Lenalidomide or Thalidomide for Transplant-Ineligible Patients With Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma? An Overview of Systematic Reviews.

OBJECTIVES: To present an overview of evidence of efficacy, safety, and health-related quality of life of lenalidomide or thalidomide for transplant-ineligible multiple myeloma. METHODS: A literature search was performed in 5 databases until July 2022. We included systematic reviews with network meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials on the use of lenalidomide compared with thalidomide for transplant-ineligible multiple myeloma. The A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 was used to appraise the quality of included reviews. The results were focused on the lenalidomide + dexamethasone until disease progression (RDc) versus thalidomide + dexamethasone until disease progression (TDc) and induction with melphalan + prednisone + lenalidomide, followed by maintenance with lenalidomide (MPR-R) versus induction with melphalan + prednisone + thalidomide, followed by maintenance with thalidomide (MPT-T) regimens. RESULTS: Nine studies were included. Only 1 study did not show any weakness in critical domains of A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2. For overall survival, RDc proved to be superior to TDc; however, no study showed significant difference between MPR-R and MPT-T. For progression-free survival, 2 of 3 studies showed that RDc is better than TDc; however, no difference between MPR-R and MPT-T was found. Regarding safety, these lenalidomide-based regimens had a lower risk for neurologic adverse events, with an increased risk of hematologic adverse events. No health-related quality of life meta-analyses were found. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that, in terms of efficacy and safety, lenalidomide-based regimen is a good option for treatment of transplant-ineligible multiple myeloma in the public health system of Brazil, especially for those patients who develop severe neuropathy with thalidomide.

Experiences of family members of cancer patients in palliative care: a qualitative systematic review protocol.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to synthesize the experiences of family members of cancer patients in palliative care. INTRODUCTION: Increasingly, palliative care is the approach advocated when a life-threatening illness has been diagnosed. Cancer patients and their families, when receiving early identification, correct assessment, and treatment of pain and other problems through palliative care, report feeling supported in their illness experience. The patients and their families also describe immediate and personalized symptom management, holistic support, decision-making guidance, and preparation for the future, including the dying process and stages of grief. A growing number of studies address palliative care patients and, in particular, the central role of family in this approach. This review will synthesize qualitative research on this subject, providing recommendations to health professionals to help them better understand the experiences and needs of family members of cancer patients receiving palliative care. INCLUSION CRITERIA: The review will consider studies examining experiences of families of cancer patients in palliative care, in all types of settings and contexts. The studies will focus on qualitative data, including, but not limited to, designs such as phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, action research, qualitative descriptive, and mixed methods studies. METHODS: The review will follow the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. The search strategy will aim to locate both published and unpublished studies, in any language, with no date restrictions. Methodological quality will be evaluated using the standard JBI critical appraisal checklist for qualitative research. The findings will be pooled using the meta-aggregation approach or will be presented in narrative format. The final synthesized findings will be graded according to the ConQual approach. REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42022333937.

Barreiras e facilitadores da implementação do pré-natal em grupo: um protocolo de scoping review / Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of group prenatal care: a scoping review protocol

OBJETIVO: Mapear modelos de Pré-Natal em Grupo (PNG) para identificar barreiras, facilitadores, desafios de implementação e manutenção do PNG. MÉTODO: Este protocolo descreve uma Scoping Review desenvolvida de acordo com a metodologia do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). A questão de pesquisa que norteia esta revisão é: "Quais são os modelos de PNG existentes, as barreiras, facilitadores e desafios na implementação e manutenção desses modelos?". A busca será conduzida em oito bases de dados e incluirá a pesquisa em literatura cinzenta. O software Rayyan será utilizado para gerenciar a seleção dos artigos. Dois revisores realizarão a avaliação do título e resumo dos artigos de forma independente. Aqueles que atenderem aos critérios de inclusão serão selecionados para a leitura completa. Em caso de divergências, um terceiro revisor será consultado para resolver as discordâncias. A síntese dos dados será realizada de forma descritiva, com um resumo narrativo dos resultados apresentado em tabelas, descrevendo como esses resultados se relacionam com o objetivo e a questão de pesquisa.

OBJECTIVE: To map group prenatal care (GPC) models to identify barriers, facilitators, implementation challenges, and maintenance of GPC. MÉTODO: This protocol describes a scoping review conducted using the methodology outlined by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). The research question guiding this review is: "What are the existing GPC models, barriers, facilitators, and challenges in implementing and sustaining these models?". The search will be conducted in eight databases and include gray literature searches. Rayyan software will be used to manage the article selection process. Two reviewers will independently assess the title and abstract of the articles. Those that meet the inclusion criteria will be selected for full-text reading. A third reviewer will be consulted to resolve disagreements in case of discrepancies. Data synthesis will be performed descriptively, with a narrative summary of the results presented in tables, describing how these results relate to the objective and research question.

Person-centered care approach to prevention and management of falls among adults and aged in a Brazilian hospital: a best practice implementation project.

OBJECTIVES: The objective is to assess compliance with evidence-based criteria regarding a person-centered care approach to the prevention and management of falls among adults and the elderly in a Brazilian private hospital. METHODS: This project used the JBI audit and feedback method to implement evidence into practice. The JBI Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System and Getting Research into Practice audit tools have been used to promote changes in oncology and medical-surgical wards. The implementation protocol was designed based on the primary barriers and facilitators identified in the baseline audit, along with a training program and changes in the electronic medical records. Nursing documentation available in medical records, interviews with nurses who worked in oncology and medical-surgical wards, and interviews with patients admitted in oncology and medical-surgical wards were used to assess the baseline and follow-up audit compliance rates. RESULTS: The baseline and follow-up audits showed improvement for criteria 3 and 9 (100%) and criteria 6 and 7 (97%), respectively. The compliance for criteria 4 (97.6%), 5 (76.7%), and 8 (18%) showed slight variations from baseline and follow-up audits. Compliance for criteria 1 (76.9%) and 2 (63.3%) decreased in the follow-up audit. CONCLUSION: These findings support that baseline, and follow-up audits allied to a fall training program and changes in the electronic nursing records increase the compliance rates related to evidence-based practice regarding a person-centered care approach to preventing and managing falls. We will implement new strategies according to the best practices to achieve better outcomes.

Effectiveness of checklists in multidisciplinary rounds for improving patient safety in the pediatric intensive care unit: a systematic review protocol.

OBJECTIVE: This review will evaluate the effectiveness of checklist use in multidisciplinary rounds, compared with multidisciplinary rounds without checklists, for improving mortality and patient safety in the pediatric intensive care unit. INTRODUCTION: Single studies have demonstrated that checklists can potentially improve communication of care between health professionals, reduce adverse events, and increase adherence to best practice guidelines. However, no systematic review of the literature has explored the use of checklists in the pediatric intensive care unit. INCLUSION CRITERIA: This review will consider studies that include pediatric patients, under 18 years of age, admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit. Identified studies will compare the use of checklists in multidisciplinary rounds with multidisciplinary rounds with no checklists. The studies will also evaluate mortality and patient safety outcomes. We will consider experimental and observational studies, published in any language, with no date restrictions. METHODS: The search strategy will aim to locate both published and unpublished studies. Databases to be searched include MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, LILACS, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL, the Center for Reviews and Dissemination, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and Epistemonikos. The studies will be screened and those meeting the inclusion criteria will be retained by two independent researchers. Assessment of methodology and data extraction will then be carried out. The data will be presented using a narrative synthesis and the studies will be pooled with a statistical meta-analysis, where possible. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO CRD42021233798.

Burden, satisfaction caregiving, and family relations in informal caregivers of older adults.

Introduction: Family caregivers of older persons devote much of their time and energy to caring for another person. This exposure may burden caregivers and compromise their health and quality of life. Objective: To investigate the relationship between burden, sociodemographic, caregiving, and health characteristics of informal caregivers of dependent older adults. Methods: Cross-sectional and analytical study carried out in Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil, with 52 informal caregivers of older persons who need full-time help for basic living activities. Caregivers' burden was assessed by Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Data were analyzed using a T-test, Pearson's correlation, and Multiple Linear Regression. Results: The ZBI mean score of caregivers was 26.3 points (SD = 14.6; min = 0; max = 68). Burden scores were higher among caregivers who did not receive help from other people in care (p = 0.016), reported family dysfunction (p = 0.001), and had depression symptoms (p = 0.007). A correlation was found between the scores of burdens and satisfaction with care (r = 0.76; p < 0.001) and perceived material support (r = -0.30; p = 0.40). Satisfaction with care (ß: 0.61; p < 0.001) and family dysfunction (ß: 8.07; p = 0.033) were significantly associated with the burden score. Conclusion: Caregivers with dysfunctional families and satisfaction with the care presented the highest-burden scores. The findings reveal the need for strategies to facilitate mediation and reduce caregiver burden by strengthening the family network support or providing professional assistance.

Strategies to support health professionals in the condition of second victim: scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: To map and analyze the knowledge produced about strategies aimed at promoting support to health professionals in the condition of second victim. METHOD: Scoping review, developed in portals, databases and academic websites, whose inclusion criteria were articles and materials indexed in the respective search sites, between January 2000 and December 2019, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. The findings were summarized and analyzed based on descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis. RESULTS: A total of 64 studies were included, 100% international; 92.2% in English and 50% from secondary research. The support strategies were grouped into four categories and most of the studies referred to the use of the forYOU, Medically Induced Trauma Support Services and Resilience in Stressful Events programs and the interventions represented, through dialogue with peers, family, friends and managers. CONCLUSION: Support strategies for the second victim are pointed out in international studies and mostly developed through programs/services and interventions. It is recommended to develop studies to learn about the phenomenon and to structure feasible support strategies in Brazilian health organizations.

Strategies to support health professionals in the condition of second victim: scoping review / Estrategias para apoyar al profesional de la salud en la condición de segunda víctima: una revisión de alcance / Estratégias para apoiar profissionais de saúde na condição de segunda vítima: uma revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Objective: To map and analyze the knowledge produced about strategies aimed at promoting support to health professionals in the condition of second victim. Method: Scoping review, developed in portals, databases and academic websites, whose inclusion criteria were articles and materials indexed in the respective search sites, between January 2000 and December 2019, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. The findings were summarized and analyzed based on descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis. Results: A total of 64 studies were included, 100% international; 92.2% in English and 50% from secondary research. The support strategies were grouped into four categories and most of the studies referred to the use of the forYOU, Medically Induced Trauma Support Services and Resilience in Stressful Events programs and the interventions represented, through dialogue with peers, family, friends and managers. Conclusion: Support strategies for the second victim are pointed out in international studies and mostly developed through programs/services and interventions. It is recommended to develop studies to learn about the phenomenon and to structure feasible support strategies in Brazilian health organizations.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Mapear y analizar el conocimiento producido acerca de las estrategias para promover el apoyo al profesional de la salud en la condición de segunda víctima. Método: Se trata de una revisión de alcance, desarrollada en portales, bases de datos y directorios académicos, cuyos criterios de inclusión fueron artículos y materiales indexados en los respectivos sitios de búsqueda, entre enero de 2000 y diciembre de 2019, en portugués, inglés y español. Los hallazgos se resumieron y analizaron bajo la base de la estadística descriptiva y la síntesis narrativa. Resultados: Se incluyeron 64 estudios, 100% de alcance internacional, un 92,2% en inglés y un 50% de investigaciones secundarias. Las estrategias de apoyo se agruparon en cuatro categorías y la mayoría de los estudios utilizó los programas forYOU, Medically Induced Trauma Support Services y Resilience in Stressful Events y las intervenciones representadas por el diálogo con los pares, familiares, amigos y gestores. Conclusión: Las estrategias de apoyo a la segunda víctima están señaladas en estudios internacionales y se desarrollan, principalmente, a través de programas/servicios e intervenciones. Se recomienda el desarrollo de estudios para conocer el fenómeno y estructurar las estrategias de apoyo factibles en las organizaciones de salud brasileñas.

RESUMO Objetivo: Mapear e analisar o conhecimento produzido acerca das estratégias destinadas a promover apoio aos profissionais de saúde na condição de segunda vítima. Método: Revisão de escopo, desenvolvida em portais, bases de dados e diretórios acadêmicos, cujos critérios de inclusão foram artigos e materiais indexados nos respectivos sítios de busca, entre janeiro de 2000 e dezembro de 2019, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Os achados foram sumarizados e analisados com base na estatística descritiva e na síntese narrativa. Resultados: Foram incluídos 64 estudos, 100% de âmbito internacional, com 92,2% no idioma inglês e 50% oriundos de pesquisa secundária. As estratégias de apoio foram agrupadas em quatro categorias e a maioria dos estudos referiu o emprego dos programas forYOU, Medically Induced Trauma Support Services e Resilience in Stressful Events e das intervenções representadas, pelo diálogo com os pares, familiares, amigos e gestores. Conclusão: As estratégias de apoio à segunda vítima são apontadas em estudos de âmbito internacional e desenvolvidas, majoritariamente, por meio de programas/serviços e intervenções. Recomenda-se o desenvolvimento de estudos para conhecer o fenômeno e estruturar estratégias de apoio exequíveis nas organizações de saúde brasileiras.

Atenção primária à saúde e educação em enfermagem no Brasil / Primary health care and nursing education in brazil

Objetivo: sintetizar o conhecimento acerca do ensino da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) nas faculdades de enfermagem brasileiras. Metodologia: revisão integrativa de literatura que utilizou os portais e bases de dados: BVS, PubMed, CINAHL e Web of Science. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos originais disponíveis na íntegra, publicados em português, inglês ou espanhol, entre 2007 a 2019. Resultados: Foram encontrados 346 artigos dos quais 21 (6,0%) atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. O principal delineamento metodológico foi o qualitativo e as principais abordagens relacionavam-se a conteúdos curriculares, competências profissionais e ao uso de metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem. Conclusões: Os resultados desta revisão sugerem que as faculdades de enfermagem brasileiras abordam a APS em seus currículos e conduzem seus programas educacionais alinhados à estratégia do acesso universal a saúde e cobertura universal de saúde, com o objetivo de preparar profissionais com o perfil necessário para atender às necessidades da população. (AU)

Objective: to synthesize knowledge about Primary Health Care (PHC) teaching in Brazilian nursing schools. Method: integrative review of literature that used the portals and databases: BVS, PubMed, CINAHL and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria were original articles available in full, published in Portuguese, English or Spanish, published from 2007 to 2019. Results: We found 346 articles of which 21 (6.0%) met the inclusion criteria. The main methodological delineation was qualitative and the main approaches were related to curricular contents, professional competences and to the use of active teaching-learning methodologies. Conclusion: The results of this review suggest that Brazilian nursing faculties approach PHC in their curricula and conduct their educational programs aligned to the strategy of universal access to health and universal health coverage, with the objective of preparing professionals with the necessary profile to attend needs of the population. (AU)

Objetivo: sintetizar el conocimiento acerca de la enseñanza de la Atención Primaria a la Salud (APS) en las facultades de enfermería brasileñas. Método: revisión integrativa de literatura que utilizó los portales y bases de datos: BVS, PubMed, CINAHL y Web of Science. Los criterios de inclusión fueron artículos originales disponibles en su totalidad, publicado en portugués, Inglés o Español, de 2007 a 2019. Resultados: Se han encontrado 346 artículos de los cuales 21 (6,0%) fueram selecionados. El principal delineamiento metodológico fue el cualitativo y las principales abordajes fueram contenidos curriculares, competencias profesionales y al uso de metodologías activas de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que las facultades de enfermería brasileñas abordan la APS en sus currículos y conducen sus programas alineados a la estrategia del acceso universal y cobertura universal de salud, con el objetivo de preparar profesionales con el perfil necesario para atender a las necesidades de la población. (AU)

Falls prevention strategies for adult inpatients in a university hospital of São Paulo, Brazil: a best practice implementation project.

OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this project was to reduce the incidence and harm from falls that occur among patients admitted in the acute Internal Medicine Unit and Intensive Care Unit in a public teaching hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. INTRODUCTION: Falls are a challenge for health professionals and healthcare services as they may result in high-impact outcomes for patients, such as functional decline, increase in length of hospital stay, increase in the cost of healthcare services, and death. In an attempt to promote safe care the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the World Alliance for Patient Safety in 2004 that encourages the adoption of best practice to reduce adverse events in healthcare services. METHODS: The project used the Joanna Briggs Institute Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System (JBI-PACES) and Getting Research into Practice (GRiP) audit tool for promoting change in health practice. A baseline audit was conducted measuring eight best practice criterias, followed by the implementation of target strategies and a follow-up audit. RESULTS: The results of the baseline audit identified large gaps between current practice and overall compliance with best practice. The GRiP module helped identify strategies related to education programs for patients, families and nursing teams, and a falls risk assessment with an accurate tool to address the gaps in compliance. The follow-up audit cycle was satisfactory as all best practice audit criteria showed an improvement as an aggregated result. CONCLUSIONS: The project used the audit and feedback strategy to translate evidence into practice. Some of the measured criteria improved to moderate-high compliance with best practice. The results showed that implementation of evidence-based practice leads to an improvement in falls prevention. Future audits are required to sustain improvements.

Central line bundle maintenance among adults in a university hospital intensive care unit in São Paulo, Brazil: a best practice implementation project.

OBJECTIVES: This implementation project aimed to identify the current practice in regards to central venous catheters (CVCs) maintenance to improve knowledge amongst nursing staff and to assess increased compliance with evidence-based best practice. INTRODUCTION: Central venous catheters are considered an important therapeutic resource for the administration of fluids, drugs, blood, collection of blood samples and hemodynamic monitoring. Despite the benefits, catheter use is associated with complications such as primary infection of the catheter-related bloodstream. METHODS: This project utilized the audit and feedback model using the Joanna Briggs Institute Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System. Nine of 10 criteria were audited through direct observation of nursing professionals or patient records in relation to CVC maintenance, and one criterion involved direct questioning of nursing staff. Baseline and follow-up audits were conducted in a 12-bed adult intensive care unit in a university hospital. RESULTS: The baseline audit revealed deficits between current practice and best practice in some criteria. Barriers to implementation of CVC maintenance best practice criteria were identified, and the strategies were implemented. The post-implementation (follow-up) audit showed improvement in compliance to best practice guidelines in all of the audit criteria, except in one criterion: the use of sterile gloves or surgical tweezers during the execution of the dressing. CONCLUSIONS: Best practice in CVC care was achieved in the hospital, strengthening and guiding nursing care, as well as highlighting the importance of nursing records throughout the care process. However, this project highlighted the need to improve compliance through follow-up audits and periodic training to support best practice.

Medication-related inpatient falls: a critical review

Abstract Falls are the second leading cause of accidental and unintentional injury deaths worldwide. Inpatient falls in hospital settings are likely to prolong the length of stay of patients in nearly 6.3 days, leading to increased hospitalization costs. The causes of fall incidents in healthcare facilities are multifactorial in nature and certain medications use could be associated with these incidents. This review seeks to critically evaluate the available literature regarding the relationship between inpatient falls and medication use. A comprehensive search was performed on MEDLINE, EMBASE and Lilacs with no time restriction. The search was filtered using English, Spanish or Portuguese languages. Our study evaluated medication use and inpatients falls that effectively happen, considering all ages and populations. An assessment of bias and quality of the studies was carried out using an adapted tool from the literature. The drugs were classified according to the Anatomic Therapeutics Chemical Code. The search strategy retrieved 563 records, among which 23 met the eligibility criteria; ninety three different pharmacological subgroups were associated with fall incidents. Our critical review suggests that the use of central nervous system drugs (including anxiolytics; hypnotics and sedatives; antipsychotics; opioids; antiepileptics and antidepressants) has a greater likelihood of causing inpatient falls. A weak relationship was found between other pharmacological subgroups, such as diuretics, cardiovascular system-related medications, and inpatient fall. Remarkably, several problems of quality were encountered with regard to the eligible studies. Among such quality problems included retrospective design, the grouping of more than one medication in the same statistical analysis, limited external validity, problems related to medication classifications and description of potential confounders.

Computerized clinical decision support system utilization in nursing: a scoping review protocol.

REVIEW QUESTION/OBJECTIVE: The objective of this scoping review is to comprehensively identify and examine the available literature on computerized clinical decision support systems utilized in nursing. The following focus questions will be used as an initial starting point in order to map and discuss important characteristics of the work done in this field.

Pain evaluation scales for elderly patients with dementia / Escalas de avaliação da dor em pacientes idosos com demência

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Elderly people with dementia are impaired in the way they interpret and communicate pain, being important the use of specific tools for accurate diagnosis. This study aimed at summarizing literature data on tools for pain evaluation in hospitalized elderly patients with dementia. CONTENTS: This is a literature review of the following databases: LILACS, Pubmed/Medline, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Cochrane, Web of Science and Joanna-Briggs Institute. Eligibility criteria were established for studies selection. A specific tool was used for critical evaluation. From 383 studies found, 4 were included in this review. Studies have evaluated the performance of 8 observational or self-report scales. CONCLUSION: Our study results suggest that observational and self-report scales may be used to evaluate pain in hospitalized elderly patients with dementia, provided the level of cognitive impairment is observed to select the scale, thus avoiding inadequate evaluations and consequently the undertreatment of pain.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Os idosos com demência apresentam comprometimento que afeta o modo como interpretam e comunicam a dor, sendo importante a utilização de instrumentos específicos para o diagnóstico adequado. O objetivo deste estudo foi sintetizar os dados da literatura sobre os instrumentos utilizados para avaliação da dor em idosos com demência internados. CONTEÚDO: Trata-se de revisão da literatura, utilizando as bases de dados: LILACS, Pubmed/Medline, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Cochrane, Web of Science e Joanna Briggs-Institute. Critérios de elegibilidade foram estabelecidos para seleção dos estudos. Utilizou-se instrumento específico para avaliação crítica. Foram localizados 383 estudos, dos quais 4 foram incluídos nesta revisão. Os estudos avaliaram o desempenho de 8 escalas observacionais ou de autorrelato. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que escalas observacionais e de autorrelato podem ser utilizadas para avaliar a dor em idosos com demência em ambiente hospitalar, desde que seja observado o nível de comprometimento cognitivo para a escolha da escala, evitando-se assim avaliações inadequadas e consequentemente o subtratamento da dor.

[Cross-cultural adaptation of the Vulnerable Elders Survey-13 (VES-13): helping in the identification of vulnerable older people]. / Adaptação transcultural do Vulnerable Elders Survey-13 (VES-13): contribuindo para a identificação de idosos vulneráveis.

To use the VES-13 a tool for identifying vulnerable older people cultural adaptation was performed, a process that seeks the equivalence between the original instrument and its version in another culture. The evaluation of semantic, idiomatic, cultural and conceptual equivalence obtained a general average agreement of 78%, 78%, 97.0% and 94.0% respectively. Kappa coefficient was used to verify the agreement in test-retest reliability, where variables were significant. The analysis of internal consistency was measured by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, where 70% of the phenomenon under study are represented in the VES-13. The VES-13, translated and adapted, is a reliable instrument with respect to stability and internal consistency of their measurements. Its simple structure and easy to use may therefore contribute to the identification of vulnerable older people, thus contributing to the prioritization of monitoring health services.

Adaptação transcultural do Vulnerable Elders Survey-13 (VES-13): contribuindo para a identificação de idosos vulneráveis / Cross-cultural adaptation of the Vulnerable Elders Survey-13 (VES-13): helping in the identification of vulnerable older people / La adaptación transcultural de lo Vulnerable Elders Survey-13 (VES-13): ayudando en la identificación de los ancianos vulnerables

Para a utilização do VES-13 instrumento que identifica idosos vulneráveis foi realizada sua adaptação transcultural, processo que visa à equivalência entre o instrumento original e sua versão em outra cultura. A avaliação da equivalência semântica, idiomática cultural e conceitual obteve uma média geral de concordância de 78%, 78%, 97% e 94%, respectivamente. Para verificar a concordância no teste-reteste, utilizou-se o coeficiente Kappa de Cohen, onde a maioria das variáveis foram significantes. A análise de sua consistência interna foi verificada pelo uso do coeficiente alpha de Cronbach, onde 70% do fenômeno em estudo estão representados no instrumento. O VES-13, traduzido e adaptado, mostrou-se um instrumento confiável no que diz respeito à estabilidade e consistência interna de suas medidas. Sua estrutura simples e de fácil aplicabilidade pode, portanto, favorecer a identificação das pessoas idosas vulneráveis, contribuindo, assim, para a priorização do acompanhamento pelos serviços de saúde.

To use the VES-13 a tool for identifying vulnerable older people cultural adaptation was performed, a process that seeks the equivalence between the original instrument and its version in another culture. The evaluation of semantic, idiomatic, cultural and conceptual equivalence obtained a general average agreement of 78%, 78%, 97.0% and 94.0% respectively. Kappa coefficient was used to verify the agreement in test-retest reliability, where variables were significant. The analysis of internal consistency was measured by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, where 70% of the phenomenon under study are represented in the VES-13. The VES-13, translated and adapted, is a reliable instrument with respect to stability and internal consistency of their measurements. Its simple structure and easy to use may therefore contribute to the identification of vulnerable older people, thus contributing to the prioritization of monitoring health services.

Para utilizar el VES-13 una herramienta para la identificación de las personas mayores vulnerables la adaptación cultural se llevó a cabo, un proceso que busca la equivalencia entre el instrumento original y su versión en otra cultura. La evaluación de la equivalencia semántica, idiomática, cultural y conceptual obtuvo un acuerdo general en promedio de 78%, 78%, 97,0% y 94,0%, respectivamente. Para verificar la concordancia en la fiabilidad test-retest, se utilizó el coeficiente Kappa de Cohen, donde las variables fueron significativas. El análisis de consistencia interna se midió mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, donde están representados el 70% del fenómeno en estudio en el VES-13. El VES-13, traducida y adaptada, era un instrumento confiable con respecto a la estabilidad y la consistencia interna de sus mediciones. Su estructura simple y fácil de usar por lo tanto, puede contribuir a la identificación de las personas mayores vulnerables, contribuyendo así a la priorización de los servicios de vigilancia de la salud.

Levantamento das principais fontes de desperdício de unidades assistenciais de um hospital universitário / Survey of the major sources of waste in the health care units of a teaching hospital / Relevamiento de las principales fuentes de desperdicio en las unidades de atención de un hospital universitario

Este estudo teve como principais objetivos levantar os diferentes tipos de desperdício, suas causas e sugestões para eliminá-los, segundo a opinião de profissionais de enfermagem e médicos atuantes em unidades de Clínica Médica, Clínica Cirúrgica, Pediatria, Alojamento Conjunto e Berçário; e estimar o custo da principal fonte de desperdício nessas unidades. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa realizado no Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo. A amostra foi constituída por 189 profissionais de enfermagem e médicos. O desperdício relacionado aos materiais (36 por cento) foi o mais apontado por todas as categorias profissionais seguido pelo desperdício de estrutura física (27 por cento). Os materiais desperdiçados mais citados foram os medicamentos, pacotes de curativo, papel sulfite e dispositivos de infusão. O custo do desperdício anual com materiais nas unidades estudadas pode girar em torno de R$ 479.262,86.

The objectives of this study were to survey the different types of waste, their causes and suggestions to eliminate them according to the opinion of the nursing and medical staff from the Clinical Medicine, Surgery, Pediatrics, Rooming-In, and Nursery Units; and estimate the cost of the major source of waste found in the referred units. This descriptive, explorative study was performed at the University of São Paulo Teaching Hospital using a quantitative approach. The study sample consisted of 189 medical and nursing professionals. Material waste (36 percent) was the most often reported by all professional categories, followed by physical structure waste (27 percent). The most reported wasted materials were medicines, dressing packs, stationary paper, and infusion devices The estimated annual cost of material waste in the studied units is about R$ 479.262,86.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivos relevar los diferentes tipos de desperdicios, sus causas y las sugerencias para eliminarlos, según opinión de profesionales de enfermería y médicos actuantes en unidades de Clínica Médica, Clínica Quirúrgica, Pediatría, Internación Conjunta y Neonatología; y estimar el costo de la principal fuente de desperdicios en tales unidades. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, con abordaje cuantitativo, realizado en el Hospital Universitario de la Universidad de São Paulo. La muestra se constituyó con 189 profesionales de enfermería y médicos. El desperdicio relacionado a los materiales (36 por ciento) fue el mayormente referenciado por todas las categorías de profesionales, seguido por el desperdicio de estructura física (27 por ciento). Los materiales desperdiciados más citados fueron los medicamentos, paquetes de vendajes, papel de impresora y dispositivos de infusión. El costo de desperdicios anuales con materiales en las unidades estudiadas giraría en torno a los R$ 479.262,86.

Survey of the major sources of waste in the health care units of a teaching hospital. / Levantamento das principais fontes de desperdício de unidades assistenciais de um hospital universitário.

The objectives of this study were to survey the different types of waste, their causes and suggestions to eliminate them according to the opinion of the nursing and medical staff from the Clinical Medicine, Surgery, Pediatrics, Rooming-In, and Nursery Units; and estimate the cost of the major source of waste found in the referred units. This descriptive, explorative study was performed at the University of São Paulo Teaching Hospital using a quantitative approach. The study sample consisted of 189 medical and nursing professionals. Material waste (36%) was the most often reported by all professional categories, followed by physical structure waste (27%). The most reported wasted materials were medicines, dressing packs, stationary paper, and infusion devices The estimated annual cost of material waste in the studied units is about R$ 479.262,86.

Vulnerabilidade e envelhecimento: panorama dos idosos residentes no município de São Paulo - Estudo SABE / Vulnerability and aging: a prospect in the city of São Paulo - SABE Study

A vulnerabilidade é uma condição presente no envelhecimento que pode se manifestar em diferentes dimensões. Ampliar a discussão sobre esse conceito poderá contribuir com a construção de políticas públicas mais abrangentes e adequadas às necessidades das pessoas idosas. Este estudo teve como objetivo traçar o perfil das condições de vida e saúde dos idosos física e socialmente vulneráveis residentes no Município de São Paulo e a associação dessas condições com os desfechos: declínio funcional, fragilidade e óbito. Esta pesquisa é parte do Estudo SABE - Saúde, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento e caracteriza-se como longitudinal, descritiva, exploratória, analítica e de caráter quantitativo. A amostra compôs-se de 2.143 idosos entrevistados em 2000 dos quais 1.115 foram reavaliados em 2006, sendo a diferença devido à obitos, mudanças, institucionalização, não localização e recusas. As pessoas idosas fisicamente vulneráveis foram identificadas pelo Vulnerable Elders Survey (VES-13), traduzido, adaptado e com suas propriedades de medida analisadas para utilização em nosso meio. Para a avaliação da vulnerabilidade social, utilizou-se o Índice Paulista de Vulnerabilidade Social (IPVS). A análise de regressão linear utilizou o Qui-Quadrado de Pearson ajustado pelo Rao Scott para amostras complexas, considerando o nível de confiança de 95%. Os desfechos foram analisados por meio de Regressão Múltipla, utilizando a técnica stepwise forward. A validação do VES-13 mostrou que o instrumento éconfiável no que diz respeito à repetibilidade e à consistência interna de suas medidas. A vulnerabilidade física esteve presente em 38,1% dos idosos em 2000 e 52,7% em 2006. A maioria dos idosos residia em contextos de muito baixa e baixa vulnerabilidade social (71,9%). Os idosos fisicamente vulneráveis apresentaram maior distribuição na categoria média, alta e muito alta vulnerabilidade social (43,1% em 2000 e 60,1% em 2006). A vulnerabilidade física foi associada à fragilidade (92,8%; p=0,000), redução da capacidade funcional para atividades de vida diária básicas (65,7%;p=0,000) e instrumentais (57,2%; p=0,000) e óbito (57,2%; p=0,000). A vulnerabilidade social foi associada apenas ao óbito (p=0,014). O idoso fisicamente vulnerável tem maior chance de se tornar frágil (OR=2,61; p=0,000), dependente em atividades básicas (OR=2,48; p=0,001) e instrumentais de vida diária (OR=1,46; p=0,051) e de se tornar socialmente vulnerável (OR=1,50; p=0,005). O idoso socialmente vulnerável tem maior chance de óbito (OR=1,58; p=0,024) e de se tornar fisicamente vulnerável (OR=1,54; p=0,005). Pode-se concluir que existe associação entre vulnerabilidade física e vulnerabilidade social. Os desfechos, declínio funcional e fragilidade foram associados à vulnerabilidade física, e o desfecho óbito mostrou-se associado à vulnerabilidade social. Tais achados reforçam a importância da compreensão da vulnerabilidade nos idosos, permitindo a identificação e a priorização de recursos para oacompanhamento daqueles com maiores possibilidades de desfechos adversos.

The vulnerability is a condition found in aging that can appear in several dimensions. Extending the discussion about this concept can contribute to the construction of public policies comprehensive and appropriate to the needs of the elderly. The aims of this study was to identify and describe the living and health conditions of elderly physical and socially vulnerable in the city of São Paulo, Brasil and verify association with the outcomes: functional decline, frailty and death, six years later. This research is part of a project called Health, Well-being and Aging (SABE Study) described as longitudinal, descriptive, exploratory, analytical and quantitative study. The sample was composed by the 2.143 elders interviewed in 2000 of which 1.115 were reevaluated in 2006. The difference due to deaths, moves, institutionalization, non finding and refusal. The physically vulnerable elders were identified thorough the Vulnerable Elders Survey (VES-13), translated and culturally adapted for Brazilian Portuguese. The social vulnerability was identified thought the Paulista Index of Social Vulnerability (IPVS). Rao-Scott tests weighted to account for sample design effects were used to evaluate associations of the variable origin with the independent variables considering the level of confidence of 95%. Multiple Regression with stepwise forward technique was used to analyse the outcomes. Good reliability and face validity were demonstrated by this Brazilian Portuguese version of theVES-13. The physical vulnerability was presented in 38,1% of the elders in 2000 and 52,7% in 2006. Most of the elders lived in a context of very low and low social vulnerability (71,9%). The physically vulnerable elders presented higher distribution in the medium, high and very high social vulnerability category (43,1% in 2000 and 60,1% in 2006). The physical vulnerability was associated to frailty (92,8%; p=0,000), functional decline for basic (65,7%; p=0,000) and instrumental (57,2%; p=0,000) activities of daily living and death (57,2%; p=0,000). The social vulnerability was only associated with death (p=0,015). The physically vulnerable elderly has risk to become frail (2,61; p=0,000), to suffer functional decline for basic (2,48; p=0,001) and for instrumental (1,46; p=0,051) activities of daily living and has risk of social vulnerability(1,50; p=0,005). The socially vulnerable elderly has risk of death (1,58; p=0,024) and risk to become physically vulnerable (1,54; p=0,005). Thus, physical vulnerability and social vulnerability were associated and the outcomes functional decline and frailty were associated with physical vulnerability, while the outcome death was associated with social vulnerability. These findings suggest the importance of understanding the vulnerability in elderly, allowing the identification and prioritization of resources for the monitoring of those with higher possibility of adverse outcomes.

Higiene bucal: prática relevante na prevenção de pneumonia hospitalar em pacientes em estado crítico / Oral hygiene: a relevant practice to prevent hospital pneumonia in critically ill patients / Higiene bucal: práctica relevante en la prevención de neumonía hospitalaria en pacientes en estado crítico

Este artigo objetivou atualizar o conhecimento a respeito dos aspectos microbiológicos da cavidade oral e sua relação com a higiene bucal na prevenção da pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica. Estudos analisados têm sido favoráveis ao uso de antissépticos para descontaminação da orofaringe, embora ainda não exista uma padronização de condutas a respeito da técnica e produtos.

The objective of this article was to update knowledge on the microbiological aspects of the oral cavity and, verify the relation of oral hygiene with the prevention of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation. The studies analyzed were in favor of the use of antiseptics for decontaminating the oral cavity and pharynx, although there is still no standardization of procedures on the technique and products used in this process.

Este artículo tuvo por objetivo actualizar el conocimiento sobre aspectos microbiológicos de la cavidad oral y verificar la relación de la higiene bucal con la prevención de la neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica. Los estudios analizados se han mostrado favorables al uso de antisépticos para descontaminar la cavidad oral y la faringe, a pesar de que todavía no existe una estandarización de conductas sobre la técnica y de los productos utilizados en ese proceso.