SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY INDICES IN PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT GLIOMAS AND EFFECTS OF PLATELET SECRETOME IN VITRO.

BACKGROUND: To date, no significant clinical progress has been achieved in the treatment of brain malignant gliomas (MG), and the active search for non-invasive circulating biomarkers continues. The prognostic significance of the ratio of the main peripheral blood cell populations of patients with MG is evaluated. Considerable attention is paid to the secretome of platelets (Pt) of peripheral blood. AIM: To evaluate the indicators of the peripheral blood cell population ratios in patients with brain MG and to study the influence of the secretome of Pt (SPt) of the peripheral blood of patients with brain MG in cell cultures in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied samples of peripheral blood from patients with glioma CNS WHO grade G2 (n = 5), G3 (n = 12), and G4 (n = 20). The peripheral blood cell counts were analyzed in the preoperative period on an automatic hematology analyzer. The in vitro study of SPt was performed on the U251 human glioblastoma cell line cultured with SPt from MG patients or SPt pre-incubated with anti-TGF-ß1 antibody. Cell cultures were observed for 72 h, and mitotic index (MI) was calculated. RESULTS: In MG patients, the count of peripheral blood leukocytes and neutrophils increased (p < 0.05). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) increased by 2-3 times compared to control. Nevertheless, correlation analysis did not reveal significant relationships between quantitative indicators of peripheral blood cells and the tumor malignancy degree in MG patients. The MI in U251 cells increased under the influence of SPt from patients with MG (p < 0.021), correlated with the tumor degree of malignancy (r = 0.246, p = 0.014). Pre-incubation of SPt with anti-TGF-ß1 antibody tends to neutralize this promitotic effect. CONCLUSION: In MG patients, the integral indicators of NLR and SII increased but no significant relationship with the degree of tumor malignancy was found. In U251 cells, promitotic effects of SPt of MG patients partially decreased by anti-TGF-ß1 antibody.

Expression pattern of MRPS18 family genes in gliomas.

AIM: To assess expression patterns of MRPS18 family genes in glioblastoma tissues and glioma cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Expression of MRPS18 family genes was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in glioma cell lines and glioblastoma specimens. A bioinformatic analysis of the publicly available data on the expression of these genes was also provided. RESULTS: The genes of MRPS18 family show different expression patterns in glioblastomas and glioma cell lines. The highest levels of expression were found for MRPS18-2 at mRNA and protein levels in both glioblastomas and glioma cell lines; the lowest - for MRPS18-1 at mRNA level. CONCLUSIONS: The elevated levels of relative expression of the MRPS18-2 gene are characteristic for glioma tumor tissues and cell lines.

TGF-ß1 expression by glioma C6 cells in vitro.

The aim of the work was to study the impact of fetal rat brain cell supernatant (FRBCS) on the expression of transforming growth factor ß1 (TGF-ß1) and p53 in C6 cells of rat glioma in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: FRBCS was obtained from suspensions of fetal rat brain cells on the 14th (E14) day of gestation. C6 glioma cells were cultured for 48 h in the presence of FRBCS or FRBCS + anti-TGF-ß1 monoclonal antibody. Immunocytochemical staining for TGF-ß1 and p53 was performed. RESULTS: The proportion of TGF-ß1-immunopositive tumor cells in C6 glioma cultures was statistically significantly higher than in the control cell cultures of normal fetal rat brain. FRBCS reduced the proportion of TGF-ß1-immunopositive tumor cells and increased the proportion of p53-immunopositive cells in C6 glioma cultures. In cells cultured with FRBCS + anti-TGF-ß1 monoclonal antibody, the above effects of FRBCS were abrogated. CONCLUSION: The obtained results suggest that TGF-ß1 seems to be responsible for decrease in TGF-ß1 expression and increase in p53 expression in C6 glioma cells treated with FRBCS.

[Planning of variants of endoscopic transnasal access to adenoma of hypophysis].

Results of treatment of 17 patients, operated primarily for adenoma of hypophysis (AH) using endoscopic transnasal access in clinic of transsphenoidal surgery of hypophysis adenoma, were analyzed. Anatomical variants of paranasal cavities (PNC) and preoperative criteria in accordance to the CT data, determining tactics of endoscopic interventions and technical peculiarities of its separate stages are adduced. While comparing MRI data on the stage of preoperative planning and multispiral CT (MSCT) PNC with additional layings of a patient detailed information about their variative anatomy was achieved. Quantitative virtual 3D estimation of PNC anatomy in accordance to MSCT criteria permits to determine individual peculiarities of cranial structure and the changed anatomic ratios, caused by pathological process, and to prevent iatrogenic complications.

[OPTIMIZATION OF THE TREATMENT TACTICS IN BRAIN ABSCESS, USING THE PUNCTURE STEREOTAXIC ASPIRATION].

There was analyzed the application efficacy of stereotaxic aspiration of the brain abscess (BA) content, localized in a deep and functionally significant parts of the brain, in 12 patients--with supratentorial BA. Stereotaxic interventions were performed, using stereotaxic systems CRW Radionics (USA) and the security program for calculation of coordynates StereoFusion, StereoPlan (Radionics), Fraime Link (Medtronic, USA). Postoperative observation period have lasted from 1 to 36 mo, (14 ± 3.6) mo at average. lntraoperatively in 11 (91.7%) patients a purulent content of BA was evacuated, and in 1 (8.3%)--a BA was diagnosed in the encephalitis stage. Stereotaxic aspiration is an effective and secure method of surgical treatment of BA. It may constitute an alternative to open surgical excision of BA due to lesser invasiveness and possibility of the neurological complications occurrence.

[The age peculiarities of metabolism and structure of the brain tumors and its clinical significance].

Retrospective analysis of the treatment results in 476 patients, suffering the brain glioma (BG), was conducted. Peculiarities of diagnosis, clinical course and morphological features of the BG in elderly patients were noted. Morphological criteria of meta- bolic paraneoplastic signs were established. The role of structural signs of hypoxia in elderly patients was estimated for prognostication of the disease course.

[Differentiated approach for determination of the patients treatment tactics in focal affection of brain, using stereotaxic methods].

There were analyzed the results of stereotaxic biopsy in 338 patients, using CRW stereotaxic system (Radionics, U.S.A.), performed with the objective for differential diagnosis and treatment conduction in the focal affection of brain (of tumoral and nontumoral etiology). In the recurrent cystic affection of brain there were determined diagnostic informativity and trustworthiness of the cysts stereotaxic aspirationance, the abscesses drainage and the Ommaya reservoir implantation. There was proved the important significance of stereotaxic methods in differential diagnosis and treatment of the brain focal affection.

[Expression of myelin basic protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein genes in human glial brain tumors].

Analysis of the expression of genes encoding myelin basic protein (MBP) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) genes in human glial tumors was carried out for determination of the expression specificity of these genes according to tumor types and their malignancy. Low levels of MBP mRNA in astrocytoma specimens of malignancy grades II-IV and significantly higher levels in perifocal zone adjacent to them have been determined by Northern hybridization. Diffuse astrocytomas and anaplastic astrocytomas are characterized mostly by low level of MBP gene expression and high level of GFAP gene expression, but distinct subtypes of diffuse and anaplastic astrocytomas with high level of MBP gene and low level of GFAP gene expression can be also detected that may be the reflection of different oncogenic pathways. Very low levels or even absence of MBP mRNA were revealed in oligodendroglioma and all oligoastrocytomas. Thus, Northern hybridization data are correlated with Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE). Obtained results show that MBP is nonspecific marker for tumors of oligodendroglial origin, but determination of relative levels of MBP and GFAP mRNAs may be useful for glial tumors recognition. By such a way, these two genes together with previously found by us YKL-40 and TSC-22 can be included into the gene panel for the determination of so called "gene signatures" of brain tumors. However, severe requirements in relation to a clinical value of these "gene signatures" can not be formulated without their verification on plenty of clinical samples of tumors and valid control.

[Exceptionally high content of mRNA of IGF-II-associated protein in meningiomas].

A comparison of gene expression profiles in different types of human brain tumours and normal brain by Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) revealed exceptionally high content of CTTGGGTTTT tag in meningioma and ependimoma SAGE-libraries. A search of the most relevant gene for this tag on the website "SAGE Anatomic Viewer" showed that it belonged to the nucleotide sequence of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) gene as well as to the open reading frame 43 on a chromosome 11 (C11orf43). This nucleotide sequence encodes putative insulin-like growth factor II associated protein (IGF-IIA). mRNA for this protein is produced as a result of the processing of IGF-II gene primary transcript. Northern analysis of glial tumours and meningiomas showed the exceptionally high level of mRNA of IGF-II-associated protein in meningiomas. Protein, encoded by this mRNA, can play the important role in meningioma formation and may be used as their specific molecular marker.

[Amplification test-systems in the diagnosis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and in studies of viral pathogens]. / Primenenie amplifikatsionnoi test-sistemy dlia diagnostiki gemorragicheskoi likhoradki s pochechnym sindromom i izucheniia genotipov virusov-vozbuditelei.

The "VectoHantivirus-ampli" test system based on rtPCR was shown as fitting the detection of virus RNA in blood samples of patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) made at early stages and no later than 7 days from the disease onset. A sequence analysis of viral nucleotide sequences of PCR products produced by the test-system ensured the identification of Hantaviruses (pathogens of HFRS). Two genetic variants of Puumula virus were shown to circulate in the territory of the Bashkortostan Republic; they differ by 10.0-13.8%, one of them is absolutely new. The Hantan virus FE genetic variant was detected in the studied samples from the Khabarovsk Territory.

[Exogenous organic psychoses and their differential diagnosis in the forensic psychiatric clinic]. / Ekzogenno-organicheskie psikhozy i ikh differentsial'nyi diagnoz v klinike sudebnoi psikhiatrii.

Forty-two male patients with organic involvement of the brain of various origins with different severity of psycho-organic changes were examined in order to detect the structural and dynamic clinical features of exogenous organic psychoses for forensic psychiatric expert evaluation. Four variants of such psychoses were distinguished (acute, protracted, relapsing, and periodical), depending on the conditions of development and syndrome formation. Their clinical manifestations are described, forensic psychiatric approaches defined, and variants of forensic psychiatric evaluation presented.

[The effect of hydrocortisone on carbohydrase activity along the intestinal villus in chicks]. / Vliianie gidrokortizona na aktivnost' karbogidraz vdol' kishechnoi vorsinki u tsypliat.

Administration of hydrocortisone increased the sucrase and amylolytic activities in the brush border of the enterocytes along the intestinal villus and decreased the maltase activity in fed chicken. Hydrocortisone does not affect the level of maltase activity in food-deprived chicks.

[Na-Dis disc electrophoresis of mitochondrial membrane of cereals]. / Disk-élektroforez v DS-Na membrannykh belkov mitokhondrii zlakovykh rastenii.

Na-DS disc electrophoresis of mitochondrial membrane proteins of cereals on polyacrylamide plates resulted in 37 to 44 subunits with molecular weights ranging from 10 000 to 300 000. The high affinity of electrophoretic patterns of the mitochondrial membranes of rye, oats and two selectively different wheat varieties and their identicity in 3- and 10-day-old sprouts and roots are indicative of evolutionary and functional stability of this protein group.