Functional Features of Hemocoagulation in rats with Experimentally formed Arterial Hypertension in Conditions of Increased Motor Activity

In rats with experimentally formed arterial hypertension, lipid perxidation in the plasma, amplification of blood chotting mechanisms with a decrease in anticoagulation and fibrinolysis was noted. Regular forced jogging provided the experimental rats with a positive dynamic of all the indicators considered. Thus, with increased muscular activity, the level of acyl hydro-peroxides of plasma decreased in rats with arterial hypertension formed due to the enhancement of its antioxidant activity. In addition, with the increase in muscle activity in experimental rats, normalization of clotting factor activity, indices of general coagulation tests, antithrobin III activity and protein C was achieved. This was accompanied by a normalization of the level of plasminogen, a2-antiplasmin and spontaneous euglobulin lysis time. In rats with formed arterial hipertension with stgandard physical activity, the initial violations of the measured parameters were completely preserved (AU)

[The study of the association between rs2228570 polymorphism of VDR gene and vitamin D blood serum concentration in the inhabitants of the Russian Arctic].

Genetic factor plays a significant role in nutrient deficiency development, including vitamins, by present time the association between several genetic polymorphisms and vitamin deficiency in the different regions of the world has been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association between VDR FokI polymorphism and vitamin D sufficiency in the population of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District of the Russian Federation. The group of participants included 172 people, among them 133 women and 39 men aged 20 to 75 years old. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood and genotyped for the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of FokI T/C: (rs2228570) using allele-specific amplification, results were detected in real time using TaqManprobes complementary DNA polymorphic sites. The concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured by ELISA. The decreased level of 25(OH)D in blood serum (<20 ng/ml) occurred in 38.2% of the population surveyed, and 25(OH)D blood level in the alien population of the region was significantly lower than that in the indigenous population. Genetic peculiarities of the inhabitants of the Arctic zone were identified by comparison with the inhabitants of the European part of the Russian Federation. Allele C frequency of VDR rs2228570 polymorphism in the alien population was 71.1%, higher than in indigenous population (50.0%) while in the inhabitants of the European part of Russia it was 57.8%. Vitamin D blood level was statistically significantly lower in all homozygous C allele carriers than in genotype TT carriers, and vitamin D deficit frequency was 2.3 fold higher (48.4 vs. 21.1%, p<0.05). In the group of indigenous people of this region vitamin D levels in carriers of CC and CT genotype were also significantly lower than that of TT genotype carriers. The incidence of vitamin D deficiency in homozygous carriers of the allele C (45.5%) was 5.5 fold higher than among TT genotype carriers (p<0.01), and 1.6 fold higher than that in CT genotype carriers (p>0.05). Thus, the association between C allele presence of rs2228570 polymorphism of VDR gene and a deficiency of vitamin D (reduced levels of 25 (OH)D in blood serum) has been revealed.

[The investigation the combined effect of SNP rs9939609 (gene FTO) and rs4994 (gene ADRB3) polymorphisms on risk of obesity].

The genetic factor plays a significant role in the development of obesity, by present time the association of hundreds genetic polymorphisms with the risk of this disease is established. However, the combined influence of genetic polymorphisms remains practically unstudied. We aimed to investigate the combined effect SNP rs9939609 (gene FTO) and rs4994 (gene ADRB3) polymorphisms on risk of obesity. A case-control study was conducted, including255 obese case (BMI>30 kg/m2) and 427 non obese controls (BMI<30 kg/m2). Genotyping was performed using allele-specific amplification, detection results in real time using TaqMan-probes complementary DNA polymorphic sites. It has been shown, that presence of one mutant allele of rs9939609 (gene FTO) and rs4994 (gene ADRB3) leads to statistically significant association with obesity. Presence of two mutant alleles in different polymorphic variants increases risk of obesity by 15%, presence of three mutant alleles - by 2.63 fold. The quantity surveyed, suffering obesity, increased depending on the number of mutant alleles in studied genetic polymorphisms. Presence of one or two mutant alleles in one polymorphic variant increased the number of patients with obesity by 13.4%, presence of two or three mutant alleles in different polymorphic variants -by 18-19%.

[The study of energy balance in individuals with the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the ß3-adrenoreceptor gene].

The study involved 104 people living in the Moscow region, including 18 men and 86 women aged 18 to 67 years. Genotyping of rs4994 ADRB3 polymorphisms was performed using allele-specific amplification, with result detection in real time and using TaqMan-probes complementary to polymorphic DNA regions. The frequency of the mutant allele in individuals was 8.0%, while the Trp64Trp genotype was detected in 84.0% of cases, Trp64Ar - in 16.0%, AA - in 19.0%. Compared with men with genotype Trp64Trp, the men with the Trp64Ar polymorphisms (rs4994) of ADRB3 gene had significantly lower energy expenditure at rest value, calculated per kg of body muscle mass that was associated with higher fat mass, levels of blood serum leptin and LDL cholesterol. The data obtained suggested that leptin could be a possible intermediary contributing to the association between the rs4994 polymorphism of ADRB3 gene and energy disbalance.

[The study of the association of polymorphism rs659366 gene UCP2 c obesity and type 2 diabetes among residents of the Moscow Region].

1112 people from Moscow region have been surveyed. Genotyping of rs659366 polymorphism UCP2 gene was performed using allele-specific amplification, result detection in real time and using TaqMan-probes complementary DNA polymorphic sites. The study of rs659366 polymorphism of the UCP2 gene has showed that 36.9% of patients had genotype AA, 46.7%--genotype AG, and 16.5%--genotype GG. The frequency of allele A was 60.2%, allele G--39.8%. BMI, value of fat mass, visceral fat area, serum glucose and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in carriers of A allele in the homozygous and heterozygous state than in carriers of G allele in the homozygous state. Frequency of A allele compared with G allele in obese patients (BMI greater than 30 kg/m2) was: OR--1.52; CI (1.24-1.86), p = 0.001, and in diabetes mellitus type 2--OR--1.22; CI (0.910-1.622), p = 0.19.

[The study of the association of polymorphism rs5219 gene KCNJ11 with obesity and the risk of type 2 diabetes among residents of the Moscow Region].

The study involved 1,050 people living in the Moscow region, including 311 men and 739 women. Genotyping of KCNJ11 rs5219 polymorphisms was performed using allele-specific amplification, result detection in real time and using TaqMan-probes complementary to polymorphic DNA regions. Results of the study of KCN11 rs5219 gene polymorphism showed that 14.2% of the patients had TT genotype, 44.8%--CT genotype, 41.0%--CC genotype. The frequency of the mutant T alele was 36.6%, C allele--63.4%. The frequency of the T allele didn't significantly differ in individuals with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and individuals with a BMI < 30 kg/m2 (38.8% and 35.7%, respectively), OR--1.14; CI (0.907-1.439), p = 0.26. At the same time, the amount of energy expenditure at rest, calculated per kg lean body weight, and serum content of uric acid in were significantly higher in individuals with KCNJ11 rs5219 polymorphism, both in homo-, and in the heterozygous type. The frequency of the T allele and TT genotype in patients with hyperglycemia was higher than in the comparison group. Genotype TT is associated with type 2 diabetes (OR = 2.35, CI: 1.018-5.43, p = 0.04).

[The study of the peculiarities of metabolism in individuals with rs9939609 polymorphism of FTO gene].

A total of 104 people, among them were 18 men and 86 women aged 18 to 67 years--people in the Moscow region of the Russian Federation, in the sanatorium treatment. Association embodiment rs9939609 FTO obesity was studied using allele-specific amplification, detection results in real time using TaqMan-probes complementary DNA polymorphisms. The frequency of the mutant allele in individuals was 47.0%, while the TT genotype was detected in 25.0% of cases, AT--in 56.0%, AA.0%. In men, prevalence rates of obesity risk allele (A) is higher than in women. In individuals with obesity (BMI over 30 kg/m2) indicated the presence of more AA genotypes (2 7.8%) compared to individuals with a body mass index of less than 30 kg/m2 (14.1%) and a high frequency of occurrence (54.2 versus 43.0%) risk allele A. Compared with individuals with genotype TT, the examinees with the AA genotype rs9939609 FTO gene was significantly higher BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, fat mass. The same patients energy expenditure at rest value, calculated per kg of lean body mass or muscle, was slightly less than with TT genotype. In individuals with the AA genotype rs9939609 FTO gene compared with the TT genotype had significantly lower levels of HDL cholesterol and serum iron in the background significantly elevated concentrations of uric acid. Thus, the evaluation of patients with the use of innovative technologies in a spa treatment allows their personal alimentary correction for the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases.

[Regional features of obesity-associated gene polymorphism (rs9939609 FTO gene and gene Trp64Arg ADRB3) in Russian population].

Recent studies have shown a significant association with obesity polymorphisms: rs9939609 gene due to fat mass and obesity FTO in European and some Asian and African American populations Trp64Arg ADRB3 gene in several European populations. Association of variants rs9939609 and Trp64Arg obesity was studied in 1244 the inhabitants of Moscow and Sverdlovsk regions. Genotyping was performed using allele-specific amplification, detection results in real time using TaqMan-probes complementary DNA polymorphic sites. The frequency of the mutant allele of the FTO gene in the population of Moscow and Sverdlovsk region was 45.1%, with the TT genotype was detected in 30.2% of cases, AT--49.5%, AA--20.3%. Women had the presence of the mutant allele more likely than men (48.4 vs. 42.5%). People with obesity were more genotypes AA (26.3%) and AT (52.8%) compared to the surveyed with a BMI of less than 30 kg/m2 (respectively 18.1 and 50.7%). A significantly higher incidence of risk allele A was found in individuals with obesity (52.6 and 43.4%). The presence of the mutant allele of the gene ADRB3 among the population of Moscow and Sverdlovsk regions was noted in 7.4% of cases. While 15.5% of patients had a heterozygous genotype Trp64Arg ADRB3, that is consistent with international research. The frequency of the risk allele and genotype Arg64 Trp64Arg in women (9.3 and 18.5%) was significantly higher than men (6.2 and 12.2%). The presence of the mutant allele and genotype Trp64Arg ADRB3 (respectively, 9.1 and 18.1%) were significantly more marked in the examined obese compared with those with a body mass index less than 30 kg/m2 (7.4 and 14.9%), but these differences were not statistically significant. The results of these studies suggest that genetic variants of the FTO gene rs9939609 genotype and Trp64Arg ADRB3 contribute to the development of obesity among residents of Moscow and Sverdlovsk Region of Russia. The risk of obesity increases in the case of combined polymorphisms in both genes.

[The role of the Consultative and Diagnostic Centre "Healthy Nutrition" in the diagnosis and nutritional prevention of non-communicable diseases].

In a consultative and diagnostic center "Healthy Nutrition" of Institute of Nutrition the nutritional status of 3500 patients (mean age 48.4 ± 0.3 years) liv- ing in the Moscow region, using a system Nutritest IP-3, including genomic analysis has been examined. In the analysis of dietary intake by an average review, increased energy intake due to excess intake of the total (44.2% energy) and saturated fat (13.6%) has been shown. 30.0% of patients were overweight and 34.1% were obese. Osteopenia was detected in 31.0% of men and 25.0% women, osteoporosis--20.9% and 30.3%, respectively. Analysis of the results of biochemical studies revealed increased cholesterol in 68.7% of patients, LDL cholesterol--at 63.9%, triglycerides-- at 22.5%, glucose--at 29.4%. The frequency of the occurrence of risk alleles of genes associated with the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus was: 47.8%--for the polymorphism rs9939609 (FTO gene), 8.3%--for polymorphism rs4994 (gene ADRB3), 60.2%--for the polymorphism rs659366 (gene UCP2), 36.6%--for the rs5219 polymorphism in the gene of ATP-dependent potassium channel.

[The Trp64Arg polymorphism of beta3-adrenoreceptor gene study in persons with overweight and obesity].

The development of obesity is determined by lifestyle and genetic mechanisms. In particular, the polymorphisms in the adrenergic receptor genes (ADRB) have been extensively studied for association with obesity-related phenotypes. ADRB3 is an obvious candidate gene given its involvement in the regulation of lipolysis and thermogenesis. ADRB3 Trp64Arg polymorphism, a missense mutation in the first transmembrane domain of the R3-adrenergic receptor is associated with visceral obesity and insulin resistance in the Pima Indian, French, and Finnish populations. The recent meta-analysis that combined data of 6582 individuals from Japanese populations showed significant association the Arg64 allele with increased BMI. There are tested the polymorphisms in the beta3-Adrenoreceptor (ADRB3) gene in associated with body mass index (BMI), fat mass and biochemical parameters.We have been examined 91 persons from Moscow region with BMI >25 kg/m2. The Trp64Arg polymorphism of ADRB3 genes were genotyped with the use of an allelic discrimination assay. The TaqMan-based real-time PCR method was applied. There have been estimated of anthropometric and biochemicalparameters. The frequencies of the Trp64Trp and Trp64Arggenotypes of ADRB3 gene were 82% and 12%, respectively, the frequencies of mutant allele was 6%. Trp64Arg genotypes of ADRB3 compared to Trp64Trp genotypes had significantly higher body fat percentage (respectively 48,6 +/- 0,96% and 43,8 +/- 1,72%, p<0,05), serum glucose (6,51 +/- 0,18 mmol/l and 5,67 +/- 0,09 mmol/l, p<0,01) and uric acid concentrations (0,46 +/- 0,02 mmol/l and 0,38 +/- 0,01 mmol/l, p<0,05). The test of the ADRB3 gene polymorphisms can be used for the personalization of diet in persons with obesity.

[The study of polymorphism rs9939609 FTO gene in patients with overweight and obesity].

In 94 persons living in the Moscow region, with a body mass index >25 kg/m2 were identified on the polymorphism rs9939609 FTO gene. The results showed that 83% of them were carriers of the mutant allele, and 43%--contained the mutant allele in the homozygous state. Carriers of the mutant allele rs9939609 FTO gene were distinguished by higher absolute and relative values of fat mass and triglycerides in serum.

[Soups in human nutrition].

The article gives information about the soups traditionally used by the population of Russia. A classification of soups, their nutrients and energy content, as well as the contribution of soups to daily nutrient consumption of the population are presented. Taking into account results of epidemiological researches of dietary the most popular types of first lunch dishes (soups) in the population of Russia were found out.

[Membrane biogenesis]. / Biogenez membran.

The literary data on the problem of the membrane biogenesis are generalized. The mechanisms of formation, possible ways of metabolism of biomembrane structure in cells and the ways of their degradation are considered. A conclusion has been made on the existence in the cells several types of movement as for the separate components and membrane fragments as well.

[Microsomal protein changes in the brain of hens in ontogeny]. / Izmenenie mikrosomal'nykh belkov mozga kur v ontogeneze.

Studies have been made on the peripheral (extracted by 1 M KCl, pH 9.0) and integral (successively extracted by a 1% solution of Triton X-100 and 0.3% solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate) microsomal proteins from the brain of chick embryos beginning from the 8th day of incubation, chicks and adult hens up to 1 year 4 months. Investigation was made of the quantity, fractional composition (by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) and the rate of incorporation of 14C-lysine. It was found that the content of these membrane proteins and their composition depend on the age of animals. Integral proteins as compared with peripheral ones exhibit higher rate of incorporation of the labeled amino acid, this rate increasing with the age of animals.