Identification of Genetic Variants in Exon 4 of TP53 in Lung Carcinoma and in Silico Prediction of Their Significance.

Lung cancer is a severe and the leading cause of cancer related deaths in men and women all over the world. Tumor suppressor protein (TP53) encoded by the TP53 gene which plays a pivotal role in various cellular tumor suppression processes viz cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Henceforth, the present study was aimed to TP53 exon4 variants from lung carcinoma. Histopathologic and clinically proven 20 patients of lung cancer were enrolled in this study the average age of patients was 45 ± 8 years which categorized as early onset of lung cancer. Genomic DNA was isolated from the blood specimen of patients. Extracted DNA was subjected to PCR amplification for exon 4 of TP53 using appropriate primers and subsequently amplified products were applied to nucleotide alterations via using the DNA sanger sequencing. The genetic analysis documented five variants in exon4 of TP53 which include viz. 4 substitutions [c.215 > C at codon 72, C. 358-359AA > GG at codon 120] were highly prevalent, occurring in 63% and 25% frequency in patients. Other two variants viz. C. 358 A > C at codon 120, C. 365T > G at codon 122 were present at frequency of 15% whilst one deletion variant [152 del C] was found with 5% frequency. Furthermore, alterations on codon 72, 120,122 and 51 were characterized as possibly damaging by Poly Phen-2 and decreased stability using stability bioinformatic tool. Taken together all these findings infer that TP53 gene involved in modulation and susceptibility to lung cancer.

Direct Relationship Between Uric Acid and C-Reactive Protein and Its Implication in the Chronic Kidney Disease.

Chronic Kidney disease (CKD) is a serious life threatening disease associated with morbidity and mortality in India. Hypothetical relationship between serum uric acid and C-Reactive protein (CRP) levels has been demonstrated in the pathophysiology of CKD. Fifty chronic kidney disease patients before dialysis and fifty controls were executed for measurement of serum uric acid and C-Reactive protein as well as other biochemical parameters analysis. Serum C-Reactive protein was measured by quantitative turbidimetric immunoassay. In this study, serum uric acid, creatinine, urea and C-Reactive protein levels were significant raised in CKD group to that of controls. Notably serum C-Reactive protein levels were significantly higher in the CKD patients associated with non-diabetic factors in comparison to diabetic associated CKD patients. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) exhibited a strong association between uric acid and C-Reactive protein levels. A strong direct relationship between serum uric acid and C-Reactive protein in CKD patients are plausibly culprits in the progression of diseases.

Potential molecular mechanisms of zinc- and copper-mediated antiviral activity on COVID-19.

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread across the globe; and surprisingly, no potentially protective or therapeutic antiviral molecules are available to treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) have been shown to exert protective effects due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. Therefore, it is hypothesized that supplementation with Zn and Cu alone or as an adjuvant may be beneficial with promising efficacy and a favorable safety profile to mitigate symptoms, as well as halt progression of the severe form of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The objective of this review is to discuss the proposed underlying molecular mechanisms and their implications for combating SARS-CoV-2 infection in response to Zn and Cu administration. Several clinical trials have also included the use of Zn as an adjuvant therapy with dietary regimens/antiviral drugs against COVID-19 infection. Overall, this review summarizes that nutritional intervention with Zn and Cu may offer an alternative treatment strategy by eliciting their virucidal effects through several fundamental molecular cascades, such as, modulation of immune responses, redox signaling, autophagy, and obstruction of viral entry and genome replication during SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Analysis of performance of clinical biochemistry laboratory using Sigma metrics and Quality Goal Index.

BACKGROUND: Unreliable and ingenuine results issued by clinical laboratories have serious consequences for the patients. Sigma metrics is a standardized tool for Quality assessment for test performance in a laboratory. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of routine biochemistry laboratory at MMIMSR, Mullana in terms of Sigma metrics and Quality Goal Index. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross sectional study evaluated performance of 14 routine chemistry parameters using retrospective Internal Quality Control data of two levels on Siemens Dimension Rxl from Feb to Jul 2019 for CV% and EQAS reports from CMC, Vellore for Bias%. Sigma metrics was calculated using total allowable error targets as per CLIA and Biological Variability database guidelines. RESULTS: For level-2 IQC; TG, Chol, ALP showed excellent performance with σ â€‹> â€‹6 while σ â€‹< â€‹3 was observed for AST, Total Protein, Glucose, BUN and ALT using CLIA guidelines while in IQC Level-3 poor performers were only BUN and ALT with Ca, TG and Chol showing σ â€‹> â€‹6. Further by using Biological Variability data guidelines; 10 parameters of IQC Level-2 and 5 of IQC level-3 were poor performers with σ â€‹< â€‹3. CONCLUSION: Sigma metrics is an excellent tool for performance analysis of tests performed in a clinical laboratory. Lack of precision in terms of CV% was seen for majority of the poor performers. Total allowable error targets using Biological Variability data revealed σ â€‹< â€‹3 for 10 parameters while using CLIA guidelines σ â€‹< â€‹3 was seen for only 5 parameters of IQC level-2.