarantee of family subsistence by the paternal figure. Conclusion Understanding the roles can guide professional practice in order to encourage male involvement in monitoring the development of children.

Association between attention, nonverbal intelligence and school performance of school-age children with Autism Spectrum Disorder from a public health context in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments in social interaction, restricted and repetitive behaviour, interests or activities. Difficulties in a broad spectrum of cognitive skills is often present, including attentional processes and nonverbal intelligence, which might be related to academic difficulties. AIMS: In this study, the association between attentional skills and nonverbal intelligence to school performance of children with ASD was assessed. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: 32 children/adolescents between 8-14 years old, who attended a treatment unit linked to the public health system of São Paulo-Brazil participated in the study. The following instruments were utilized: Cancellation Attention Test; Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices; and School Performance Test. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: After correlation analysis, statistically significant associations were found between attention and nonverbal intelligence with school performance. Regression analysis showed that attention drives school performance irrespective of nonverbal intelligence. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Results evidence the link between attention and school performance in ASD, suggesting that attentional mechanisms may be a promising route to follow in the design of interventions for school improvement of children and adolescents with ASD.

Effects of the Reactive Moiety of Phenolipids on Their Antioxidant Efficiency in Model Emulsified Systems.

Our previous research was focused on the effects of hydrophobicity on the antioxidant (AO) efficiency of series of homologous antioxidants with the same reactive moieties. In this work we evaluate the antioxidant efficiency of hydrophobic phenolipids in 4:6 olive oil-in-water emulsions, with different phenolic moieties (derived from caffeic, 4-hydroxycinnamic, dihydrocaffeic acids, tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol), with alkyl chains of 8 and 16 carbons, and compare the antioxidant efficiency with that of the parent compounds. All catecholic phenolipids, in particular the C8 derivatives, have proven to be better antioxidants for the oxidative protection of emulsions than their parental compounds with octyl dihydrocafffeate being the most efficient (16-fold increase in relation to the control). To understand the importance of some factors on the antioxidant efficiency of compounds in emulsions, Pearson's correlation analysis was carried out between antioxidant activity and the first anodic potential (Epa), reducing capacity (FRAP value), DPPH radical scavenging activity (EC50) and the concentration of antioxidants in each region of the emulsified system. Results confirm the importance of the effective concentration of AOs in the interfacial region (AOI) (ρ = 0.820) and of the Epa (ρ = -0.677) in predicting their antioxidant efficiency in olive oil-in-water emulsions.

Enfrentamento do luto por perda familiar pela covid-19: estratégias de curto e longo prazo / Afrontamiento del duelo por pérdida familiar debido a covid-19: estrategias de corto y largo plazo / Coping with mourning for family loss due to covid-19: short and long-term strategies

Resumo Objetivo: conhecer as estratégias que podem auxiliar pessoas enlutadas pela morte de familiares pela covid-19 a lidarem com a perda. Metodologia: revisão narrativa realizada na plataforma PubCovid-19 por meio dos descritores "death" "bereavement", "grief" e "mourning". Foram incluídos dez artigos. Resultados: as estratégias encontradas dizem respeito à adoção de chamadas telefônicas, à gravação de áudios, à elaboração de cartas e à seleção das fotos, as quais são classificadas como imediatas e de longo prazo, focadas no cuidado com a saúde mental, a qual pode ser afetada pela depressão e pelos distúrbios psicológicos. Conclusões: urge que sejam criados programas de aconselhamento que ofereçam, aos parentes dos falecidos pela covid-19, um atendimento holístico, humanizado, contínuo, com foco na saúde mental.

Resumen Objetivo: conocer las estrategias que pueden ayudar a las personas en duelo por la muerte de miembro de la familia por la covid-19 para afrontar la pérdida. Metodología: revisión narrativa realizada en la plataforma PubCovid-19 por medio de los descriptores "death; "mourning"; "Covid-19"; "coping strategies". Se incluyeron diez artículos. Resultados: las estrategias encontradas se relacionan con la adopción de llamadas telefónicas, grabación de audios, cartas y fotos, las que se clasifican como inmediatas y a largo plazo centradas en la atención de la salud mental, la que puede ser afectada por la depresión y los trastornos psicológicos. Conclusiones: es urgente la creación de programas de asesoramiento para los familiares de los fallecidos por la covid-19, con el fin de ofrecer una atención integral, humanizada y continua, con un enfoque en la salud mental.

Abstract Objective: To explore the strategies that can help individuals mourning a family member's death from Covid-19 to cope with the loss. Method: We carried out a narrative review on the PubCovid-19 platform using the descriptors "death," "mourning," "Covid-19," and "coping strategies." Ten articles were included. Results: The strategies found are phone calls, audio recording, letters, and photos, classified as immediate and long-term. These strategies are focused on mental health, which can be adversely affected by depression and psychological disorders. Conclusions: Creating counseling programs for the relatives of those who died from Covid-19 is urgent. They must offer comprehensive, humanized, and continuous mental health care.

Meanings of intrafamily violence experienced in childhood/adolescence present in the discourses of men.

OBJECTIVE: to unveil the meanings of intrafamily violence experienced in childhood and/or adolescence by men under legal proceedings due to conjugal violence. METHOD: a qualitative research, based on Thematic Oral History and supported by Symbolic Interactionism. Participants were men under legal proceedings due to domestic violence who had experienced or witnessed intrafamily violence in childhood and/or adolescence. RESULTS: the speeches revealed that the intrafamily violence experienced in childhood and/or adolescence was signified as an educational method. The aggressions committed by parents were only perceived as acts of violence in situations considered extreme, such as in cases of using a firearm, handcuffs, and rope. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: considering that the meanings direct human conduct and that they are subject to modification depending on social interactions built throughout life, it is believed that educational strategies that encourage the redefinition of violence can be effective in facing this problem.

Significados da dinâmica familiar por homens que reproduziram a violência doméstica / Significado de la dinámica familiar por hombres que reprodujeron la violencia doméstica / Meanings of family dynamics by men who reproduced domestic violence

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar os significados atribuídos à dinâmica familiar por homens que reproduziram a violência doméstica vivenciada na infância. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa guiada à luz do Interacionismo Simbólico. Procurou-se conhecer a história oral de homens em processo jurídico junto à 2ᵃ Vara de Justiça pela Paz em Casa, situada no município de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Para tanto, utilizou-se entrevistas, as quais foram transcritas, textualizadas e transcriadas. A organização dos dados se deu com base na Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Resultados: As narrativas revelam que a interpretação das experiências de agressões físicas, psicológicas, negligência e testemunho da violência conjugal entre os pais na infância direcionou a construção dos significados de que a dinâmica familiar deve ser pautada no controle e dominação masculina sobre a esposa e filhos, princípios que nortearam os relacionamentos familiares na fase adulta. Conclusão: As histórias remetem para o significado de que a dinâmica familiar deve ser delineada com base na divisão sexual dos papéis, sendo o homem considerado o provedor e autoridade máxima da casa e a mulher responsável pelo cuidado dos filhos. Nota-se ainda a simbologia de que a interação entre pai e filhos deve ser estabelecida de maneira rude e severa. Estes significados predispõem à reprodução da violência durante a vida adulta, o que demonstra a importância de ações que viabilizem a ressignificação das interações familiares violentas, preferencialmente ainda na fase da infância.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar el significado atribuido a la dinámica familiar por hombres que reprodujeron la violencia doméstica vivida en la infancia. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo guiado según el interaccionismo simbólico. Se buscó conocer la historia oral de hombres en proceso judicial en el 2° Tribunal de Justica por la Paz en Casa, situado en el municipio de Salvador, estado de Bahia, Brasil. Para eso, se utilizaron entrevistas que fueron transcriptas, textualizadas y transcreadas. La organización de los datos se realizó con base en el análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: Las narrativas revelan que la interpretación de las experiencias de agresiones físicas, psicológicas, negligencia y testigo de la violencia conyugal entre los padres en la infancia llevó a la elaboración del significado de que la dinámica familiar debe estar marcada por el control y dominación masculina sobre la esposa e hijos, principios que guían las relaciones familiares en la fase adulta. Conclusión: Las historias remiten al significado de que la dinámica familiar debe estar definida con base en la división sexual de los roles, en que el hombre es considerado proveedor y autoridad máxima de la casa y la mujer responsable del cuidado de los hijos. Además, se observó la simbología de que la interacción entre padre e hijo debe establecerse de forma grosera y severa. Estos significados predisponen a la reproducción de la violencia durante la vida adulta, lo que demuestra la importancia de acciones que posibiliten la resignificación de las intervenciones familiares violentas, preferentemente aún en la fase de la infancia.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the meanings attributed to family dynamics by men who reproduced domestic violence suffered in their childhood. Methods: This is a qualitative research guided in the light of Symbolic Interactionism. We sought to know the oral history of men under criminal prosecutions before the 2ndCourt of Justice for Peace at Home, located in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. To this end, interviews were used, which were transcribed, textualized and transcribed. Data organization was based on content analysis. Results: The statements reveal that interpreting physical, psychological aggression, neglect and witness of domestic violence experiences between parents in childhood directed constructing the meanings that family dynamics must be based on male control and domination over the wife and children, principles that guided family relationships in adulthood. Conclusion: The stories refer to the meaning that family dynamics must be delineated based on sexual division of roles, with men being considered providers and maximum authority of the house, and women, responsible for children care. It is also noted the symbology that father-children interaction must be established in a rude and severe way. These meanings predispose to reproducing violence during adulthood, which demonstrates the importance of actions that make it possible to redefine violent family interactions, preferably still in childhood.