[Poorly cohesive gastric carcinoma. Validity of using the term; translation variants]. / Kartsinoma zheludka iz plokho stseplennykh kletok. Pravomochnost' ispol'zovaniya termina i varianty perevoda.

Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is common practice to use two classification systems: the Lauren classification system and the WHO classification of tumors in the morphological study of gastric carcinomas. Since 2010, the WHO classifications have included the term "poorly cohesive carcinoma", which refers to all diffuse forms of gastric cancer, including signet ring cell carcinoma and other subtypes. Despite this, the term has not been widely used in the world community, and it is almost not found in Russian literature. Only recently, after the publication of the 5th edition of the WHO classification (2019), there have been review articles where the term is used, but its name can be translated into Russian in different ways: poor-, weak -, low-adhesive, discogesive. The paper analyzes the Pubmed and Elibrary databases in order to find out the frequency of using various designations for diffuse gastric carcinoma, justifies the use of the term «poorly cohesive carcinoma¼, and proposes a variant of the term interpretation in Russian.

[Cystoscopic and morphological features of chronic recurrent papillomavirus cystitis].

INTRODUCTION: Chronic recurrent cystitis (CRC) is a common disease in the female population and a serious medical problem. There are not enough data about etiology of this desiase and effective treatment. OBJECTIVE: To increase the accuracy of the differential diagnosis of bacterial and papillomavirus chronic recurrent cystitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analysis of endoscopic and morphological diagnostic methods of 118 patients with CRC, which, depending on the etiological factor, were divided into two groups. Group I (n=65) patients with CRC of HPV etiology and Group II (n=53) - CRC of bacterial etiology (E. coli). All patients were examined according to the EAU and RSU recommendations, and an endoscopic examination of the bladder (cystoscopy) was additionally included, followed by morphological examination of biopsy specimen of the urinary bladder. RESULTS: The endoscopic picture of bacterial CRC usually is caused by hyperemia of the mucous membrane of the bladder, hyperemia and injection of vessels with the participation of (small-puncture/diapedesic) hemorrhages without signs of proliferative changes. The endoscopic picture in papillomavirus CRC in all patients presented by focal or diffuse, slightly elevated, exophytic, often polypoid formations of a whitish or whitish-gray color, usually localized in the Leto triangle. Morphological analysis of biopsy tissue of the urinary bladder in patients with bacterial cystitis in the mucous and submucous layer showed edema, thickening of the urothelium, capillary abundance, inflammatory infiltration, represented by lymphocytes, plasma cells and leukocytes, among which neutrophilic macrophage leukocytes were predominant. Morphological analysis of the bladder mucosa in all examined patients with signs of HPV-related lesions showed a thickening of the urothelium, squamous metaplasia of the urothelium, chronic inflammation, microcirculatory vascular reaction and edema. An important distinctive pathomorphological sign of HPV within urinary bladder was the presence of koilocytic transformation of urothelium cells due to the cytopathic effect of the virus. CONCLUSIONS: Papillomavirus CR has characterized by an infectious-inflammatory process in the bladder paries, with lymphocytic-plasmatic infiltration and coylocytic transformation of the urothelium.

[The efficacy of recombinant interferon -2b in the treat ment of male infertility caused by human papilloma- virus].

INTRODUCTION: The involvement of human papillomavirus (HPV) in male infertility is becoming increasingly evident. There are no approved treatment for male infertility associated with human papillomavirus infection (HPV). RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness of interferon therapy (recombinant interferon -2b with an antioxidant complex of vitamins E and C) in the treatment of male infertility associated with HPV MATERIALS AND METHODS: An analysis of the results of a survey of 103 patients aged 28 to 46 years with a diagnosis of infertility associated with HPV was carried out. Ejaculate was assessed in accordance with the WHO recommendations (2010); the amplification method of DNA diagnostics, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), was used to identify the type of virus. The material for the study was ejaculate. Depending on the therapy, the patients were divided into two groups: the 1st control group (n=54) - were under observation. Group 2 (n=49) - received treatment with recombinant interferon -2b with an antioxidant complex of vitamins E and C (Viferon), (rectal suppositories), which was prescribed at a dosage of 3,000,000 IU per rectum 2 times a day with an interval of 12 hours for 20 days. The observation period is 1 year. The end point of the study was the onset of pregnancy. RESULTS: When comparing the characteristics of the groups obtained, no statistically significant difference was found. Almost all of the studied patients had various types of pathospermia. When identifying the virus, 6, 16, 18, 31, 33 types of HPV were most often detected in the ejaculate. The most common disorder in the studied groups is asthenozoospermia. The association of several types of virus had a statistically significant weak inverse correlation with morphological changes in the ejaculate, in comparison with the ejaculate where one type of virus was detected (r=0.257, p=0.0853). The more types of the virus were registered in the ejaculate in associative relationships, the more the expression of morphological changes in the ejaculate. CONCLUSIONS: Male infertility may be due to the presence of HPV in the ejaculate. The more types of HPV present in the ejaculate, the lower the total sperm motility. For the treatment of infertility caused by PVI, it is recommended to use recombinant interferon -2b with an antioxidant complex of vitamins E and C.

[The effectiveness of recombinant interferon alpha-2b in the treatment of chronic recurrent bacterial prostatitis].

INTRODUCTION: Chronic recurrent bacterial prostatitis (HRBP) affects the reproductive function and negatively affects the quality of life of men. The multifactorial pathogenesis of this disease causes the failure of antibiotic therapy and some cases, requires an in-depth study of the mechanisms of disease development and additional treatment methods. OBJECTIVES: of the study: to study of the effectiveness of immunoactive therapy (recombinant interferon alpha-2b with an antioxidant complex) in combination with antibacterial therapy in patients with HRBP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective trial: examination and treatment of 62 patients. Two groups: I (study) group (n=31) received antibacterial therapy (ABT) and a therapy with recombinant IFN Alpha-2b based medication with antioxidant complex (vitamins E and C), II (control) group (n=31) received only ABT. The examination plan included questionnaires (NIH - CPSI, IPSS, Hamilton), general blood and urine tests, biochemical blood tests, urethral scrapings for PCR diagnostics, plasma testosterone, native, electron microscopy, culture test and immunoferment analysis of the prostate sercet, uroflowmetry, Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS). RESULTS: When monitoring the clinical picture according to questionnaires (IPSS, NIH-CPSI, Hamilton scale) and laboratory indicators, 1 month after treatment, a significant reduction in symptoms was observed in both groups, and after 3, 6, and 12 months - in patients of group I. CONCLUSIONS: The Combination of an antibacterial drug and recombinant interferon alpha-2b in the treatment of HRBP provides more effective relief of the infectious and inflammatory process in the long term than antibacterial monotherapy.