Clinicopathological profile and outcome of adult infection-related glomerulonephritis: A prospective follow-up study.

Background: . Infection-related glomerulonephritis (IRGN) in adults is witnessing a dramatic shift in its epidemiology and outcome. Adult IRGN studies are all retrospective in nature, and Indian studies are scarce. Methods: . We did this prospective study (September 2016-April 2018) on all patients with biopsy-proven IRGN and age ≥18 years satisfying three of five diagnostic criteria. Patients with persistent hypocomplementaemia (>3 months) were excluded. We did electron microscopy in those without a minimum of three diagnostic criteria and did an extensive search for any occult infection in every patient. Results: . Forty-five patients were studied with a mean (SD) follow-up of 45.7 (20) weeks. Their mean age was 41.5 years (18-70 years), with a female preponderance (1:1.25). At presentation, the majority had oedema (100%), oliguria (84.4%), hypertension (80%) and haematuria (77.8%). Of them, 86.7% had renal insufficiency and 35.6% required dialysis. Only 53.3% of them had evidence of antecedent/ current infection, with skin/subcutaneous focus being the most common site. Hypocomplementaemia was present in 82.2% of patients. Salient pathological features were endocapillary proliferation (93.3%), neutrophilic infiltration (88.9%), presence of crescents (17.8%), interstitial infiltration (24.4%), moderate-to-severe interstitial fibrosis with tubular atrophy (IFTA; 15.5%) and underlying diabetic glomerulosclerosis (8.9%). Only 66.7% of patients made complete renal recovery. By logistic regression analysis, the predictors of poor outcome were a requirement for dialysis at presentation (p=0.04) and presence of IFTA (p = 0.03). Conclusion: . A proportion of adult IRGN patients progress to chronic kidney disease.

IgG4 related interstitial nephritis: A case report and review of literature.

IgG4 interstitial nephritis is a recently described entity. A middle-aged gentleman with bilateral parotid enlargement, hepatosplenomegaly and generalized lymphadenopathy was referred to us for evaluation of renal failure. He had trace proteinuria and large kidneys. Kidney biopsy revealed interstitial nephritis with characteristic storiform fibrosis. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated intense staining for IgG4-secreting plasma cells in the interstitium.

Antibacterial Activity of Rhizome of Curcuma aromatica and Partial Purification of Active Compounds.

The hexane extract of Curcuma aromatica, a plant belonging to the family Zingiberaceae was tested on 10 bacterial strains (clinical isolates and standard strains). Agar diffusion method was adopted for determining the antibacterial activity of the extract. The hexane extract was found to be active against all Gram-positive strains tested, but inactive against Gram-negative strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined and found to be 539 µg/ml. The phytochemical analysis of hexane extract by gas chromatography mass spectrometry revealed the presence of 13 compounds. The crude hexane extract was partially purified by thin layer chromatography. The zone showing good antibacterial activity was analysed further by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, UV/Vis spectrophotometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which indicated the probable presence of germacrone.

Maxillary Growth Encircling the Central Incisor Crown.

During osteogenesis, mesenchymal tissues function to form fibrous matrix which changes into bone by ossification. In rare instances, fibrous matrix persists in which foci of immature bone is evident resulting in progressive enlargement. Such conditions are commonly benign in nature but few are anatomically benign and clinically destructive. Though recurrence and residual defects following surgical treatment are the challenging complications, fatal consequences are infrequent. We report a juvenile case of ossifying fibroma with an aim to highlight its clinical course and salient criteria to differentiate this entity from the common variants.

Anti-MRSA activity of aldehyde Schiff base N-aryl thiosemicarbazones.

Eight different newly synthesised aldehyde Schiff base N-aryl thiosemicarbazones, differing in R, R' groups, are tested on 25 clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and a standard strain. Antibacterial activity was carried out by a well-diffusion method in concentrations of 15-500 microg/well. Compounds 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 showed good inhibition of MRSA. Increasing concentration of the test compounds enlarged the inhibition zone. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was carried out using a dilution susceptibility test in concentrations of 4-512 microg/mL of the medium. The lowest MIC value (16 microg/mL) was produced by compound 4.

Antimicrobial activities of Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) R.Br. and Hemidesmus indicus R.Br. Roots.

Hexane, chloroform and aqueous extracts from Hemidesmus indicus and Ichnocarpus frutescens roots were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. The chloroform extract of both plants showed antibacterial and antifungal activities against the tested organisms. Both the plants showed highest antibacterial and antifungal activity against Eschericia coli and Aspergillus flavus respectively. With increase in concentration of the extract a corresponding increase in diameter of inhibition vgme was observed. The roots of the common substitute of H.Indicus namely Ifrutescenspossess similar antimicrobial properties.

Phytochemical characteristics of Ichnocarpus frutescens. (L) R.Br.

The roots of Ichnocarpus frutescens (L) R.Br. (Apocynaceae) are used in indigenous system of medicine. The present study on phytochemical characteristics of root powder, namely behavior with different chemical reagents, fluorescent behaviour, extractive values, colour and consistency and qualitative phytochemical studies are useful for identification and conformation of its authenticity.

Antimicrobial properties of roots of medicinal plants.

Antibacterial properties of hexane, chloroform and aqueous extracts of roots of Acorus calamus, Aristolochia indica, Cyperus rotundus, Desmodium gangeticum, Holostemma ada- kodien and Kaempferia galanga, used in the traditional medicine were studied on Bacillus pumilis and Eschericia coli by disc diffusion method.